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簡(jiǎn)介：Y140睹80螽糾犬學(xué)碩士專業(yè)學(xué)位論文2008屆以數(shù)學(xué)史為鑒，校本教材“素?cái)?shù)”一章的教案設(shè)計(jì)A1KACHJNGD雌IGNFOFTHCCH8PTEROFTHE”PDMENUMBER”INSCH00IBASEDCURRICULUMBASEDONTHEH擔(dān)TORYOFMATHS研究生姓名墨盟量指導(dǎo)教師姓名虛墼壘蘭墨墅專業(yè)學(xué)位名稱蒸宣塑研究方向生盤墼芏L墼芏論文提交日期Q豎Q月A1切CHILLGD齬I鯽FORTLLECHAPTEROFTLLE”呻NE刪望型’IILSCHOOIB弱EDCURTICULUMBASEDON儡EHISBDIYOFMATIISABS昀CCATEACHINGDESIGNFORTHECHAPTEROFTHE’’PRIME1●●●●●11●●■J1NUMDERLNSCN00IDASEDCURRLCULUMBASED0NTNEHISTORY0FMATHSABSTRACTWIM也EADVANCEMENTOFNEWCURRICULLLMANDC1硎CLL№LREFO眥IIL也EC0吼TRY，11ISTO巧OFMAMEMATICSEDUCATIONA11DTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSCHOOLBASEDCMTI叫UMISATTR；施G訪CRE嬲ING砒ENTIONFBMEDUCATIONSECTORS趾DSCHOOLST11ISARTICLECOMBINEST、7舊ASPECTSTOGETLLERT11ATIS，TAKEALESSON丘0MTLLEHISTO巧OFMAM鋤ATICS鋤DMELTME1LISTOD，OF塒呱EN瑚曲ERINT0也EDESI弘OFTEACL血GP1髓蠡竹SCH001B雒EDCURRICULUM11LISANICLEISDIVIDEDIILT0T、IROPARTSTHC觸PANMAILLLYCCMCEN塔MELITERATILREREVICW弛DMEANALYSISOFP血1EMLINBERTLLISPARTSYSTEMATICALLYELABORATEST11EMODELS鋤DP血CIPLESA_BOLITDESIGNILLGTEACHIILGPLANSFORTLLECHAM叮OFPDINEMMLB盯THESECONDPARTIST0A11ALYSEC嬲ESTLLD鋤_TS111ISPANFOCUSES0NSL【I11SANDDRILLSFORT11ECHAMEROFPRINLEIMMB盯TH∞U曲C嬲ESTUDY111ISNLESISMAINIYDCALS謝MMERESEARCHON也ERELEVANTPROBLEMS謝M廿1EP血ENLMLBER、ⅣITHOUTTHEC0NCEPTOFITNMAILLLYREPLACES也EPDMEFKTORFACTOR沏DONINTHECONCEPTOFPRIMEMLMBCR、L，I也也EMEMODOFGEI塢【I鋤GJI趾SUN觚DALGORI廿1MOFDIVISIONH1THEWAY，恤STLLDENTSC吼唧THEME廿LODOFTLLIILKILLGOFMEMEMODOFG明G【I鋤GJIANSUNANDALGORITHMOFDIVISIONF酬LY，WE如1WSOMEC0NCLUSIO璐B鵲EDONLIT蹦咖鵬STUDY觚DC笛E咖DY也ENECESSI鑼OFCOINBIILILLGLLISTO巧OFMAM鋤TICSI】吐OSHOOLBASCDCⅧ矗CULUM鋤DFE雒IBILI鑼F0RCA|RRYIILGOUT州CULUMINPRIMARYANDSECONDA巧SCHOOLSWI廿LTLLECONC印TSOFPRIILLEMLMBEREIUTT0MEETTHENEEDSINTHEFOLLOWUPSTUDY，TL地CONC印TOFPRIMENUMBERISSTIUINTERE妣DINSCHOOLB硒EDC嘶CUL啪ATTBES鋤E由NE，也EWRITERO插邑瑙SOMESUGGESTIONSONTEACLLINGP曲EN瑚曲CR觚D饑血I119TEACHERSKEYWORDSHISTO巧OFM砒EMATICS，蹦MEN啪BER，C弱ESTUDY，TCACH啦PLANSWRITTENBYWHWENZHOUSUPEIVISEDBYWALLGYIXUNTT

簡(jiǎn)介：中文摘要摘要“李約瑟難題’’是李約瑟博士提出的一個(gè)關(guān)于中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展史的中心問(wèn)題。因其所蘊(yùn)含的學(xué)術(shù)研究?jī)r(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)意義，引發(fā)了眾多中外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注，并分別通過(guò)不同的學(xué)科和角度對(duì)這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了解讀。