給排水專業(yè)英語unit6

1、Specialized English for Water and Wastewater Engineering,給排水專業(yè)英語,主講教師：李康,Lesson 6 Filtration,過濾,6.1 Words and expressions Review,coagulant [k??'ægj?l?nt] n. 混凝劑絮凝劑

2、 flocculant destabilize [di:'steibilaiz] vt. 脫穩(wěn)， 使...不穩(wěn)定electrolyte [i'lektr??lait] n. 電解物,電解質(zhì),電解液 aggregation [ægri'gei??n] n. ,聚合,集合體synthetic

3、 organic polymer [sin'θetik] 合成有機(jī)聚合物macroflocculation ['mækr?u] 同向絮凝表面電荷 surface charge親水性的 hydrophilicisoelectric point [,ais

4、?ui'lektrik] 等電點(diǎn),,,,,,,,,,,6.1 Words and expressions Review,electrostatic forces 靜電力reagent 反應(yīng)物，試劑thermal agitation 熱攪動

5、腐殖酸 humic acids diffuse layer [di'fju:z] 擴(kuò)散層compact layer (Stern) 壓縮層cloud of ions 電子云silicate

6、 硅酸鹽zeta potential ['zi:t?] ζ電位,,,,,,,,,,6.2 New words and expressions,Frictional resistance 摩擦阻力Grain [grein]

7、 細(xì)粒，顆粒Backwashing 反沖洗Straining ['streini?] 篩濾，變形Interception [,int?'sep??n] n. 攔截，截留Electrokinetic [i,lektr??kai'netik] adj. 動電學(xué)的 ，電動的T

8、erminate [‘t?:mineit] v. 終止，停止， 結(jié)束Hydraulics ['hai'dr?:liks] n. 水力學(xué)Slow filter 慢濾池 Rapid filter 快濾池Gravity filter

9、 重力濾池,,,,,,,,,,,,6.2 New words and expressions,Filter medium 過濾介質(zhì)，濾料Anthracite ['ænθr?,sa?t] 無煙煤Coal-sand beds 煤-砂濾床Dual m

10、edia filter 雙層濾料濾池Coarse media 粗濾料Fine media 細(xì)濾料Turbidity breakthrough 濁度穿透Filter cycle 過濾周

11、期Filter effluent 濾后水，濾池出水Filter influent 濾前水，濾池進(jìn)水,,,,,,,,,,,6.3 Important sentences,(第一段) Filtration is used to separate nonsettleable solids from water and wastew

12、ater by passing it through a porous medium. The most common system is filtration through a layered bed of granular media, usually a coarse anthracite coal anthracite coal （？）underlain by finer sand. coarse anthrac

13、ite coal 粗無煙煤 煤砂雙層濾料濾床 ？,非沉降性顆粒,粒狀濾料,多孔介質(zhì),6.3 Important sentences,1. (第二段) The mechanisms involved in removing suspended solids in a granular-media filter are complex, consisting of interception, straining, floccul

14、ation, and sedimentation. Initially, surface straining and interstitial removal result in accumulation of deposits in the upper portion of the filter media. Because of the reduction in ore are, the velocity of water thro

15、ugh the remaining voids increases, shearing off pieces of captured floc and carrying impurities deeper into the filter bed. The effective zone of removal passes deeper and deeper into the filter. Turbulence and resulting

16、 increased particle contact within the pores promotes flocculation, resulting in trapping of the larger floc particles.,篩濾，變形,攔截，截取,Tertiary treatment？過濾工作原理？,6.3 Important sentences,(第三段) The process of direct filtrat

17、ion does not include sedimentation prior to filtration. The impurities removed from the water are collected and stored in the filter. Although rapid mixing of chemicals is necessary, the flocculation stage is either elim

18、inated or a mixing time less than 30min. Contact flocculation of the chemically coagulated particles in the water takes places in the granular media. Successful advances in direct filtration are attributed to the develop

19、ment of coarse-to-fine multimedia filters with greater capacity for “in-depth” filtration, improved backwashing systems using mechanical or air agitation to aid cleaning of the media, and the availability of better polym

20、er coagulants.Contact flocculation？,接觸絮凝,深入的,6.3 Important sentences,(第四段) Surface waters with low turbidity and color are most suitable for processing by direct filtration. Based on experiences cited in the literature,

21、 waters with less than 40 units of color, turbidity consistently below 5 units, iron and manganese concentrations of less than 0.3 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively, and algal counts below 2000/mL can be successfully processed

22、. Operational problems in direct filtration are expected when color exceeds 40 units or turbidity is greater than 15 units on a continuous basis. Potential problems can be alleviated during a short period of time by appl

23、ication of additional polymer. For inactivation of viruses and a high degree of bacterial disinfection, filtration of chemically conditioned wastewater precedes disinfection by chlorine. HCE human-caused e