簡(jiǎn)介：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文自然科學(xué)與哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性研究姓名王梅申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)馬克思主義理論與思想政治教育指導(dǎo)教師吳兆雪20060501中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文自然科學(xué)與哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性研究ABSTRACTBECAUSENATURALSCIENCEWASPARTIALLYSEENASANAUTHORITYSINCEMODERNAGE，ITCAUSEDANOUTBREAKOFASERIESOFGLOBAIISSUES．PRACTICEMADEPEOPLEKNOWNTHATIFNATURAISCIENCEANDPHILOSOPHYANDSOCIALSCIENCEWERECOMPLETELYCONTRARYANDSEPARATE，ITISHI曲LYDISADVANTAGEOUSTOBOTHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSCIENCEANDSOCIETY．THEREFORE．ITGRADUALLYBECAMEWELLKNOWNTHATWEMUSTSTRENGTHENTHECOMMUNICATIONANDEXCHANGEBETWEEN“TWOCULTURES”．ACCORDINGTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTIMESANDTHECONDITIONSOFOURCOUNTRY,OURPARTYANDGOVERNMENTPUTFORWARDALLIMPORTANTSTRATEGICCONCEP卜一“PHILOSOPHYANDSOCIALSCIENCEANDNATURALSCIENCEAREEQUALLYIMPORTANT”．BUTTOTRULYUNDERSTANDPHILOSOPHYANDSOCIALSCIENCEANDNATURALSCIENCEARE“EQUALLYIMPORTANT’．THEKEYIST0MAKESURETHEINTRINSICUNITYOFNATURALSCIENCEANDPHILOSOPHYANDSOCIALSCIENCEFROMTHEINTEGRATIONOFTHEORYANDPRACTICE．ANDTHISISTHEPROBLEMEXPLOREDBYTHISPAPER．TOFULLYANDSCIENTIFICALLYSTUDYTHEINTRINSICUNITYOFNATURALSCIENCEANDPHILOSOPHYANDSOCIALSCIENCE，THISPAPERHASALWAYSADHEREDTOTHEMARXISTTHEORYASAGUIDE，PRESERVEDTHELⅡL時(shí)OFSCIENTIFICSPIDTANDHUMANISTICSPIRITASABASICRULE，ANDCLOSELYCONNECTEDWITHTHEREALITYOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSCIENCEANDSOCIETY．ANDTHENFROMTHEORETICALANDAPPLIEDASPECTS，THISPAPERPROBEDINTOTHEINTRINSICUNITYOFNATURALSCIENCEANDPHILOSOPHYANDSOCIALSCIENCE．FIRST，F(xiàn)ROMTHEANGLEOFHISTORICALDEVELOPMENTOFNATURALSCIENCEANDPHILOSOPHYANDSOCIALSCIENCETHISPAPERDREWOUTITISANECESSARYDEMANDFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSCIENCEANDSOCIETYTOC00RDINATELYDEVELOPTHETWOSCIENCES．ANDTHENFROMMANYTHEORETICALANGLESSUCHASCULTURALSPIRITSSCIENTIFICSPIRITANDHUMANISTICSPIRIT，SCIENTIFICRESEARCHACTIVITIESANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSCIENCE，THISPAPERPROFOUNDLYEXPLOREDTHEINTRINSICUNITYOFNATURALSCIENCEANDPHILOSOPHYANDSOCIALSCIENCE．FINALLY,BASEDOATHEUNJTYOFHISTORICALANDLOGICALRESEARCH，THISPAPERPUTFORWARDITISNECESSARYTORELYOILTHECOMBINATIONANDINTEGRATIONOFTHETWOSCIENCESFORTHECOORDINATEDEVELOPMENTOFFUTURESCIENCEANDTHEHARMONIOUSDEVELOPMENTOFHUMANSOEIETYATAHIGTLERSTARTINGPOINT．ANDFROMTWOASDECTSSOCIAJENVIRONMENTANDTHEINTERNALRELATIONSOFSCIENCE，THISPAPEREXPLOREDHOWTOEFFICIENTLYDUTTHEINTRINSICUNITYOFNATURALSCIENCEANDPHILOSOPHYANDSOCIALSEIANCEINTOPRACTICE．KEYWORDSNATURALSCIENCE；PHILOSOPHYANDSOCIALSCIENCE；THEINTRINSICUNITY