軍事技術(shù)是科學(xué)技術(shù)在軍事領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用的理論與實(shí)踐成果，而作為軍事技術(shù)中重要一環(huán)的火器技術(shù)最早是由中國(guó)發(fā)明并應(yīng)用的，在13世紀(jì)初才傳入西方，但是在17世紀(jì)時(shí)中國(guó)火器的發(fā)展已經(jīng)明顯落后于歐洲，而這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)正好同“李約瑟難題“中所表述的為什么近代科學(xué)沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生在中國(guó)，而是在十七世紀(jì)西方的時(shí)間點(diǎn)相接近。因此本文將從中西方火器技術(shù)發(fā)展史入手，通過(guò)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新哲學(xué)的相關(guān)理論從中西方在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐、認(rèn)知和評(píng)價(jià)三個(gè)方面的差異上，對(duì)中國(guó)火器技術(shù)發(fā)展落后于西方的原因進(jìn)行探析，進(jìn)而對(duì)“李約瑟難題“進(jìn)行解讀，并對(duì)現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)軍事技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展提出相關(guān)意見(jiàn)和建議。關(guān)鍵詞“李約瑟難題”；中西方；火器技術(shù)；技術(shù)創(chuàng)新參礦T’●I■『黑龍江大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文IIIIIFLLHIIIL／LLLLLMLLIIIY2124947ABSTRACT”NEEDHAMPUZZLE”ISONEOFDRJOSEPHNEEDHAMPUTFORWARDONTHEHISTORYOFCHINESESCIENCEANDTECLMOLOGYDEVELOPMENTCENTERBECAUSEOFITSACADEMICVALUEANDREALISTICSOCIALSIGNIFICANCE，WHICHLEADSTOMANYCHINESEANDFOREIGNSCHOLARS’WIDESPREADATTENTION，ANDWEREADOPTEDBYDIFFERENTDISCIPLINESANDPERSPECTIVESONTHISISSUEOFMILITARYTECHNOLOGYISTHESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYINTHEMILITARYISWIDELYUSEDINTHEFIELDOFTHEORYANDPRACTICE，ANDASANIMPORTANTPARTOFMILITARYTECHNOLOGYINFIREARMTECHNOLOGYWASFIRSTUSEDBYTHECHINESEINVENTIONANDAPPLICATION，ATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHETHIRTEENTHCENTURYTOTHEWEST，BUTINSEVENTEENTHCENTURYCHINAFIREARMDEVELOPMENTHASSIGNIFICANTLYLAGGEDBEHINDTHATINEUROPE，ANDTHISTIMEITWITHTHE’’JOSEPHNEEDHARNPROBLEM?！疎XPRESSEDWHYMODEMSCIENCEDIDNOTPRODUCEINCHINABUTINSEVENTEENTHCENTURYTHETIMEPOINTISCLOSETOTHEWESTTHEREFORETHISARTICLE‘FROMTHEWESTERNFIREARMTECHNOLOGYHISTORYPROCEEDWITH，THROUGHTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONPHILOSOPHYTHEORYFROMTHEWESTINTHEPRACTICEOFTECHNICALINNOVATIONCOGNITIONANDEVALUATIONOFTHREEASPECTSOFTHEDIFFERENCES，TOCHINAWESTERNFIREARMTECHNOLOGYBEHINDTHEREASONSFORANALYSIS，ANDTHENTOTHEJOSEPHNEEDHAMPROBLEMNOFINTERPRETATIONANDATTHISSTAGEICOUNTRYMILITARYTECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONDEVELOPMENTANDPUTFORWARDTHERELEVANTOPINIONSANDSUGGESTIONS、點(diǎn)工KEL一ORDS’NEEDHAMPUZZLE；INTHEWEST；FIREARMTECHNOLOGY；TECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONIL

