宏經(jīng)名詞解釋

1、 宏經(jīng)名詞解釋 宏經(jīng)名詞解釋1. Macroeconomics ：The study of the economy as a whole. 宏觀經(jīng)濟學 宏觀經(jīng)濟學：把經(jīng)濟視為一個整體而進行的研究。2. Gross domestic product (GDP) ：The total income earned domestically, including the inco

2、me earned by foreign-owned factors of production; the total expenditure on domestically produced goods and services.國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值：國內(nèi)所獲得的總收入，包括在國外使用的生產(chǎn)要素帶來的收入；對一國產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)產(chǎn)出的總支出。3. Value added ：The value of a firm’s output mi

3、nus the value of the intermediate goods the firm purchased.增加值 增加值：企業(yè)產(chǎn)出的價值減去企業(yè)購買的中間產(chǎn)品的價值。4. Real GDP ：The value of goods and services measured using a constant set of prices.實際 實際 GDP：用一組不變價格衡量的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)的價值。5. GDP deflator：T

4、he ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP; a measure of the overall level of prices that shows the cost of the currently produced basket of goods relative to the cost of that basket in a base year.GDP 平減指數(shù) 平減指數(shù)：名義 GDP 與實際 GDP

5、比率；衡量總體價格水平的指標，表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)期生產(chǎn)的一籃子物品的成本相對于基年生產(chǎn)的同一籃子物品的成本的值。6. Consumer price index (CPI) ：A measure of the overall level of prices that shows the cost of a fixed basket of consumer goods relative to the cost of the same basket in

6、 a base year.消費者價格指數(shù) 消費者價格指數(shù)：價格總體水平的一種衡量指標，它表示固定的一籃子消費者商品的成本相對于同樣一籃子消費者商品在基年的成本的值。7. Unemployment rate ：The percentage of those in the labor force who do not have jobs.失業(yè)率 失業(yè)率：勞動力中沒有工作的人所占的百分比。8. Labor-force participatio

7、n rate ：The percentage of the adult population in the labor force.勞動力參與率 勞動力參與率：成年人口中勞動力的百分比。9. Disposable income：Income remaining after the payment of taxes. 可支配收入 可支配收入：稅后收貨幣的收入流通速度： 貨幣的收入流通速度：在一個給定時期一張美元鈔票進入某個人收入的次數(shù)。2

8、0. Real money balances: The quantity of money expressed in terms of the quantity of goods and services it can buy; the quantity of money divided by the price level (M/P).實際貨幣余額： 實際貨幣余額：用能購買的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)的數(shù)量來表示的貨幣量；貨幣量除以價格水平（M/P）

9、 。21. Seigniorage: The revenue raised by the government through the creation of money; also called the inflation tax.貨幣鑄造稅： 貨幣鑄造稅：政府通過創(chuàng)造貨幣而籌集到的收入；又稱“通貨膨脹稅”。22. Fisher effect: The one-for-one influence of expected inflati

10、on on the nominal interest rate. 費雪效應(yīng)： 費雪效應(yīng)：預(yù)期通貨膨脹對名義利率一對一的影響。23. Fisher equation: The equation stating that the nominal interest rate is the sum of the real interest rate and expected inflation ( i = r + Eπ).費雪方程： 費雪方程：

11、這一方程規(guī)定，名義利率是實際利率與預(yù)期通貨膨脹率之和( i = r + Eπ).24. Shoeleather cost: The cost of inflation from reducing real money balances, such as the inconvenience of needing to make more frequent trips to the bank.鞋底成本： 鞋底成本：減少實際貨幣余額引起的通貨

12、膨脹成本，例如，需要更頻繁地光顧銀行帶來的不方便。25. Menu cost: The cost of changing a price.菜單成本： 菜單成本：價格調(diào)整的成本。26. Classical dichotomy: The theoretical separation of real and nominal variables in the classical model, which implies that nominal

13、 variables do not influence real variables. (Cf. neutrality of money.)古典二分法： 古典二分法：古典模型中名義變量與實際變量在理論上的分離，它意味著名義變量不影響實際變量。27. Monetary neutrality: The property that a change in the money supply does not influence real var