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簡(jiǎn)介：大連理工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文伽利略科學(xué)方法論研究姓名任真申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)哲學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師王子彥20091201伽利略科學(xué)方法論研究STUDYONGALILEO’SSCIENTIFICMEMODOLOGYABSTRACTA心NLEF0吼DEROFMODEMEXPERIRN∞TALPHYSICS，GALILE0’SCO硎B砸0NT0MEDEVELOPMENTOFSCIENCE，A∞NOTOIDYIMPORT趿T吐L儀M即1S齜LDTLLESPECIAL抽L(zhǎng)V既LTIO瑪BUTALSOLLIS印OCHMALII培SCI礎(chǔ)FICIDE嬲觚DSCI既嶇16ICMEMODS．AIISTONE’SLAW，WHICHISGETTINGT11ERE笛0NBYSENSE，W嬲R印LACED謝THGALILEO’SME吐LODT11ATIS璐I119血E0BSERY撕ON蛆DEXPERIMENT，APPLYINGMODEMSCIENTIJ6ICMETHODT0MECHAILICS他SEA“IH．1LLP刪CULAR，HEO唱AILICALLYCOMBIILEDMEMANL鋤ATICALMETL】【ODSWI也EXP咖ENTALMETHODS，觚DDAIMEDMATSCIENCEISTHEUNDER鼬眥DINGOFNATU【REANDH眥觚．GALILC0’SSCI訓(xùn)6CT11IIL玉【INGC0INPLETEDAM句ORLE印F0聊ARDTOMEHUM觚疵．MD，ANDLLISSCICILTI丘CSPIRITPROMOTED也EACC0MPLISHM∞TOF“C0PEMIC峭REVOLUTION，’，ANDLLISSCIENTI6CMEMODB00STED也ER印IDDEVELOPMENTOFSCIENTI6CCO嘶TION．RESE砌LONMEBACK伊0UNDOFGALILE0’SSCIE而FICM甜10DOLOGY，CONTENT觚DITSCONTRIB嘶0N，H嬲髓ILLLPORTANT鰣DII瑁SI911I6C鋤CE．THEPUIPOSEOFNLISRESEARCH，BY也EEXCAVATIONOFPRE訪OUSWORK，ANALYZESMEBACKGROUNDOFGALILE0’SSCIEIL讎ICMEMODOLOG，ANDGAJILE0’SSCI訓(xùn)丘CME廿10D舶MDI儂∞NTLEVEL，鋤D汕衄EDUP吐璩HISTORICALSI班JFICAILCEOFGALILE0’SSCICILTIFICMETLLODOLOGY趾DPRACTICALSI鰣6C趴CE．111EMESISISMADEUPOFFOURP砒SCHAM盯ITHERCSEARCHBACKGROUI】【D雒DLIFEOFGALILE0ISIN_H。ODUCED．CH印T盯IIB嬲ED0NHTER狐玎E趾ALYSISMEMOD，TLLEBACK伊0UNDOFGALILE0SCIENTIFICMETHODOLOGYISPR鏹ENTED，IILCLUDII培MEPREVIOUSMATLLEMATICSANDSEPARATEEXP睨證∞NTS．CH印T盱IIIGALLILE0SCI饑TIFICME岫D0109YISILLLLSN．ATED舶MT11R∞D(zhuǎn)IFFEREMPERSPEC魎VES．FIRSⅡYGALILEOCOMBIILEDEXPERHNENTMEMOD觚DMATLLERLLATICSMETHOD，WHI6HISMESANSF．AC廿ONWAYOFEXACTSCIENCESECONDLY，GALILC0A．EATODMEIDEALEXPEIIMEILT，礎(chǔ)LIEVINGTLLEREALBE西MLINGOFPHYSICS；A11DFINALLYGALILE0PROVIDEDASTRONGGUARANTEEF．0RT11ESCI酬矗CR髓EARCHBYSCIEI嚦J6IC證S慨ENTS如咀OVATION．CHAPTERⅣB嬲ED0NMETLLIRDCH印T％T11EIILLPACTOFGALIL∞’SSCI鉍TI6CMEMODOLOGYIS州EWCDWMCHISDIVIDEDIN協(xié)押OP碰S．THE觚TPARTISNLEIMPACTOFNANLRA】SCI鋤CC，W11ICHISMATGALILE0’SSCI踟TIFICME廿10DOLOGYH嬲APROFOUNDIILNU髓CEON鉑KFO吼ATION趾DDEVELOPM鋤TOFCL勰SICALMECHALLICS，ALLDALARGEN1期曲IEROF飄LBSEQU％TPHYRSICISTS，MA廿1EMATICI鋤1S甌IBSEQUENT；TLLESECONDPARTIS廿LEII】叩A(chǔ)CTOFPHILOSOPHY，WKEHISGALILEOES協(xié)BLISHEDMESCI饑TIJEICME吐10D0109Y，SEPARA臟NGSCIENCEANDP幢LOSOPLLLY．一II

簡(jiǎn)介：密級(jí)學(xué)校代碼10075分類號(hào)學(xué)號(hào)20090002哲學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文費(fèi)耶阿本德科學(xué)方法論研究學(xué)位申請(qǐng)人張敏指導(dǎo)教師李和平教授學(xué)位類別哲學(xué)碩士學(xué)科專業(yè)馬克思主義哲學(xué)授予單位河北大學(xué)答辯日期二○一二年五月