簡(jiǎn)介：學(xué)校代碼巡分類號(hào)魚(yú)壘研究生學(xué)號(hào)10200200820116密級(jí)玉⑧東北知予范大堇碩士學(xué)位論文JDD．23艿68準(zhǔn)教師數(shù)掌史知識(shí)的調(diào)查研究以東北師范大學(xué)為個(gè)案的研究ASURVEYONPRESERVICETEACHERS’KNOWLEDGEOFMATHEMATICSHISTORYTAKETHEEXAMPLEOFNORTHEASTNORMALUNIVERSITY指導(dǎo)教師學(xué)科專業(yè)研究方向?qū)W位類型作者張津瑞李淑文教授數(shù)學(xué)課程與教學(xué)論課程與課程論學(xué)歷碩士東北師范大學(xué)學(xué)位評(píng)定委員會(huì)2010年5月．J1●學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或其它復(fù)制手段保存、匯編本學(xué)位論文。保密的學(xué)位論文在解密后適用本授權(quán)書(shū)學(xué)位論文作者簽名次凄媯ET期H／。?！?、‘學(xué)位論文作者畢業(yè)后去向工作單位通訊地址指導(dǎo)教師簽名釜碴塞二日期蜘FF26‘電話郵編

簡(jiǎn)介：福建師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文高中物理學(xué)史校本課程文本資源的開(kāi)發(fā)與應(yīng)用姓名吳登平申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)課程與教學(xué)論（物理）指導(dǎo)教師陳峰20080401福建師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文摘要通過(guò)對(duì)福建省幾所中學(xué)的物理老師進(jìn)行“關(guān)于目前物理學(xué)史教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀”的訪談，和筆者的親身實(shí)踐發(fā)現(xiàn)，教師有利用物理學(xué)史進(jìn)行教學(xué)的意識(shí)，但是由于當(dāng)前物理學(xué)史的教學(xué)資源的匱乏，加之教學(xué)課時(shí)緊張等因素，阻礙了物理學(xué)史教育功能的發(fā)揮。教師期望能夠以開(kāi)展物理學(xué)史校本課程的形式彌補(bǔ)課堂物理學(xué)史教學(xué)的不足，同時(shí)也希望得到適合高中教學(xué)所使用的物理學(xué)史的資源?；谶@種要求，筆者在了解了前人對(duì)物理學(xué)史的教育功能、物理學(xué)史的應(yīng)用以及有關(guān)物理學(xué)史教材等研究的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行了高中物理學(xué)史校本課程的文本資源的開(kāi)發(fā)和應(yīng)用的研究。通過(guò)物理學(xué)史校本課程的文本資源的開(kāi)發(fā)和應(yīng)用，本研究得到以下結(jié)論1．通過(guò)深入研究物理學(xué)史的教育功能發(fā)現(xiàn)，物理學(xué)史不僅具有培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)素養(yǎng)、人文素養(yǎng)進(jìn)行STS教育、美育等、思想品德人生觀與價(jià)值觀及愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育等功能，還可以利用物理學(xué)史對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行感恩教育文獻(xiàn)中未查到有此提法；2．根據(jù)科學(xué)的方法確定校本課程的目標(biāo)和內(nèi)容，遵循所提出的開(kāi)發(fā)文本資源的原則及資源組織的方式，可以有效地開(kāi)發(fā)物理學(xué)史校本課程文本資源；3．該物理學(xué)史校本課程文本資源較好的解決了高中物理學(xué)史資源匱乏的問(wèn)題，給教師的物理學(xué)史校本課程的教學(xué)帶來(lái)了便捷，提高了物理學(xué)史校本課程的教學(xué)有效性，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了物理學(xué)史教學(xué)目標(biāo)的多樣化。由于它與教材內(nèi)容相對(duì)應(yīng)，教師在平時(shí)的課堂教學(xué)中也可以方便的參考4．該校本課程文本資源的編排是符合學(xué)生認(rèn)知規(guī)律的，較為翔實(shí)、系統(tǒng)的物理學(xué)歷史的敘述，適合學(xué)生獨(dú)立閱讀、自主學(xué)習(xí)，激發(fā)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣有利于學(xué)生從整體上把握物理知識(shí)或規(guī)律的來(lái)龍去脈，了解科學(xué)研究的本質(zhì)，有利于使學(xué)生較深刻的體會(huì)到科學(xué)家思維過(guò)程與研究方法，理解科學(xué)的本質(zhì)5．