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簡介：PANTUNESETALEDSCRIWG2013,LNCS8224,PP94–109,2013?SPRINGERVERLAGBERLINHEIDELBERG2013ATHEORETICALMODELOFUSERENGAGEMENTINCROWDSOURCINGTRIPARNADEVREEDE1,CUONGNGUYEN1,GERTJANDEVREEDE1,IMEDBOUGHZALA2,ONOOKOH1,ANDRONIREITERPALMON11THECENTERFORCOLLABORATIONSCIENCE,UNIVERSITYOFNEBRASKAATOMAHA,USA{TDEVREEDE,CDNGUYEN,GDEVREEDE,RREITERPALMON}UNOMAHAEDU,ONOOKOHGMAILCOM2TELECOMECOLEDEMANAGEMENTINSTITUTMINESTELECOMIMEDBOUGHZALATELECOMEMEUABSTRACTSOCIALMEDIATECHNOLOGYHASENABLEDVIRTUALCOLLABORATIVEENVIRONMENTSWHEREPEOPLEACTIVELYINTERACT,SHAREKNOWLEDGE,COORDINATEACTIVITIES,SOLVEPROBLEMS,COCREATEVALUE,ANDINNOVATEORGANIZATIONSHAVEBEGUNTOLEVERAGEAPPROACHESANDTECHNOLOGIESTOINVOLVENUMEROUSPEOPLEFROMOUTSIDETHEIRBOUNDARIESTOPERFORMORGANIZATIONALTASKSDESPITETHESUCCESSANDPOPULARITYOFTHIS‘CROWDSOURCING’PHENOMENON,THEREAPPEARSTOBEADISTINCTGAPINTHELITERATUREREGARDINGTHEEMPIRICALEVALUATIONOFTHEFACTORSINVOLVEDINACROWDSOURCINGUSEREXPERIENCETHISPAPERAIMSTOFILLTHISVOIDBYPROPOSINGATHEORETICALMODELOFTHEANTECEDENTSANDTHEIRRELATIONSHIPSFORCROWDSOURCINGUSERENGAGEMENTITISDEFINEDASTHEQUALITYOFEFFORTONLINEUSERSDEVOTETOCOLLABORATIONACTIVITIESTHATCONTRIBUTEDIRECTLYTODESIREDOUTCOMESDRAWINGFROMRESEARCHINPSYCHOLOGYANDIS,WEIDENTIFYTHREECRITICALELEMENTSTHATPRECEDECROWDSOURCINGUSERENGAGEMENTPERSONALINTERESTINTOPIC,GOALCLARITY,ANDMOTIVATIONTOCONTRIBUTETHISPAPEREXAMINESTHETHEORETICALBASISOFTHESEVARIABLESOFINTERESTINDETAIL,DERIVESACAUSALMODELOFTHEIRINTERRELATIONSHIPS,ANDIDENTIFIESFUTUREPLANSFORMODELTESTINGKEYWORDSCROWDSOURCING,ENGAGEMENT,OPENCOLLABORATION,MOTIVATION,SOCIALMEDIA1INTRODUCTIONTHEADVENTOFSOCIALWEBTECHNOLOGIESHASMADEITFEASIBLEFORBUSINESSES,NONPROFITS,ANDTHEGOVERNMENTTOENGAGELARGENUMBERSOFINTERNETUSERSINPERFORMINGORGANIZATIONALTASKSTHISPHENOMENONISPOPULARLYKNOWNBYTHETERM“CROWDSOURCING”HOWE,2006THEREAREMANYEXAMPLESOFCROWDSOURCINGINITIATIVESACROSSVARIOUSDOMAINSSUCHASMEDICINENORMANETAL,2011,JOURNALISMFITT,2011,ARTCASAL,2011,FINANCEBELLEFLAMMEETAL,2010,ANDGOVERNMENTBOMMERT,2010THEPOPULARITYOFCROWDSOURCINGCANBEEXPLAINEDBYANUMBEROFITSPERCEIVEDADVANTAGESCROWDSOURCINGPROVIDESALOWCOSTANDSCALABLEWAYTOACCESSIDEASTHATMIGHTBEDIFFICULTOREXPENSIVETOOBTAININTERNALLYCOX,2011ITCANALSOREDUCEBIASINCOLLECTIVEDECISIONMAKINGCOMPAREDWITHSMALLTEAMSDUETOTHECROWD’S96TDEVREEDEETALBASEDONSTUDIESFOUNDINTHEPSYCHOLOGYANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMSLITERATUREFINALLY,WEDISCUSSTHETHEORETICALANDPRACTICALIMPLICATIONSOFOURMODELANDBRIEFLYDESCRIBEFUTUREPLANSTOTESTTHISMODELTHROUGHLABORATORYEXPERIMENTSANDFIELDSTUDIES2CROWDSOURCINGBACKGROUNDRECENTLY,CROWDSOURCINGHASBEENABUZZWORDBOTHINPUBLICMEDIAANDACADEMIADESPITETHEPOPULARITYOFTHETERM,DIFFERENTUNDERSTANDINGSOFITSMEANINGACROSSTHELITERATUREEXISTESTELLESAROLASGONZALEZLADRONDEGUEVARA2012FOUND40DIFFERENTDEFINITIONSOFCROWDSOURCINGINTHELITERATURETHEMOSTPOPULARDEFINITIONCOMESFROMJEFFHOWE,WHOCOINEDTHETERMHOWE2006P1CONSIDERSCROWDSOURCINGASASPECIALFORMOFOUTSOURCINGANDDEFINESITAS“THEACTOFTAKINGAJOBTRADITIONALLYPERFORMEDBYADESIGNATEDAGENTUSUALLYANEMPLOYEEANDOUTSOURCINGITTOANUNDEFINED,GENERALLYLARGEGROUPOFPEOPLEINTHEFORMOFANOPENCALL”INCONTRAST,BRABHAM2008PERCEIVESCROWDSOURCINGASACOLLABORATIVEPROBLEMSOLVINGANDCOPRODUCTIONMODELFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFONLINEWORKERS,HEERBOSTOK2010P1UNDERSTANDCROWDSOURCINGAS“ARELATIVELYNEWPHENOMENONINWHICHWEBWORKERSCOMPLETEONEORMORESMALLTASKS,OFTENFORMICROPAYMENTSONTHEORDEROF001TO010PERTASK”WHILEDIFFERENTDEFINITIONSEXTENDOURUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEPHENOMENON,INCONSISTENTCONCEPTUALIZATIONSOFTHETERMCANLEADTOCONFUSIONINIDENTIFYINGWHICHAPPLICATIONSARECROWDSOURCINGANDWHICHARENOTFOREXAMPLE,HUBERMANETAL2009CONSIDERYOUTUBEASCROWDSOURCING,WHILEKLEEMANETAL2008DONOTCROWDSOURCINGCANALSOBEEASILYCONFUSEDWITHOTHERRELATEDWEB20PHENOMENA,SUCHASSOCIALNETWORKING,COMMUNITIESOFPRACTICEORSOCIALCOMMERCE,BECAUSEONTHESURFACEALLOFTHEMINVOLVEINTERACTIONANDPARTICIPATIONOFINDIVIDUALSTHROUGHTHEWEBITISALSONECESSARYTODISTINGUISHCROWDSOURCINGFROMOPENINNOVATION,USERINNOVATION,ANDOPENSOURCEAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTCOMPAREDWITHOPENINNOVATION,CROWDSOURCINGHASAWIDERSCOPEOFAPPLICATIONSNOTONLYINNOVATIONPROCESSESANDCONCERNSWITHTHEINTERACTIONBETWEENTHEFIRMANDANONLINECROWDRATHERTHANBETWEENFIRMSSCHENKGUITTARD,2009USERINNOVATIONALSODIFFERSFROMCROWDSOURCINGINTHATITISINITIATEDBYUSERSWHILE,INCROWDSOURCING,ITISINITIATEDBYAFIRMSCHENKGUITTARD,2009SCHENKGUITTARD2009ALSOARGUETHATOPENSOURCEAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTISASPECIFICAPPLICATIONOFCROWDSOURCING,RATHERTHANATHEORETICALCONCEPTINITSOWNRIGHTINTHISPAPERWEFOLLOWTHEDEFINITIONBYHOWE2006BECAUSEINOUROPINION,ITCAPTURESTHEMOSTUNIQUECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEPHENOMENONTHATIS,ACROWDSOURCINGINITIATIVESHOULDHAVETHEFOLLOWINGTHREEELEMENTS1USERSAREPRODUCERS,NOTONLYCONSUMERSTHEROLEOFONLINEUSERSASPRODUCERSINCROWDSOURCINGAPPLICATIONSISACRITICALDISTINCTIONBETWEENCROWDSOURCINGANDSOCIALCOMMERCESAXTONETAL,2013ACOMMONFEATUREACROSSSOCIALECOMMERCEWEBSITESISTHATONLINEUSERSGOTOTHESITESTOCONSUMEFINISHEDPRODUCTSORSERVICESOFFEREDBYFIRMSFOREXAMPLE,ONLINEUSERSACCESSNIKECOMTOBUYORGAINMOREINFORMATIONABOUTNIKEPRODUCTSPROVIDEDBYOTHERUSERSINCONTRAST,INCROWDSOURCING,ONLINEUSERSCONTRIBUTETOTHEPRO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簡介：1中文中文6600字,3500單詞，單詞，21萬英文字符萬英文字符出處出處GHORBANZADEHM,TAGHVAEISHAPATTERNFORECOPARKDESIGNINBESHGHARDASHLANDSCAPEJCIêNCIAENATURA,2015,37225236目錄摘要錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤未定義書簽。未定義書簽。目錄11引言32環(huán)境和項(xiàng)目的背景33環(huán)境舉措和“生態(tài)景觀設(shè)計(jì)”44環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)和生態(tài)園策略的起源55生態(tài)園的環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)模式56設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)761環(huán)境保護(hù)7611種植本土植物7612森林項(xiàng)目的分水嶺劃分7613水資源保護(hù)762環(huán)境發(fā)展7621利用可持續(xù)材料7622最有效的利用該地區(qū)的水資源8623利用健康能源的項(xiàng)目863滿足人類需求和娛樂環(huán)境8631教學(xué)環(huán)境問題8632環(huán)境展示8633財(cái)政資源864符合條件的兼容性9641重視當(dāng)?shù)鼐包c(diǎn)9642重視歷史和文化特點(diǎn)97結(jié)論931引言據(jù)顯示，地球正經(jīng)歷環(huán)境危機(jī)。這場危機(jī)的三大主題是人類人口的迅速增長及其相關(guān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)；不可再生和可再生資源的枯竭；對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生物多樣性造成廣泛和嚴(yán)重的傷害。1234在這種危急的情況下，科學(xué)和藝術(shù)的學(xué)科有責(zé)任提新的方法來解決或至少減少這方面的問題。如今建筑和景觀建筑藝術(shù)的知識(shí)與眾多學(xué)科跨越連接，雖然景觀設(shè)計(jì)可以是一個(gè)焦點(diǎn)，但同樣的環(huán)境保護(hù)學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家和環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)師的方法往往是同樣有效。同時(shí)，如伊朗這樣擁有傳統(tǒng)和特殊文化的一些國家，他們的建筑環(huán)境和定居點(diǎn)是遵循其珍貴的文化價(jià)值和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的信念的表達(dá)。因此，需要一個(gè)新的詞匯來表達(dá)不同的設(shè)計(jì)理念和方法，這在可持續(xù)建筑和生態(tài)景觀的討論中變得非常明顯。其中除了最佳的潛力，從文章中得出是發(fā)現(xiàn)自然潛力，比如生態(tài)園區(qū)各種有用的功能。這樣的地方，是在重視環(huán)境和娛樂的基礎(chǔ)上，來實(shí)現(xiàn)城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展。