簡(jiǎn)介：分類號(hào)G461單位代碼10110學(xué)號(hào)S12008002分類號(hào)G461單位代碼10110學(xué)號(hào)S12008002中北大學(xué)中北大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文碩士學(xué)位論文私營(yíng)企業(yè)思想政治教育工作科學(xué)化研究私營(yíng)企業(yè)思想政治教育工作科學(xué)化研究碩士研究生______程景秀______碩士研究生______程景秀______指導(dǎo)教師檀躍宇副教授指導(dǎo)教師檀躍宇副教授學(xué)科專業(yè)思想政治教育學(xué)科專業(yè)思想政治教育2015年6月1日2015年6月1日原創(chuàng)性聲明原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重聲明所呈交的學(xué)位論文，是本人在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所取得的成果。除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包含其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過(guò)的科研成果。對(duì)本文的研究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。本聲明的法律責(zé)任由本人承擔(dān)。論文作者簽名本人鄭重聲明所呈交的學(xué)位論文，是本人在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所取得的成果。除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包含其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過(guò)的科研成果。對(duì)本文的研究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。本聲明的法律責(zé)任由本人承擔(dān)。論文作者簽名日期日期關(guān)于學(xué)位論文使用權(quán)的說(shuō)明關(guān)于學(xué)位論文使用權(quán)的說(shuō)明本人完全了解中北大學(xué)有關(guān)保管、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，其中包括①學(xué)校有權(quán)保管、并向有關(guān)部門送交學(xué)位論文的原件與復(fù)印件；②學(xué)?？梢圆捎糜坝　⒖s印或其它復(fù)制手段復(fù)制并保存學(xué)位論文；③學(xué)?？稍试S學(xué)位論文被查閱或借閱；④學(xué)校可以學(xué)術(shù)交流為目的，復(fù)制贈(zèng)送和交換學(xué)位論文；⑤學(xué)?？梢怨紝W(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容（保密學(xué)位論文在解密后遵守此規(guī)定）。簽名本人完全了解中北大學(xué)有關(guān)保管、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，其中包括①學(xué)校有權(quán)保管、并向有關(guān)部門送交學(xué)位論文的原件與復(fù)印件；②學(xué)?？梢圆捎糜坝?、縮印或其它復(fù)制手段復(fù)制并保存學(xué)位論文；③學(xué)校可允許學(xué)位論文被查閱或借閱；④學(xué)校可以學(xué)術(shù)交流為目的，復(fù)制贈(zèng)送和交換學(xué)位論文；⑤學(xué)?？梢怨紝W(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容（保密學(xué)位論文在解密后遵守此規(guī)定）。簽名日期日期導(dǎo)師簽名導(dǎo)師簽名日期日期私營(yíng)企業(yè)思想政治工作科學(xué)化研究私營(yíng)企業(yè)思想政治工作科學(xué)化研究

簡(jiǎn)介：東南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文中美科學(xué)比較研究小科學(xué)與大科學(xué)關(guān)系的視角姓名陶迎春申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)科技哲學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師呂乃基20091231英文摘要ABSTRACTEXPLORINGANDSTUDYINGRELATIONSHIPBETWEENLITTLESCIENCEANDBIGSCIENCEPROVIDESANEWPERSPECTIVETOCOMPARETHESINOUSSCIENCEINTHEHISTORYOFSCIENTIFICDEVELOPMENT，THERELATIONSHIPREPRESENTEDAPPROXIMATELYASFOLLOWSFROMITSORIGINTOFIRSTHALFOFTHEL9THCENTURYMAJORSCIENTIFICFORMSARETHELITTLESCIENCE；FROMTHEBEGINNINGOFSECONDHALFOFTHE19THCENTURY，ITFORMEDGRADUALLYTHEBIGSCIENCE；SINCETHEMID一20THCENTURY，ASWELLAS21CENTURY，THELITTLESCIENCEANDBIGSCIENCEAGAININTEGRATION