通過(guò)運(yùn)用該資源進(jìn)行校本課程的教學(xué)，使教師對(duì)物理學(xué)史的教學(xué)有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)，客觀上提高了教師的科學(xué)史素養(yǎng)。本研究是開(kāi)發(fā)物理學(xué)史文本資源的初步嘗試，由于時(shí)間限制等原因，物理學(xué)史文本資源的開(kāi)發(fā)與編寫(xiě)比較粗糙，需要在今后的研究中繼續(xù)完善，豐富史料，以期給中學(xué)物理學(xué)史教學(xué)提供更優(yōu)質(zhì)的物理學(xué)史的教學(xué)資源。關(guān)鍵詞物理學(xué)史校本課程文本資源開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)施教育功能

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簡(jiǎn)介：南京師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文原子的結(jié)構(gòu)化學(xué)史教學(xué)對(duì)于促進(jìn)高中生理解科學(xué)本質(zhì)的研究姓名黃二麗申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)課程與教學(xué)論（化學(xué)）指導(dǎo)教師李廣洲20110521ABST嘲ABSTRCATIMPROVINGSTUDENTS’SCIENTIFICLITEMCYISTILEB硒ICGOALOFMODEM∞IENCEEDUCATIONUNDERSTALLDINGTHEN撒鵬OFSCIENCENOSISNOTONLYACEN仃ICELEMENT矗時(shí)SCIENTIFICL“EMCY’BUTALS0HASBEENT11E沛PONL鋤TTA唱ETOFSCIENCEEDUCATIONINTLLETLLEO巧PANOFT11ISPAPER’WECONDUCTARE∞ARCHONT11EDEVELOPMENTOFATOIILICSTMCTURE，齜MM撕五NGT11EVIEWSOFNOSIILIT，觚D、I，EALSODESIGNTLLETEACHINGPROGR鋤ⅥEWSOFNOSQUESTIO衄AIREH弱BEENESTABLISHEDINTL傖PRACTIC“PANOF也ISPAPER37L∞ILIORHIGLLSCHOOLSTUDENTS’UNDERSTANDINGOFTILEVIEWSOFNOSISINVESTIGATEDINXUCH觚GTHE咖DYGETSOMECONCLUSIONS鷦FOLLOWSMELLI曲SCHOOLSTUDENTSHAVEAGOOD岫DER蜘DINGOF齜EMPIRICALNOS，TILETEN詛TIVENOS，鋤D恤DIVERSI哆ILLSCIENTIFICMETHOD；HAVEAGENE隨L蛐DER曲MDINGOFTLLECREATIVENOS；BUTTHCYAREIGNOMNTOFT11E11HEO巧LADENNOS柚DL【ILOWL硼EABOUTMEDISTINCTIONBETWE明SCIENTIFICTLLEORIES鋤DLAWSTHE陀A聆SIG面FIC鋤TDIFFERCNCESBITWEENBOYS觚DGIRLSINUNDERSTAILDINGTLLEEMPIRIC砒NOSANDTILETHEOD，LADENNOS；TLLE∞NIORHIGH∞HOOLSTLJDENTSINGRADE3KNOWFOURVIEWSOFNOSMORECLE趾LYT|L觚THE觸NTSING翰DE2，WKCHARETHETENTATIVENOS，TLLETHEO巧LADENNOS，TILEDIVERSI哆IN∞IENTIFICMETHOD，THEDISTINCTIONBE伯，ELMSCIENTIFICT11EORIES鋤DLAWS；THESTUDENTSM勾ORINSCIENCEHAVEABEN船UNDERSTANDINGOFTHEVIEWSOFNOSM鋤TLLESTUDENTSM旬ORINANSWREAL∞IITLPLEMENTATEACHINGINTERVENTIOILIILVESTIGATINGSTUDENTS’DIFFE陀NT岫DERST鋤DINGOFTLLEVIEWSOFN0硪ERIE鋤INGTLLELLIST0巧OFATOLTLICSTRUCTU陀11圮FOILO謝NGCONCLUSIONSAREREACHEDSCIENTISTS’EXPERIMENTSC鋤HELPSTUDENTS啪DERSTANDTHEEMPIRICAJNOS；TLLEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEATOMICSTRUCTUMCANHELPSTL面ENTSⅢLDERSTAILDTLLETENTATIVENOS；也EDEBATEOFCATILODERAYEXPERIMENTH勰觚ACTIVEROIEINHELPING咖DENTS啪DERST鋤DTHETHEO巧LADENNOS；T11EFACTSTILATRUTLLERFORDPROPOSESTHENUCLEARPLANETAD，MODELC觚HELPSTUDENTS姍DERSTANDTHECREATIVENOS；TILEANALOGY’HYPOTHESIS，鋤DOTILERMETHODSC鋤HELPSTUDENTSUNDERSTANDTHEDIVERSITYINSCIENTIFICMETHODFINALLY，S0METEACHINGST豫TEGIESAREPUTFORWARDINORDET0HELPSTUDENTS啪DERS協(xié)DMEVIEWSOFNOSDEEPLY’SUCH硒REPD0DUCING廿LEPROCESSOFSCIENTIFICDEVELOPMENT；ORG鋤IZINGIHV∞TIVITIES鋤DUSINGTHE鋤IMATIONKEYWORDSATOMICSTNLCTURE；CHEMICALHISTODR；∞NIORHIGH∞HOOLS叫ENT；NA_TUREOFSCIENCE；TE∞HING咖TEG，。

簡(jiǎn)介：河南師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文明代的史鈔姓名劉云霞申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)歷史文獻(xiàn)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師王記錄20090401ABSTRACTCHINESEANCIENTSHICHAEACHEDTHECLIMAXINMINGDYNASTYANDHADITSUNIQUEVALUEANDPOSITIONINTHEHISTORYOFHISTORIOGRAPHYATTHATTIMEINMINGDYNASTYCOMMODITYECONOMYDEVELOPEDRAPIDLYTHEPRINTINGTECHNIQUEWASWIDELYAPPLIEDANDEXTENDEDANDTHERULERSPRACTICEDCOERCIONPOLICYINPOLITICSANDCULTUREWHICHMADETHELEARNINGWITHSHICHAO笛ITSMAINMETHODINCLINEDOWNLOAD，ANDTHATWASTHEIMPORTANTREASONWHYSHICHAOWASSOFLOURISHINGHOWEVERTHEBLOOMOFSHICHAOINMINGDYNASTYWASTHEINEVITABLERESULTOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFHISTORIOGRAPHYTHESHICHAOINMINGDYNASTYHADRICHCONTENTS，INWHICHCHARACTERSWEREDIVIDEDINTODIFFERENTCATEGORIES，EVENTSWERECLASSIFIEDINTOTHESECATEGORIES，ANDTHECHOSENSTORIESWERESTRONGNARRATIVEANDSOCALLED”MODIFIEDBUTNOTGORGEOUS，PRISTINERATHERTHANROUGH”ACCORDINGTHECONTENTSANDFORMS，SHICHAOINMINGDYNASTYCANBEDIVIDEDINTOFIVECATEGORIESAB融GEDOLDHISTORYEXCERPTEDOLDHISTORYADOPTEDOLDHISTORYMONOLITHICHISTORICALBOOKSANDINSTRUMENTALBOOKS，ANNALSANDSOON。SHICHAOINMINGDYNASTYWITHITSCONCISENARRATIVE，SIMPLELANGUAGE，F(xiàn)ACTUALEXCERPTSANDSTRAIGHTNESS，USEDVARIOUSCOMPILINGFORMSINCLUDINGBIOGRAPHICALSTYLE，ANNALISTICSTYLE，CHRONICLESTYLENOTESTYLE，ANDFACTUALEXCERPTSALTHOUGHSHICHAOWASNOTCREATIVEATALL，ITCONTAINEDEDITORS‘RICHTHOUGHTSTOHISTORYANDHISTORIOGRAPHYINTHEWAYOFCONTENTCHOOSINGDIVIDINGANDNOTINGSOMEFOCUSEDONTHEFUNCTIONOFPERSONAGEINHISTORYSOMEEXPRESSEDTHEIRSTRONGORTHODOXYOTHERSFOCUSEDONEXCERPTINGOFHISTORIOGRAPHY’SIDEAS，ANDTHEOTHERSTRANSFERREDTHEIROWNKNOWLEDGEOFHISTORYEDUCATIONBYCOMPILINGMONOLITHICHISTORICALBOOKSANDINSTRUMENTALBOOKSTHESOCIALVALUEANDHISTORIOGRAPHYPOSITIONOFTHESHICHAOINMINGDYNASTYWEREEMBODIEDINPOPULARIZATIONANDPROTECTIONOFHISTORIOGRAPHYANDINEXPLORINGNEWHISTORICALSOURCESWHICHPROMOTEDTHESPREADANDPOPULARIZATIONOFHISTORIOGRAPHYINTODEEPERLEVELATTHATTIMEASSUREDLY’THEREWERELOTSOFDEFICIENCIESINSHICHAOINMINGDYNASTYANYHOWITHADITSOWNPLACEINHISTORIOGRAPHY’SDEVELOPMENTFORTHEYINDEEDPROMOTEDTHECHINESEANCIENTHISTORIOGRAPHY’SDEVELOPMENTINTODEEPERANDWIDERSOCIALSTAGES，ANDWASAKEYLINKTHATCANNOTBEIGNOREDILL

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簡(jiǎn)介：目的了解子宮肌瘤合并不孕、不良孕產(chǎn)史患者行高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲（HIFU）治療后的妊娠情況及分析影響妊娠的相關(guān)因素。方法回顧性研究分析2011年04月01至2014年11月01日重慶海扶醫(yī)院47例接受HIFU治療的子宮肌瘤合并不孕、不良孕產(chǎn)史患者的臨床資料。記錄患者的基本信息、孕產(chǎn)史、肌瘤特征、肌瘤消融率、HIFU治療強(qiáng)度、術(shù)后妊娠間隔時(shí)間、妊娠情況等。通過(guò)對(duì)比分析治療后妊娠組和未妊娠組患者的年齡、孕產(chǎn)史、肌瘤特征、肌瘤消融率、HIFU治療強(qiáng)度，探索影響HIFU治療后妊娠的因素。結(jié)果147例行子宮肌瘤HIFU治療的患者年齡2545歲，平均345±48歲。其中治療前不孕癥18例（383％）、自然流產(chǎn)26例（553）、死胎1例（21）、輔助生殖失敗2例（43）。247例患者中21例患者共妊娠24次，均為自然妊娠，總?cè)焉锫蕿?47（2147），其中活產(chǎn)率為833（2024）?；颊咴贖IFU治療后平均80±54個(gè)月受孕，714的患者治療后受孕時(shí)間小于6個(gè)月。至2016年02月05日21例患者中20例已分娩，1例處于孕中期（16周）。20例分娩患者中17例足月分娩，3例為早產(chǎn)。20例分娩的患者中2例（10）順產(chǎn)，18例（90）行剖宮產(chǎn)。新生兒均存活。均無(wú)子宮破裂發(fā)生。3年齡≤35歲的患者的術(shù)后妊娠率為615（1626）明顯高于年齡＞35歲患者的238（521），差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＜005）；在肌壁間肌瘤影響下，宮腔形態(tài)仍居中者治療后妊娠率667（1015），宮腔形態(tài)變形者治療后妊娠率30（620），差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＜005）；治療后妊娠組患者的肌瘤消融率中位數(shù)為90（80，98），而未妊娠組的為80（74，80），差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＜005）；妊娠組的治療強(qiáng)度平均為（51529±13686）秒小時(shí)，未妊娠組的為（64792±20950）秒小時(shí)，差異亦有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＜005）。而兩組患者的孕產(chǎn)史及肌瘤的數(shù)目、大小、位置差別無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞005）。結(jié)論對(duì)子宮肌瘤合并不孕、不良孕產(chǎn)史的患者行子宮肌瘤HIFU治療可改善妊娠結(jié)局。年齡＞35歲、肌壁間肌瘤致宮腔形態(tài)變形、低消融率、高HIFU治療強(qiáng)度不利于HIFU治療后患者妊娠。

簡(jiǎn)介：西北大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文數(shù)學(xué)史與數(shù)學(xué)教育整合的研究姓名馮振舉申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別博士專業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)史（數(shù)學(xué)史與數(shù)學(xué)教育）指導(dǎo)教師曲安京20070401ASTUDYONTHEINTEGRATIONOFHISTORYANDPEDAGOGYOFMATHEMATICSABSTRACTHISTORYANDPEDAGOGYOFMATHEMATICS，ABBREVIATEDTOHIM，HASBEENAWORLDWIDEINFLUENFIALMOVERNCNTSINCE1970SMANYHISTORIANANDTEACHERSOFMATHEMATICSAREATTRACTEDTOPAYMUCHATTONFIQNTOTHISFIELDUNFORTUNATELYATPRESENTALTHOUGHSCHOLARSINMAINLANDCHINAAREINTERESTEDVERYMUCHINIIPM，F(xiàn)EWPEOPLEMAKESERIOUSRESEARCHINTHISTOPICASYSTEMATICSTUDYONHPMISSIGNIFICANTNOTONLYTOTHEINVESTIGATIONOFMETHODONINTEGRATINGHISTORYANDEDUCATIONOFMATHEMAFICS’BUTALSOTOTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEPATTERNOFHPMTHEREFORETHEHISTORYCAUSES’ANDMETHODSOFINTEGRATINGHISTORYANDEDUCATIONOFN埔NMT刪CS讎INTRODUCEDINDETAILSBASEDONANALYZINGTHEMATERIALSINHOMEANDABROADARELATIVELYCOMPREHENSIVESTUDYOFHPMISMADETHEMAINRESULTSWEHAVEOBTAINEDINTHISPAPERALOASFOLLOWSNITTRACESTHEDEVELOPMENTOFHPMSYSTEMATICALLYANDPUTSFORWARDTHECONCEPTIONOFINTEGRATINGHISTORYANDEDUCATIONOFMATHEMATICSITINVESTIGATESTHENECESSITYOFHPMFROMTHERESEARCHPURPOSEOFHISTORYOFSCIENCEANDMATHEMATICSASWELLASTHEEDUCATIONALFUNCTIONOFLLISTORYOFMATHEMATICSFURTHERITEXPLORESANDANALYSESTHEREASONABLETHEORETICALBASESOFHPMAREGENETICAPPROACHANDCONSTRUCTIONISM21ITPROBESINTOALLTHEIEVELSOFOAUSESOFHPMFIRSTFROMTHENATU把OFMATHEMATICS，MATHEMATICSRESULTSFROMTHECONSTANTDEVELOPMENTOFHUMANACTIVITIESITISADYNAMICSCIENCESECOND，MATHEMATICSISONEPARTOFHUMANCULTUREESPECIALLYASITISMULTICULTURAL。LEADSTHATHISTORYOFMATHEMATICSISTHECXTLTIEROFCULTUREOFMATHEMATICS咖，MATHEMATICSISCLOSELYRELATEDTOOTHERSCIENCES，ANDITEMBODIESCONCRETELYINOTHERSCIENCESTHEREFORE，THESTUDYOFMATHEMATICSCANILLUSTRATETHEMULTICU／TURALISMOFMATHEMATICSANDMAKESTUDENTSNOLONGERREGARDMATHEMATICSASACOLDANDPURESCIENCE3ITMAKESACONCRETESTUDYONTHEMATHEMATICSTEACHINGFUNCTIONSOFHPM，ESPECIALLYTHATOFSTIMULATINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSTUDENTS’THINKINGBASEDONPIAGET’SGENETICEPISTEMOLOGYANDVYGOTSKY’SSEEIOCULTURALTHEORYITMAKESACONCRETESTUDY0NHOWTOOVERCOMETHESTUDENTS’COGNITIVEDI伍CULFIESANDHOWTOCONSTNLCTSTUDENTSKNOWLEDGEUNDERSPECIFICSOCIETYANDCULTUREFURTHERMORE，WITHCONCRETEEXAMPLES，ITEXPLAINSTHEFUNCTIONOFHPMUNDERTHEGENETICAPPROACHANDSOCIOCULRURALCONSTRUCTIONFROMTHEDEVELOPMENTOFMATHEMATICSCONCEPTIONANDSTUDENTS’MATHEMATICSTIFFNKINGSTYLES41ITPROBESINTOTHEMETHODSOFINTEGRATINGHISTORYANDEDUCATIONOFMATHEMATICSITINTRODUCESTHELLSEOFMATHEMATICSHISTORICALMATERIALSINCLUDINGHOWTOCHOOSETHEORIGINALANDSECONDHANDREFERENCEMATERIALSANDHOWTOUSETHEMINTOTEACHINGPROPERLYITALSOINTRODUCESHOWTOUSEMATHEMATICSHISTORICALMATERIALSDIRECTLYANDINDIRECTLYINCLASSANDHOWTOUSETHEMINCLASSACTIVITIESANDADVANCESTHEPATTERNANDSTRATCGYOFMATHEMATICSTEACHINGUNDERTHECONCEPTIONOFHPMRSUMMARIZESFOURN