了解以下幾點(diǎn)建議是必不可少的“設(shè)定所有項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)并且達(dá)到它，使其與經(jīng)濟(jì)要求相適應(yīng)；與其他方案的協(xié)調(diào)性；適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和管理的使用，同時(shí)給予娛樂、教育功能的可行性；生態(tài)公園的發(fā)展要通過環(huán)境保護(hù)行業(yè)和可再生能源行業(yè)的一致行動(dòng)。它構(gòu)成了相關(guān)的環(huán)保技術(shù)和服務(wù)，特別是可再生能源產(chǎn)業(yè)及其產(chǎn)品”5。因此，發(fā)展中國家的政府和專業(yè)人士認(rèn)為保護(hù)、恢復(fù)，并根據(jù)地環(huán)境的潛力制定指令。在本文中，已完成位于伊朗東北部BESHQARDASH景觀生態(tài)園研究調(diào)查，這個(gè)BESHQARDASH生態(tài)公園區(qū)域具有很多的功能，本文試著引入BESHQARDASH區(qū)域及其自然潛能，作者考慮的基本原則和生態(tài)公園的目標(biāo)。同時(shí)，研究適合生態(tài)公園設(shè)計(jì)模式的生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)方法以及本土景觀的調(diào)查。在這個(gè)過程中，從本土研究到隱性的建筑知識(shí)以及景觀到現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的巨大的范圍跨度。從研究本土建筑及景觀引用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和科學(xué)的研究隱性知識(shí)的巨大范圍，相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)是實(shí)質(zhì)性的。得到其中一些為保護(hù)環(huán)境所提出來的理論人與自然，可持續(xù)發(fā)展和生態(tài)范式的關(guān)系。此外，學(xué)習(xí)和調(diào)查世界上3個(gè)生態(tài)園案例，有針對性的提出調(diào)整意見，對半干旱地區(qū)的生態(tài)園提出在設(shè)計(jì)每個(gè)階段的原則。講述的案例中，是環(huán)境在適應(yīng)該地區(qū)的文化和社會(huì)特征之后得到一個(gè)的模式，這個(gè)模式有效地維護(hù)以及恢復(fù)自然潛力和發(fā)展環(huán)境。2環(huán)境和項(xiàng)目的背景BESHGHARDASH的命名來自今天歷史悠久的純天然區(qū)域BESHGHARDASH公園，位于伊朗東北（見圖1）部博瓊德（北呼證

簡介：中文中文4700字出處出處ANTHOPOULOSKPETROS1,JULIANGEORGI2LANDSCAPEPREFERENCEEVALUATIONFORHOSPITALENVIRONMENTALDESIGNJJOURNALOFENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION,2011,2,639647對醫(yī)院環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)景觀傾向的評價(jià)對醫(yī)院環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)景觀傾向的評價(jià)EVALUATIONOFLANDSCAPEORIENTATIONINHOSPITALENVIRONMENTDESIGN學(xué)部（院）建筑與藝術(shù)學(xué)院專業(yè)環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師完成日期對醫(yī)院環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)景觀傾向的評價(jià)11。自中世紀(jì)以來，醫(yī)院在修道院等領(lǐng)域使用的修道院花園來治療和療養(yǎng)12。病人的房間有一個(gè)醫(yī)院花園的視圖，可以使病人享受于光、小湖、季節(jié)性花卉、休息區(qū)域或人行道。薩拉戈薩醫(yī)院是一個(gè)這樣的例子，它在西班牙，建于1409年，景觀設(shè)計(jì)師的靈感來自于那個(gè)時(shí)代，特別是他考慮到病人的相互作用。這就是19世紀(jì)所謂的為“倫理療法”。在薩拉戈薩醫(yī)院，病人不關(guān)在自己的房間。相反，醫(yī)院的花園是用于治療的，患者進(jìn)行交流一般有另一個(gè)整天可以在戶外的空間12。后來，在1860年，弗洛倫斯南丁格爾贊揚(yáng)通風(fēng)和新鮮空氣以及消除不必要的噪音，適當(dāng)?shù)恼彰?，溫暖，干凈的水的“最佳護(hù)理”效應(yīng)11。與此形成鮮明對比的是，在17世紀(jì)美國醫(yī)院正在為病人提供糟糕的環(huán)境。