英語教學(xué)法復(fù)習(xí)提綱

1、Unit1LanguageLearning1.Language:”Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfhumancommunication.”Itcanbeunderstoodinthefollowingsixaspects:LanguageassystemLanguageassymbolicLanguageasarbitraryLanguageasvocalLanguageashu

2、manLanguageascommunication2.Structuralview:Thestructuralviewseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems:fromphonologicalmphologicallexicaletc.tosentences.3.Thefunctionalview:Thefunctionalviewseeslanguageasal

3、inguisticsystembutalsoasameansfdoingthings.Mostofourdaytodaylanguageuseinvolvesfunctionalactivities:greetingsofferingsuggestingadvisingapologizingetc.4.Theinteractionalview:Theinteractionalviewconsiderslanguageasacommuni

4、cativetoolwhosemainuseistobuildupmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.5.Thelanguagelearningtheyunderlyinganapproachmethodusuallyanswerstwoquestions:1)Whatarethepsycholinguisticcognitiveprocessesinvolvedinlanguagelearning

5、2)Whataretheconditionsthatneedtobemetinderftheselearningprocessestobeactivated6.Althoughthesetwoquestionshaveneverbeensatisfactilyansweredavastamountofresearchhasbeendonefromallaspectswhichcanbebroadlydividedintoprocessi

6、entedtheiesconditionientedtheies.1)Processientedtheiesareconcernedwithhowthemindprocessesnewinfmationsuchashabitfmationinductionmakinginferencehypothesistestinggeneralization.2)Conditionientedtheiesemphasizethenatureofth

7、ehumanphysicalcontextinwhichlanguagelearningtakesplacesuchasthenumberofstudentswhatkindofinputlearnersreceivethelearningatmosphere.7.Twotheies:Someresearchersattempttofmulateteachingapproachesdirectlyfromthesetheies.1)Th

8、ebehaviistthey(Skinner)astimulusresponsetheyofpsychologyThekeypointofthetheyofconditioningisthat“youcantrainananimaltodoanything(withinreason)ifyoufollowacertainprocedurewhichhasthreemajstagesstimulusresponsereinfcement“

9、2)Cognitivethey(NoamChomsky):Thetermcognitiveistodescribelooselymethodsinwhichstudentsareaskedtothinkratherthansimplyrepeat.8.Avarietyofelementsthatcontributetothequalitiesofagoodlanguageteacher:1)ethicdevotion道德素質(zhì)1).lea

10、rnfromothersexperience(empiricalknowledge來自經(jīng)驗(yàn)的知識(shí))2).learnreceivedknowledge(suchaslanguagetheiespsycholinguisticssociolinguisticseducationalpsychologylanguageteachingmethodologyetc.)3).learnfromonesownexperienceBothexperi

11、entialknowledge(othersonesown)receivedknowledgeareusefulwhentheteachersgotopractice.Thisisthecombinationof“craft““appliedscience“.Thelearningstageisfollowedbypractice.Theterm“practice“canbeusedintwosenses.Inonesenseitisa

12、shtperiodoftimeassignedfstudentteacherstodoteachingpracticeaspartoftheireducationusuallyunderthesupervision監(jiān)督oftheirinstructs.Thispracticeisalsocalledpseudopractice.Theothersenseof“practice“istherealwkthattheteacherunder

13、takeswhenhefinisheshiseducation.Unit2CommunicativePrinciplesActivities10.Theultimategoaloffeignlanguageteachingistoenablethestudentstousethefeignlanguageinwklifewhennecessary.11.ThegoalofCLTThegoalofCLTistodevelopstudent

14、scommunicativecompetence12.Communicativecompetence:Competencesimplymeansknowledgeofthelanguagesystem:grammaticalknowledgeinotherwds.13.Hymes(1979)communicativecompetenceincludesfouraspects:1)knowingwhethersomethingisfmal

15、lypossible(grammaticallyacceptable)whichisroughlyequivalenttoChomskyslinguisticcompetence交流內(nèi)容是否規(guī)范2)knowingwhethersomethingisunderstabletohumanbeings3)knowingwhethersomethingisinlinewith與、、、有關(guān)socialnms4)knowingwhethersome

16、thingisinfactdone:Dopeopleactuallyuselanguagethisway14.Basedontheconceptofcommunicativecompetenceaimingatdevelopingsuchcompetencecommunicativelanguageteachinghasthefollowingfeatures:1)Itstressestheneedtoallowstudentsoppt

17、unitiesfauthenticcreativeuseofthelanguage.2)Itfocusesonmeaningratherthanfm.3)Itsuggeststhatlearningshouldberelevanttotheneedsofthestudents.4)Itadvocates提倡taskbasedlanguageteaching.Studentsshouldbegiventaskstoperfmproblem

18、stosolveintheclassroom.5)Itemphasizesafunctionalapproachtolanguagelearning(i.e.whatpeopledowithlanguagesuchasinvitingapologizinggreetingintroducingetc.).15.RidsRodgers(1986:72)threeprinciplesofCommunicativelanguageteachi