簡(jiǎn)介：機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法在算法在肺腺癌肺腺癌患者患者吸煙吸煙史分類分類中的應(yīng)用的應(yīng)用APPLICATIONOFMACHINELEARNINGINSMOKINGRELATEDPATTERNRECOGNITIONFLUNGADENOCARCINOMAS學(xué)科專業(yè)化學(xué)工程研究生王世祥指導(dǎo)教師宋凱副教授企業(yè)導(dǎo)師王競(jìng)陽(yáng)高級(jí)工程師天津大學(xué)化工學(xué)院2016年5月中文中文摘要摘要隨著大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的來(lái)臨，海量數(shù)據(jù)的處理問(wèn)題已成為一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話題，而機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法的不斷發(fā)展與完善，為迎接大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的來(lái)臨奠定了基礎(chǔ)。目前，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域都得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，涉及到的領(lǐng)域包括化工過(guò)程控制、氣象數(shù)據(jù)分析、垃圾郵件的識(shí)別與過(guò)濾以及生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的分析研究等等。面對(duì)如此多的海量數(shù)據(jù)，尤其是高通量技術(shù)下產(chǎn)生的海量生物醫(yī)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)，如何排除噪聲信息的干擾，找出關(guān)鍵信息，提高機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法在癌癥相關(guān)研究領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的精度和效率是大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代面臨的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題之一。吸煙雖然是已知的最主要的肺癌致病因素，但統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明，肺腺癌患者中不吸煙患者的比例呈現(xiàn)逐年上升的趨勢(shì)。針對(duì)吸煙與不吸煙肺腺癌患者發(fā)病機(jī)理等差異性的研究逐漸成為世界范圍廣泛關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。本文基于吸煙相關(guān)肺腺癌患者全基因組基因表達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)、甲基化數(shù)據(jù)，以TCGA數(shù)據(jù)為訓(xùn)練集，EDRN數(shù)據(jù)為獨(dú)立測(cè)試集，創(chuàng)新性地結(jié)合了多種降維和變量篩選的方法，分別從基因表達(dá)差異性、生物相關(guān)性以及差異分類重要性等多方面綜合篩選候選基因集，并通過(guò)偏最小二乘（PLS）的多重迭代優(yōu)化分類當(dāng)前吸煙從不吸煙樣本，識(shí)別出真正的關(guān)鍵特征基因，從而為揭示吸煙與肺腺癌發(fā)生之間的關(guān)系以及不吸煙肺腺癌的患病機(jī)理奠定基礎(chǔ)，為從基因組水平和分子生物學(xué)水平揭示吸煙與不吸煙肺腺癌患者的差異提供依據(jù)。最終應(yīng)用本文所提出的方法，共確定43個(gè)基因表達(dá)特征基因以及48個(gè)甲基化特征基因，達(dá)到了較高的分類精度，訓(xùn)練集精度分別為792以及875，獨(dú)立測(cè)試集精度分別為863以及764。同時(shí)，特征基因代謝通路分析表明，這些特征基因大多數(shù)與癌癥的發(fā)生發(fā)展以及生物功能、細(xì)胞發(fā)育等都有著密切的聯(lián)系，更為重要的是，部分特征基因?qū)Ψ伟┓蜗侔┑闹匾绊懸驯粚?shí)驗(yàn)所驗(yàn)證。與已有的研究成果相比，本文所提出的方法在模式識(shí)別的精度上更具有優(yōu)勢(shì)，顯示了獨(dú)特的優(yōu)越性。本文還對(duì)拷貝數(shù)變異數(shù)據(jù)的上述應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了研究，取得了初步成績(jī)。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)；模式識(shí)別；肺腺癌；吸煙史；全基因組