語法講義03979

1、1語法講義語法講義一一主謂一致主謂一致1短語在主語中心詞之后時，謂語仍與前面的主語部分保持一致。(togetheralongwithaswellasratherthanasmuchasaccompaniedbynolessthanmethanbesidesincludingwithlikeetc.)Thepresidentalongwithhisbodyguardswasrushedawayfromthestadium.Iasmucha

2、smyhusbwasresponsiblefthelossofourchild.Theteachertogetherwithhisstudentswkspartoftheweekinthelab.2.集體名詞作主語時如果作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)。如果作為個體看，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。（congressfamilygroupcommitteeganizationarmycrowdteamclassgovernmentmajityminitypu

3、blicjuryclubcrewetc）Ourteamareontheplaygroundhavingaheateddiscussion.(teammembers).Themajityofthestudentscomefromthenth.ClassOnemovesfasecondvisittotheGreatWall.Theaudiencewereexcitedathisspeech.注：1)群體名詞：peoplemilitia(民兵

4、)，cattle牛群，poutry(家禽)等通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。poutry家禽肉時單數(shù)，總稱時復(fù)數(shù)。ArethereanypolicearoundThemilitiawereonthespot.2)表金錢，時間，度量，重量，價值等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表示一個整體概念時，用單數(shù)。Ftythousdollarsisenoughtopayfthetuitionfthatprivateschool.Twodaysonthetrainistoolo

5、ngfme.20kilogramsistooheavyfmetolift.3.表示數(shù)量意義的詞作主語時，遵循語義一致的原則。Allthenumbermosthalftherestthelasttheremainderpartvarietyonethird60%etc.i.當(dāng)這些詞后的名詞為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，謂語用單數(shù)。Halfoftheshipsweredamagedinthestm.Halfof

6、thewaterintheriverispolluted.Therestoftheperfmanceisdull.Therestofthebooksareonsaletoday.Thenumberofthenewstudentsenrolledinouruniversityis2000.Anumberofstudentsenrolledarefeignstudents.Threefourthsofallthesurfaceoftheea

7、rthissea.Threefourthsofthemembersinthecommitteearemen.ii.“oneofinn.”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。但“oneofn(pl)whowhichthatclause”，從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.Oneoutoftwentypeoplewaschosenfthejob.4.“the

8、形容詞“結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時3Thereisabooktwopensonthedesk.3)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)，依據(jù)其意義而定。Meanscrossroadsheadquartersdeersheepetc.Allavailablemeanshavebeentriedtoteachlanguage.Takingpartinsocialpracticeisameansthroughwhichcollegestudent

9、scangettoknowthesociety.4）書名，電影名，文章名等作主語，動詞通用單數(shù)。His“edPoems”wasverypopularamongyoungpeople.SnowWhiteSevenDwarfsisaveryinterestingfairytale.5)what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語，如果內(nèi)容表抽象的事情或意義，動詞用單數(shù)；如果從句表復(fù)數(shù)的含義，則動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。6)學(xué)科，疾病等名稱作主語時，動詞用單數(shù)，如econom

10、icsphysicsmathsdiabetes(糖尿病)etc.Physicsisadifficultsubjecttome.Diabetesisamoderndiseasefromwhichrichfatpeoplesufferalot.7)表示總稱的名詞作主語時，動詞用單數(shù)，如machinerypoetryscenerystationeryry結(jié)尾的名詞。Newmachineryisbeinginstalledinthefacty.