建筑物小，房間沒有窗戶，沒有花園，并且對精神病患者的治療有“在樁上捆綁病人”或使用一種“絞刑架”13。18世紀(jì)歐洲浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)是醫(yī)院在設(shè)施和場地設(shè)計(jì)方面有許多重要的變化的原因。醫(yī)學(xué)治療的理論加之存在于自然環(huán)境中的醫(yī)院在興起。浪漫主義是一種“針對人類情感的統(tǒng)一與道德和自然彌漫文化的運(yùn)動(dòng)，”庫珀馬庫斯14提到，在18世紀(jì)，多蘿西婭林德迪克斯18021887是第一個(gè)有興趣，通過擴(kuò)展醫(yī)院環(huán)境修改病人的治療方法的人。她提出了一些基本的原則，美國議會(huì)立法在關(guān)于區(qū)域安排這些機(jī)構(gòu)。然而，在20世紀(jì)，醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)的進(jìn)步和技術(shù)的發(fā)展的同時(shí)，城市化和其他經(jīng)濟(jì)因素導(dǎo)致了許多醫(yī)院忽視外部區(qū)域15。在歐洲很多醫(yī)院在治療程序中增加了一個(gè)稱為“園藝療法”方法園藝，旨在“保持患者的心態(tài)遠(yuǎn)離災(zāi)難并驅(qū)動(dòng)它進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性行動(dòng)”12。園藝療法從職業(yè)治療開始發(fā)展，并于1950年在美國成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的專業(yè)。一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)良好的醫(yī)院花園可以提供了安全感、減少壓力、社會(huì)接觸和互動(dòng)，滋養(yǎng)，游客可以享受自然和可以幫助開發(fā)感官，但不能開發(fā)環(huán)境內(nèi)的一個(gè)城市的結(jié)構(gòu)9。1212大自然的好處大自然的好處幾項(xiàng)研究非病人組的結(jié)果顯示，即使是視覺短暫的遇到真實(shí)的或模擬自然環(huán)境在短短35分鐘也能引起顯著的心理生理的恢復(fù)61618。這個(gè)恢復(fù)表現(xiàn)為負(fù)面影響減少，高度積極的影響和生理系統(tǒng)的變化，說明有減少覺醒或應(yīng)力動(dòng)員電、心血管、神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌和肌肉骨骼17。因此，謝爾曼關(guān)注用戶在醫(yī)院的活動(dòng)19，發(fā)現(xiàn)66的員工使用花園的形式是從一個(gè)地方“演練”到另一個(gè)。雖然這個(gè)活動(dòng)不充分利用園林的全部能力，如卡普蘭在研究經(jīng)驗(yàn)中表明20，即使是這些短暫的邂逅也可能提高員工的福利和工作滿意度，這兩者都預(yù)測病人醫(yī)療滿意度21。此外，道格拉斯和道格拉斯基于定性和定量方法調(diào)查病人的看法22。從問卷調(diào)查

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簡介：2500單詞，單詞，14500英文字符，英文字符，4150漢字漢字出處出處TATEWL,ELLRAMLM,DOOLEYKJENVIRONMENTALPURCHASINGANDSUPPLIERMANAGEMENTEPSMTHEORYANDPRACTICEJJOURNALOFPURCHASINGENVIRONMENTALSUPPLIERSUSTAINABILITYCONTENTANALYSISCORPORATESUSTAINABILITYREPORTING1INTRODUCTIONBUSINESSLEADERSWORLDBUSINESSCOUNCILONSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTWBCSD,2007,GOVERNMENTBROWN,2008,SPECIALINTERESTGROUPSDEUTSCH,2008,ANDMANAGERIALEDUCATORSCHRISTENSENETAL,2007AREALLCALLINGFORINCREASEDATTENTIONTOTHEENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCEOFBUSINESSESHISTORICALLY,BOTHRESEARCHERSANDPRACTITIONERSHAVECONSIDEREDTHEFIRM’SREQUIREMENTTOMINIMIZEITSENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASPARTOFAFIRM’SCORPORATESOCIALRESPONSIBILITY,ANDTHUSRESEARCHERSTHEORIZEDTHATFIRMSHADRESPONSIBILITYFORTHEENVIRONMENTOUTOFETHICALOBLIGATIONDESJARDINS,1998ZADEK,1998TODAYTHEREISGROWINGRECOGNITIONTHATTHEREAREEXPLICITLINKAGESBETWEENAFIRM’SENVIRONMENTALPRACTICESANDITSOVERALLBUSINESSPERFORMANCEKLASSENANDWHYBARK,1999ZHUANDSARKIS,2004REUTERETAL,2010HOLLOSETAL,2012INASURVEYCONDUCTEDBYATKEARNEYANDTHEINSTITUTEFORSUPPLYMANAGEMENTISM,60OFTHEPARTICIPANTSHADADOCUMENTEDCORPORATELEVELSUSTAINABILITYSTRATEGYISM,2007MANYORGANIZATIONSALSOVIEWSUSTAINABILITYASANOPPORTUNITYTOENHANCEBRANDPROMISESANDBUILDGOODWILLAMONGSTENVIRONMENTALLYCONSCIOUSCONSUMERSCOOLING,2007THUS,FIRMSAREINCREASINGLYENGAGINGINENVIRONMENTALPRACTICESNOTJUSTBECAUSEITISTHE‘‘RIGHT’’THINGTODO,BUTALSOBECAUSEITPROVIDESAMEANSTOEITHERMINIMIZECOSTSORINCREASEREVENUESINTHEUNUSUALSITUATIONOFFULLVERTICALINTEGRATION,AFIRM’SENVIRONMENTALIMPACTISCOMPLETELYWITHINITSOWNCONTROLINREALITY,MANYOFTHEFIRM’SOPERATIONSAREOUTSOURCEDTOSUPPLIERS,WHICHIMPLIESTHATTHEFIRM’SAGGREGATEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTALSODEPENDSONTHEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFTHEMEMBERSOFITSSUPPLYNETWORKIN2010,THETOTALCOSTOFMATERIALSMADEUPABOUT593OFTHEVALUEOFTHEFIRM’SREVENUEINTHEUSMANUFACTURINGSECTORUSCENSUSBUREAU,2009TOTHEEXTENTTHATOUTSOURCEDORPURCHASEDMATERIALSANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFPRACTICES,ANDHOWRESEARCHINTHEAREACOMPARESTOPRACTICEEPSMISDEFINEDHEREASTHEINTEGRATIONOFENVIRONMENTALCRITERIAINTOTHESELECTIONOFSUPPLIERSANDDISTRIBUTORS,ANDTHEBUYER’SSUBSEQUENTREQUIREMENTSANDEVALUATIONSOFSUPPLIERSRELATEDTOTHATSUPPLIER’SENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCETHEREARESEVERALBENEFITSFORTHCOMINGFROMTHISRESEARCHFIRST,CONTENTANALYSISOFTHEENVIRONMENTALREPORTSPROVIDESINDEPTHINFORMATIONONCURRENTPRACTICESINEPSMTHATTHEREPORTINGCOMPANIESVIEWASBEINGOFGREATESTINTERESTSECOND,THISRESEARCHPROVIDESACOMPREHENSIVESTATEOFTHELITERATUREONEPSMPRIORREVIEWSOFTHEENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITYLITERATURELIKETHOSEMENTIONEDABOVEHAVEFOCUSEDONTHEBROADERAREAOFSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT,RATHERTHANTHEMOREFOCUSEDAREAOFEPSMTHUS,THISRESEARCHUSESMULTIPLEMETHODSANDDATASOURCESTOTRIANGULATETHECONCLUSIONS,PROVIDINGAMOREBALANCEDANDHOLISTICPERSPECTIVERESEARCHUSINGMULTIPLESOURCESOFEVIDENCEHASBEENCALLEDFORINLEADINGSUPPLYCHAINJOURNALSBOYERANDSWINK,2008CARTER,20082MANAGINGTHEGREENSUPPLYCHAINCURRENTRESEARCHINORDERTOUNDERSTANDTHECURRENTSTATEOFEPSMRESEARCH,ASYSTEMATICLITERATUREREVIEWINTHESTYLEOUTLINEDBYDENYERANDNEELY2004,CROWTHERANDCOOK2007ANDKITCHENHAMANDCHARTERS2007,ANDEXECUTEDBYCARTERANDEASTON2011ANDGOLDETAL2010ISPERFORMEDPLEASESEEAPPENDIX1FORTHEDETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHEDATAGATHERINGANDCONTENTANALYSISPROCESSANDAPPENDIX2FORALISTOFARTICLESINCLUDEDASPARTOFTHEANALYSISTHEPURPOSEOFTHISASSESSMENTOFTHELITERATUREWASTOBETTERUNDERSTANDWHATTYPESOFSUPPLIERRELATEDENVIRONMENTALPURCHASINGPRACTICESWEREDISCUSSEDINTHELITERATURE,SOANINCLUSIVEAPPROACHTOIDENTIFYINGSCHOLARLYARTICLESWASUSEDTHEFIRST100ENTRIESFOREACHOFTHEKEYWORDCOMBINATIONSSHOWNINTABLEA1WEREASSESSEDRESEARCHERSSCANNEDAPPROXIMATELY33,000ENTRIESSEARCHINGFORARTICLESTHATFOCUSEDONTHENATURALENVIRONMENTANDINCLUDEDTHEWORDSUPPLIERINTHEABSTRACTORASAKEYWORDTHEINITIALSEARCHYIELDEDOVER5000ARTICLES,OFWHICH279APPEAREDTOBEPOTENTIALLYRELEVANTOFTHESEPOTENTIALLYRELEVANTARTICLES,THEANALYSISPROCESSREVEALEDTHAT126OFTHE279ARTICLESMENTIONED‘‘SUPPLIER’’ORRELATEDTERMSINONLYAPERIPHERALWAY,BUTDIDNOTACTUALLYPERTAINTOSUPPLIERRELATEDISSUESBEYONDAMENTIONTHEREMAINING152ARTICLESAREDISCUSSEDINTHESECTIONSBELOW21PUBLICATIONPATTERNSTABLE1PROVIDESASUMMARYOFTHEMAJORSUBJECTAREAANDOUTLETSWHERETHEARTICLESHAVEBEENPUBLISHED,SHOWNINBROADCATEGORIESTHISTABLEILLUSTRATESTHATFEWJOURNALSHAVEPUBLISHEDMORETHANTWOENVIRONMENTALARTICLESRELATEDSPECIFICALLYTOENVIRONMENTALSUPPLIERISSUESRELATIVELYFEWARTICLESDEALINGWITHISSUESRELATEDTOTHESUPPLIERINTHEENVIRONMENTHAVEBEENPUBLISHEDINPREMIEREQUALITYJOURNALS,ASDEFINEDBYTHEFINANCIALTIMESLISTFINANCIALTIMES,2012THEVASTMAJORITYOFSUCHARTICLESHAVEBEENPUBLISHEDINARELATIVELYEQUALMIXOFENVIRONMENTALLYORIENTEDJOURNALS,INTERNATIONALJOURNALS,ANDJOURNALSNOTINCLUDEDONTHEFINANCIALTIMESLISTTHETOPICOFGREENEPSMHASRECEIVEDTHEMOSTATTENTION,FOLLOWEDBYINVESTIGATIONSOFSUPPLIERINVOLVEMENTINEPSMANDGREENSUPPLIERSELECTIONANDSUPPLIERMANAGEMENTARELATEDTOPICTHATISJUSTBEGINNINGTOEMERGEISREQUIRINGSUPPLIERSTOFOLLOWCODESOFCONDUCTFOURAREASARETIEDINCLUDINGSTAKEHOLDERINFLUENCE,MODELING,PURCHASING’SROLEANDPERFORMANCEIMPACTSWHICHWEREAROUND11EACHOFTHEARTICLESSTUDIEDTHEMODELINGARTICLESWEREINCLUDEDASASEPARATECATEGORYBECAUSETHENATUREOFTHERESEARCHWASVE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