，BECOMINGBETTERINTEGRATEDINTOTHEBROADERSOCIALCONTEXTTHEHISTORYOFRELATIONSHIPBETWEENLITTLESCIENCEANDBIGSCIENCESHOWSINTHEHISTORYOFSCIENCETHELARGENUMBEROFRANDOMFLUCTUATIONLITTLESCIENCEWHICHCANBECHOSENISTOTHEPREREQUISITEFORTHEEXISTENCEANDDEVELOPMENTOFBIGSCIENCE，BUTALSOANEWGROWTHPOINTOFSCIENCE，PROVIDINGTHEORIGINALINNOVATIONBIGSCIENCEISTHEFOCUSGOALOFSCIENTIFICDEVELOPMENTANDDIVERGENCEPLATFORMTHETENSIONBETWEENLITTLESCIENCEANDBIGSCIENCEPROVIDESTHEIMPETUSWHICHWILLCHANGESTHETRAJECTORYOFSCIENTIFICDEVELOPMENTBASEDONTHEIROWNPATHOFDEVELOPMENTANDNATIONALCONDITIONSINTHEWORLDALLCOUNTRIESPLANTHEIRTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENTTRENDANDSHOULDDEALWITHTHERELATIONSHIPOFLITTLESCIENCEANDBIGSCIENCE，ACCORDINGTOCHANGINGCIRCUMSTANCESTOADJUSTTHEUNITEDSTATES，THEHISTORYOFSCIENCESHOWSTHATINTHERELATIONSHIPOFLITTLESCIENCEANDBIGSCIENCETHEUSSCIENCE“SELFORGANIZATION’’BUILDSTHESCIENTIFICINSTITUTIONINTHEFOUNDATIONOFSINAILSCIENCEANDTHECOREOFLARGESCIENTIFICPROJECTS；ASWELL弱FORMSRESEARCHPATTERNWITHMULTISUBJECTANDCOLLEGELED；THESECANBEPROPERLYADJUSTEDWITHCHANGINGCIRCUMSTANCESUSSCIENCECANSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPINLARGEPARTTHANKSTOITSEMPHASISONEDUCATINGTHEENVIRONMENT，ANDINTHISATMOSPHERETOCONSOLIDATEANDEXPANDTHEFOUNDATIONOFTHESMALLSCIENCE；ITHASTHETRADITIONOFEMPHASIZINGTHELITTLESCIENCEANDHASEFFECTIVEMEASURESTOCONTINUETHETRADITIONMEANWHILEITCANDEVELOPRAPIDLYALARGEEXTENTTHANKSTOTHEFOCUSANDDIVERGENTFUNCTIONSOFTHEBIGSCIENCEINCONTRAST，CHINESESCIENCEISEXOGENOUSRELYINGONTHEGOVERNMENT，IT‘BUILDSTHEHIGLLLYCONCENTRATEDBIGSCIENTIFICESTABLISHMENT，ALTHOUGHTHEBASICPOSITIONOFTHELITTLESCIENCEBEGANTORAISE，ASWELLASFORMSRESEARCHPATTERNWITHDUALMAINBODYANDGOVERNMENTLED；WHICHREFLECTSCHINESECHARACTERISTICSWITHPROCESSINGTHERELATIONSHIPOFLITTLESCIENCEANDBIGSCIENCETOTHESINOUSSCIENTIFICCOMPARISONNOTTOFOLLOWTHEUSMODELOFSCIENTIFICDEVELOPMENT，BUTINORDERTOBETTERTAKEAGOODCHINA’SOWNWAYRIGHTATTHEPRESENTSTAGEOFCHINAINTHEWAYOFCATCHUPFROMTHETRADITIONALTOTHEMODERA，THESCIENTIFICOBJECTIVESISRELATIVELYCLEARANDITSHOULDDEVELOPAGREATERSCIENCETOPLAYITSDRIVETOIMPROVETHEOVERALLFUNCTION；THESAMETIME，INAHURRYULTRAWAYESPECIALLYWHENCLOSETOTHEFOREFRONTOFSCIENCEITSHOULDMAKEEFFORTSTOCULTIVATEANDIMPROVEAWIDERANGEOFDIFFERENTAREA8ATDIFFERENTLEVELSOFTHESMALLSCIENCEENHANCINGANDEXPANDINGTHEFOUNDATIONOFTHELITTLESCIENCEWHICHPROVIDES”FLUCTUATION”、BIFURCATIONPOINTSANDPROVISIONOFLLEWGROWTHTOCHINESESCIENCEKEY腸RDSLITTLESCIENCEBIGSCIENCE；RELATIONSHIPCOMPARE；CONTEXTⅡ

