汽車服務手冊

1、Wheel Safety and Maintenance輪轂的安全及保養(yǎng),Alcoa Wheel Products 美鋁輪轂產品,How Do We Maintain Wheels?如何保養(yǎng)輪轂,What Is in a Warning?關于警示,The second paragraph details what might happen if no corrective action is taken.第二段關于若不采取有效措施可能

2、會發(fā)生的事故,The final paragraph details what corrective action should be taken.最后一段是關于必須采取的措施,WARNING The first paragraph tells you about a potentially hazardous condition, situation or practice.警示 第一段是有關潛在危險,Example… the

3、 condition: 例…,WARNING Cracked or damaged wheels may cause wheels to fail or come off the vehicle while the vehicle is moving.開裂或已損壞的輪轂可能在行車時發(fā)生脫落First, the potentially hazardous condition, situation or practice is exp

4、lained.首先說明潛在的危險,Example… what can happen:,WARNING Cracked or damaged wheels may cause wheels to fail or come off the vehicle while the vehicle is moving.Wheels that fail or come off the vehicle while it is moving can

5、 cause serious injury or death.損壞的輪轂或輪轂脫落會導致嚴重的傷亡Then, what might happen if no corrective action is taken.然后說明若不采取有效措施可能會發(fā)生的事故,Example… the remedy:,WARNING Cracked or damaged wheels may cause wheels to fail or come o

6、ff the vehicle while the vehicle is moving.Wheels that fail or come off the vehicle while it is moving can cause serious injury or death.Immediately remove cracked or damaged wheels from service.立即更換以開裂或損壞的輪轂And f

7、inally, the corrective action.最后說明應采取的措施,Follow Recommended Practices,Alcoa Service Manual美鋁服務手冊Wheel installation practices輪轂的安裝方法Wheel inspections輪轂的檢查Ride disturbance questions行車震動問題,Follow Recommended Practic

8、es,Alcoa Service Manual section 7 美鋁服務手冊第7部分U.S. OSHA law 美國OSHA （職業(yè)安全法）must use safety cage 必須使用安全罩must use clip on air chuck 必須使用安全氣閥must comply with industry, wheel and tire service manuals 必須遵守行業(yè)，輪轂和輪胎

9、服務手冊的有關規(guī)定must train people相關人員必須經過培訓tires found with less than 80% air pressure must be inspected to find cause of air loss and any potential problems輪胎不足80%的氣壓時，必須經過檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)漏氣和其他可能的問題的原因。,Proper Installation,Clean all

10、mounting surfaces清潔所有安裝表面Lubricate studs and nuts (hub piloted)潤滑螺桿及螺母（中心孔定位）Use proper torque sequence按正確的順序安裝螺母Initial torque 50 to 100 ft. Lb. 初始扭矩…Final torque 450 to 500 ft. Lb. 最終扭矩Follow torque sequence按正確的順

11、序擰緊螺母Re-torque？,Stud/Nut Lubrication 螺栓螺母潤滑,Affects of cleaning and lubrication清潔度和潤滑對夾緊力的影響,Why proper installation? 正確安裝的理由,Safety for you, your employees and the public 關乎您、您的同事和公眾的安全To eliminate loose wheel con

12、ditions排除輪轂松落的可能To improve wheel life延長輪轂壽命,CAN SAVE YOU MONEY可以節(jié)約費用,Stud Located Steer and Single Wheel Components for 3/4” and 1 1/8” studs 螺栓直徑為3/4” 和1 1/8”單輪螺栓定位,Need full thread engagement 全螺紋嚙合,Stud Loca

13、ted Dualed WheelsDrive/Trailer Axle Components 雙輪驅動橋/拖車橋螺栓定位,,Stud Located Dualed Wheels, Inner Steel& Outer Aluminum Axle Components 螺栓定位、內側鋼輪外側鋁輪,Single Hub Piloted Axle Components單輪中心孔定位,,Need full thread en

14、gagement 需全螺紋嚙合,Hub Piloted Dualed WheelAxle Components 雙輪中心孔定位,Wheel Stud Maintenance螺拴保養(yǎng),1 broken stud — replace broken stud and the ones adjacent the broken stud一顆螺栓斷裂，更換斷裂者和相鄰兩顆。2 or more broken studs — replac

15、e all the studs for that wheel兩顆及以上螺栓斷裂，更換所有螺栓。Include stud replacement in your wheel maintenance program將螺栓更換作為車輪保養(yǎng)的一部分,,Hub Piloted Torque Sequences 中心孔定位擰緊順序,Place pilot pads at 12:00 (TDC),Follow tightening sequ

16、ence starting at the top,,Stud Located Torque Sequences螺栓定位擰緊順序,Begin with one studat 12:00 (TDC),Start the tighteningsequence at the top,then move to thebottom,,,,,,,,,Hub Piloted Torque Values中心孔定位最終扭矩值,,Stud Locat

17、ed Torque Values螺栓定位的扭矩值,Why Fleets Experience Loose Wheels 為什么輪轂會松落？,Low initial torque 初始扭矩太低High initial torque 初始扭矩太高Torque okay – tension low扭矩合適但壓力太低Initial torque/tension okay初始扭矩和壓力合適,Tire/Wheel Inflat

18、ion Pressures輪胎/輪轂氣壓,Proper inflation pressure helps tireand wheel life正確的氣壓可延長輪胎及輪轂的壽命Low inflation pressure will increase rim flange wear氣壓過低會增加輪緣磨損Unequal inflation pressure may overload the tire/wheel氣壓不平衡會導

19、致輪胎輪轂過載,Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Excessive Heat過熱,Wheel Inspection 輪轂檢查,Ball Tape 球形尺,Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Ball Tape球形尺,Rim Roll Demonstration輪緣滾動檢查,Wheel Inspection 輪轂檢查,Photos show the carpenter square even on both bead s

20、eats.,,Wheel Inspection 輪轂檢查,Photos shows an undersized wheel that you can clearly place a .020 card between the square and the wheel,Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Flange Wear輪緣磨損,Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Rim Flange Wear Gauge輪緣磨損量規(guī),

21、Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Hand Hole Crack散熱孔裂紋,Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Bolt Hole Crack螺栓孔裂紋,Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Hand Hole to Bolt Hole Crack 散熱孔與螺栓孔間裂紋,Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Drop Center Crack 中心裂紋,Wheel Inspection 輪轂檢查,Mounting

22、Surface Corrosion安裝表面銹蝕,Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Bent Flange 輪緣彎曲變形,Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Valve Stem before removal氣閥莖,Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Valve Stem Corrosion氣閥銹蝕,Valve Stem with Frey Lube氣閥莖？,Wheel Inspection輪轂檢查,Damaged S

23、tud Holes螺栓孔變形,Damaged hub piloted bolt hole.螺栓孔損傷（中心孔定位）,Damaged ball seat contact area.球孔座表面損傷,Tire Wear or Ride Problems（輪胎磨損或震顫）,.040” Max. - RRO/LRO？,Wheel Balance 車輪平衡,6oz. Max.,Balance Weights平衡塊,Use coated bala

24、nce weights ？or “stick-on” adhesive weights粘貼平衡塊,Improperly installed weights could “fly off” during useand damage the vehicleor cause personal injury.不正確安裝的平衡塊會“飛出”，導致車輛或人員傷亡,Bolt Hole/Center Hole True Position螺栓孔與中

25、心孔之間的距離,.012” Max. difference from hole to hole 最大偏差為12“,Safety Maintenance and Inspection Summary 總結,Follow practices as outlined in the Alcoa Service Manual嚴格按照服務手冊的說明Follow torque specs and sequences嚴格按照扭矩參數(shù)和順序

26、Keep the mating surfaces clean保持接觸面清潔Include studs in maintenance practice螺栓也是必須保養(yǎng)的部分Clean and inspect wheels清潔并仔細檢查輪轂,Wheel Inspection Summary,Remove any suspect wheelfrom service 可疑的輪轂必須報廢Remove any damaged w

27、heel from service 受損的輪轂必須報廢,When removing a wheel from service, clearly identify the wheel as scrap and remove valve stem.報廢的輪轂必須明確標注并拆掉氣閥,Wheel Inspection Summary輪轂檢查總結,Permanently remove any wheel from service that h

28、as been exposed to excessive heat (for example: tire fire, bearing fire, brake fire, etc.)報廢所有過熱的輪轂（如：輪胎失火，軸承著火，剎車著火，等等。）,Remember: When removinga wheel from service,clearly identify the wheel as scrapand remove the

29、 valve stem.報廢的輪轂必須明確標注并拆掉氣閥,How to Obtain Literature如何獲得相關資料,Service manuals, specification data, videos and other literature are available free: at www.alcoawheels.com可在www.alcoawheels.com網站免費獲取服務手冊，參數(shù)表，VCD及其他資料。,Tha