簡(jiǎn)介：分類號(hào)UDCBD8碩士學(xué)位論文密級(jí)上恥勞丹科學(xué)進(jìn)步觀研究楊逸瀟學(xué)科專業(yè)抖堂撞丕蜇堂指導(dǎo)教師肖德生副教援論文答辯日期趔墨篁2生學(xué)位授予日期冱丘么ZZ答辯委員會(huì)主席墨醚勞丹科學(xué)進(jìn)步觀研究摘要“科學(xué)是進(jìn)步的”這似乎是一個(gè)不證自明的常識(shí)?？烧沁@個(gè)看似簡(jiǎn)單的一句命題困擾了整整幾代科學(xué)哲學(xué)家，甚至成為20世紀(jì)科學(xué)哲學(xué)界研究最為廣泛的難題之一。作為新歷史主義者學(xué)派代表之一的科學(xué)哲學(xué)家一一拉瑞勞丹在吸收波普爾、拉卡托斯、庫(kù)恩等人的相關(guān)思想基礎(chǔ)上形成了他的科學(xué)進(jìn)步觀他提出了以解決問(wèn)題為核心的科學(xué)進(jìn)步模式，認(rèn)為科學(xué)進(jìn)步與它的確證性或證偽性并無(wú)多大關(guān)系，而與它的理論解決問(wèn)題的有效性密切相關(guān)。他在進(jìn)步及其問(wèn)題一書中更是創(chuàng)造性地第一次用歷史演化的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)描述科學(xué)進(jìn)步觀中獨(dú)一無(wú)二的思想。同時(shí)，他試圖既能堅(jiān)持科學(xué)中的合理性、進(jìn)步性、可比性、整體性的原則，又能克服傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)進(jìn)步模式中的非理性、反進(jìn)步性、反不可比性、單一性的主張。之后，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)～步提出了關(guān)于科學(xué)進(jìn)步合理性的網(wǎng)狀模型。通過(guò)與同時(shí)代科學(xué)進(jìn)步觀的對(duì)比研究我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，勞丹的思想不僅為傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)進(jìn)步觀提出了解決的道路，也為當(dāng)代科學(xué)哲學(xué)的研究方向開辟了新的研究領(lǐng)域。關(guān)鍵詞勞丹合理性演化科學(xué)進(jìn)步

簡(jiǎn)介：在科學(xué)發(fā)展史上，自然科學(xué)的理論是人類對(duì)自然界認(rèn)識(shí)的一種反映，它不但要能正確地描述自然界的事物和現(xiàn)象，而且要對(duì)事物和現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì)作深入的反映。隨著人們對(duì)自然界認(rèn)識(shí)的增加，科學(xué)理論的知識(shí)水平也不斷增長(zhǎng)和提高。一些最普遍的科學(xué)理論和原理，在形式上都具有最簡(jiǎn)單性，正是因?yàn)橛兄罡爬?、最?jiǎn)潔的形式，科學(xué)理論才能夠在很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)影響著科學(xué)的創(chuàng)造和發(fā)展。本文首先全面分析了“簡(jiǎn)單性”的基本含義，并且指出“簡(jiǎn)單性”是依賴于主體認(rèn)識(shí)的評(píng)價(jià)性概念，它不同于真理性認(rèn)識(shí)，因而它具有強(qiáng)烈的主體性。對(duì)“簡(jiǎn)單性”認(rèn)識(shí)淵源的分析，使我們清楚的認(rèn)識(shí)到“簡(jiǎn)單性”是伴隨著科學(xué)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展，人類認(rèn)識(shí)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展；其自身也不可避免的具有局限性，我們必須綜合考察“簡(jiǎn)單性”的利與弊，明了“簡(jiǎn)單性”的含義。在明晰“簡(jiǎn)單性”基本含義的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合科學(xué)發(fā)展史中天文學(xué)的典型案例，指出“簡(jiǎn)單性”在科學(xué)理論體系中包含三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容以自然界客觀存在的和諧性為基礎(chǔ)；以理論體系自身的形式簡(jiǎn)單性為前提；以科學(xué)理論體系創(chuàng)建過(guò)程中思維的經(jīng)濟(jì)性為保證。并系統(tǒng)的分析了科學(xué)理論體系中的簡(jiǎn)單性判據(jù)，并提出判定科學(xué)理論體系中的簡(jiǎn)單性不僅要依賴于主體性判據(jù)和客觀性判據(jù)相統(tǒng)一的原則，還要遵循邏輯與歷史相統(tǒng)一的原則。只有將兩者結(jié)合起來(lái)，才能準(zhǔn)確衡量科學(xué)理論體系中的簡(jiǎn)單性。最后，我們根據(jù)所提出的判據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)科學(xué)理論體系中的簡(jiǎn)單性的實(shí)際作用進(jìn)行了深入的研究，結(jié)合科學(xué)理論體系的創(chuàng)建過(guò)程，指出簡(jiǎn)單性在科學(xué)理論體系建構(gòu)過(guò)程中的重要作用。

簡(jiǎn)介：上海交通大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文基于學(xué)科特征的世界研究型大學(xué)分類科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)的視角姓名程瑩申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別博士專業(yè)科技與教育管理（管理科學(xué)與工程）指導(dǎo)教師劉念才20070301上海交通大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文摘要本文選擇科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)指標(biāo)，運(yùn)用聚類分析的方法，以學(xué)科特征作為分類維度，構(gòu)建了全世界500所研究型大學(xué)的分類系統(tǒng)。這些研究型大學(xué)根據(jù)偏向的學(xué)科領(lǐng)域文科、理科、工科、生命、醫(yī)科和偏向的程度聚焦、優(yōu)勢(shì)、傾向的不同，被歸為2L類，分別是文科聚焦型1所、理科聚焦型9所、工科聚焦型3所、生命聚焦型3所、醫(yī)科聚焦型11所、文科優(yōu)勢(shì)型2所、理科優(yōu)勢(shì)型30所、工科優(yōu)勢(shì)型25所、生命優(yōu)勢(shì)型1L所、醫(yī)科優(yōu)勢(shì)型43所、理工優(yōu)勢(shì)型15所、生醫(yī)優(yōu)勢(shì)型2所、文科傾向型12所、理科傾向型29所、V科傾向型3所、生命傾向型14所、醫(yī)科傾向型34所、文理傾向型2所、理工傾向型16所、生醫(yī)傾向型I所、學(xué)科均衡型270所。本研究是第一個(gè)以純科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)指標(biāo)為分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大學(xué)分類研究。一所大學(xué)是否偏向某個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域以及偏向的程度如何可以用他們?cè)谙鄳?yīng)的學(xué)科領(lǐng)域發(fā)表論文的比例來(lái)表征。學(xué)科聚焦型大學(xué)在所聚焦的學(xué)科領(lǐng)域發(fā)表論文的平均比例在60％以上，學(xué)科優(yōu)勢(shì)型大學(xué)在優(yōu)勢(shì)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域發(fā)表論文的平均比例大約在40％．50％，學(xué)科傾向型大學(xué)在傾向的學(xué)科領(lǐng)域發(fā)表論文的平均比例在35％左右。本研究使用自建的聚類分析方法，通過(guò)假定若干種具有明確學(xué)科特征的參考點(diǎn)大學(xué)，分三步對(duì)樣本大學(xué)和參考點(diǎn)之間的距離進(jìn)行計(jì)算與比較，從而獲得每所大學(xué)的偏向?qū)W科領(lǐng)域和偏向程度的信息。通過(guò)與采用常用聚類法獲得的分類結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)自建方法雖然在數(shù)學(xué)優(yōu)化上有待改進(jìn)，但是可以將背景知識(shí)較好的體現(xiàn)在分類計(jì)算中，結(jié)果便于解釋和理解。此外，本研究提出的指標(biāo)預(yù)處理方法可以調(diào)和原始數(shù)據(jù)之間的差異，從而推廣該分類方法的適用范圍。為對(duì)上述分類方法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，本研究首先分析了校名中帶有學(xué)科

簡(jiǎn)介：東華大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文學(xué)校代碼SCHOOLCODE10255DISSERTATIONFORMASTERDEGREEOFDONGHUAUNIVERSITY學(xué)號(hào)STUDENT’SID203608科學(xué)傳播的演變研究STUDYONEVOLUTIONOFSCIENCECOMMUNICATION專業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)哲學(xué)MAJORPHILOSOPHYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY姓名史曉雷NAMEXIAOLEISHI導(dǎo)師陳敬全SUPERVISORJINGQUANCHEN日期2006年1月15日DATEJANUARY15，2006NOWADAYSFIERCECOMPETITIONININTERNATIONALSOCIETYASSUMESNATIONALCONTESTSOFCOMPREHENSIVENATIONALSTRENGTHWHICHDEPENDSONTHEIRDEVELOPMENTALLEVELSOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYTHEDEVELOPMENTALLEVELOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYHASADIRECTBEARINGUPONSCIENTIFICACCOMPLISHMENTLEVELOFTHEPUBLICWHICHDIRECTLYDECIDEDBYTHEBREADTHANDDEPTHOFSCIENCECOMMUNICATIONBROADLYSCIENCECOMMUNICATIONREFERSTOTHECOMMUNICATIONANDSHARESOFSCIENTIFICKNOWLEDGEINTHEPUBLICNARROWLYSCIENCECOMMUNICATIONISEQUALTOGENERALPOPULARSCIENCEITINCLUDESPROCESSESINWHICHSUBJECTSOFPRODUCINGSCIENTIFICKNOWLEDGE，NAMELYSCIENTIFICCOMMUNITYANDSCIENCECOMMUNICATIONSPECIALISMUSINGALLKINDSOFMETHODSFORINSTANCETHEMASSMEDIATOPOPULARIZETHESCIENTIFICKNOWLEDGE，ADVOCATESCIENTIFICMETHODSDISSEMINATESCIENTIFICTHOUGHTANDPROMOTESCIENTIFICSPIFITACCORDINGTOTHEPARTICIPATINGSUBJECTSANDOBJECTSSCIENCECOMMUNICATIONCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTHREEFORMATIONSTHEINTERNALCOMMUNICATIONINSCIENTIFICCOMMUNITYTHESCIENCEEDUCATIONANDTHEPOPULARSCIENCERESEARCHESONSCIENCECOMMUNICATIONOFDOMESTICSCHOLARSMAINLYCONCENTRATEDINTHE20THCENTURYANDTHEYHAVEPA主DMOREATTENTIONONELABORATINGTHEEVOLUTIONALPATTERNSOFSCIENCECOMMUNICATIONTHISARTICLEAIMSATMAKINGCERTAINTHEEVOLUTIONALPROCESSESOFSCIENCECOMMUNICATIONFOCUSING011ANALYZINGTHECHANGESOFEACHSTAGEABOUTTHESUBJECT，THEPATTERN，THELOGOSOFCOMMUNICATION，ANDLOOKINGFORTHEL“E舔ONSOFTHEMTHROUGHSOCIOLOGYOF

簡(jiǎn)介：獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重聲明所呈交的學(xué)位論文，是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已注明引用的內(nèi)容以外，本論文不包含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過(guò)的作品成果，也不包含為獲得江蘇大學(xué)或其他教育機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)位或證書而使用過(guò)的材料。對(duì)本文的研究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。本人完全意識(shí)到本聲明的法律結(jié)果由本人承擔(dān)。學(xué)位論文作者簽名禱研趙必I】年6月LG日學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書IIIIIIIIIIIII111IIIIULY2093377江蘇大學(xué)、中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)信息研究所、國(guó)家圖書館、中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)期刊光盤版電子雜志社有權(quán)保留本人所送交學(xué)位論文的復(fù)印件和電子文檔，可以采用影印、縮印或其他復(fù)制手段保存論文。本人電子文檔的內(nèi)容和紙質(zhì)論文的內(nèi)容相一致，允許論文被查閱和借閱，同時(shí)授權(quán)中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)信息研究所將本論文編入中國(guó)學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并向社會(huì)提供查詢，授權(quán)中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)期刊光盤版電子雜志社將本論文編入中國(guó)優(yōu)秀博碩士學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并向社會(huì)提供查詢。論文的公布包括刊登授權(quán)江蘇大學(xué)研究生處辦理。本學(xué)位論文屬于不保密口。學(xué)位論文作者簽名泰飯邕如I年B月F孑日指導(dǎo)教師簽名呂L眥刁ⅣF上，年石月么日

簡(jiǎn)介：河南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文科學(xué)價(jià)值問(wèn)題研究科學(xué)的價(jià)值中立、價(jià)值負(fù)載及其倫理反思姓名王樂申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)哲學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師張純成張耀蘭20080501關(guān)鍵詞科學(xué)價(jià)值中立價(jià)值負(fù)載科學(xué)的價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)人的全面發(fā)展社會(huì)責(zé)任倫理反思

簡(jiǎn)介：分類號(hào)N021071006111121滾步夫海碩士學(xué)位論文我國(guó)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)成果評(píng)價(jià)問(wèn)題研究導(dǎo)師姓名職稱申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別論文提交日期學(xué)位授予單位周鑫輝劉強(qiáng)教授答辯委員會(huì)主席學(xué)位論文評(píng)閱人芮夕捷鄧波段聯(lián)合ABSTRACTBASICSCIENCEISTHEFOUNDATIONOFSCIENCEANDTHESOURCEOFTECHNOLOGY．ITISALSOTHESOURCEOFSCIENTIFICANDTECHNOLOGICALPROGRESSANDINNOVATION．THEDEVELOPMENTPROCESSOFDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESSHOWSTHATTHEBASICSCIENTIFICRESEARCHPLAYSAPIVOTALROLEINTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFINNOVATIVECOUNTRIESANDTHEBREAKTHROUGHPROGRESSTHATTHENEWANDHIGHTECHNOLOGYHASMADEISMOSTLYRELATEDTOSTRATEGICPLANOFTHEPREVIOUSBASICRESEARCH．ASARESULT，CHINAISPAYINGMOREANDMOREATTENTIONTOBASICSCIENCERESEARCHWHICHALSOGETSSTRONGERANDSTRONGERINPUT．AAENDANTLY，THERESULTSOFBASICSCIENTIFICAREAPPRAISEDANDPAIDCLOSEATTENTIONTO，BECOMINGTHEIMPORTANTMEANSOFSCIENTIFICRESEARCHMANAGEMENT．APPRAISINGTHERESEARCHRESULTSOFBASICSCIENCENOTONLYHELPSTOIMPROVETHELEVELOFSCIENCEINTHEWHOLESOCIETY,BUTALSOHELPSTOCREATEGOODENVIRONMENTANDCONDITIONFORSCIENTIFICRESEARCHPERSONNEL，F(xiàn)INDOUTSTANDINGSCIENTIFICRESEARCHPERSONNELANDSTIMULATESCIENTIFICRESEARCHPERSONNEL’SENTHUSIASM，WHICHISFAVORABLETOTHERATIONALDISTRIBUTIONOFRESOURCES．INCHINA,APPRAISINGSYSTEMINTHEBASICSCIENCERESEARCHHASBEENPREGNANTANDSTARTEDSINCETHE1990S，BUTMOSTOFTHEMHAVEBEENMADEACCORDINGTOFOREIGNAPPRAISINGMODE．SCLWASINTRODUCEDEARLIERINCHINA．HOWEVER，BECAUSEOFTHEDEFECTOFSCIANDLIMITATIONWHENAPPLYINGITTOTHEREALITY,CHINAHASTORESEARCHANDDEVELOPTHEMETHODSUITABLEFOROURCOUNTRYTOMEASUREANDAPPRAISETHERESEARCHRESULTS．MEANWHILE，CHINACOMBINEDINTEMATIONAIEVALUATIONLAWOFCOUNTERPARTWITLLITSOWNSPECIFICCONDITIONSANDSETUPCOUNTERPART’SSYSTEMOFAPPRAISING，WHICHISUSEDTOAPPRAISETHERESEARCHRESULTSOFBASICSCIENCE．BECAUSETHEFOUNDATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFEVALUATIONSYSTEMNEEDSCONSTANTEXPLORATIONACTUALLY,ITHAVECONGENITALDEFECT．ADDITIONALLY,THEMANAGEMENTSYSTEMOFBASICSCIENTIFICRESEARCHOFOURCOUNTRYANDINCENTIVESYSTEMARENOTIMPROVEDANDITISINFLUENCEDBYCHINESETRADITIONALCULTURE，SUCHUNREASONABLEPHENOMENAEXISTSASQUANTITATIVEEVALUATIONMETHODANDTHEMETHODOFPEERREVIEWREVEREDRELATIONSHIP；THEEVALUATIONRESULTVIOLATESEVALUATIONPURPOSE；EVALUATIONSUBJECTISMISPLACEDANDCONNIVEDANDSOON．CHINA’SPRESENTMETHODCANNOLONGERAPPRAISETHERESEARCHRESULTSOFBASICSCIENCEFAIRLY,REASONABLYANDEFFICIENTLY．BESIDES，ACADEMICCORRUPTIONCAUSEDBYEVALUATIONANDTHECONFUSEDSTATUSQUOⅡ

簡(jiǎn)介：摘要計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)中的難解問(wèn)題是計(jì)算機(jī)算法和計(jì)算機(jī)理論界長(zhǎng)期研究的課題，它們大都具有深刻的應(yīng)用背景。量子算法是一種新的計(jì)算方法，利用量子力學(xué)的迭加和糾纏等特性進(jìn)行的量子計(jì)算是計(jì)算技術(shù)的巨大飛躍，它能夠比經(jīng)典計(jì)算遠(yuǎn)為有效地解決一些問(wèn)題。其中最為著名的SHOR的算法，原則上能夠以多項(xiàng)式的時(shí)間因子化大的合數(shù)，從而使得經(jīng)典計(jì)算機(jī)難以計(jì)算的這一問(wèn)題得以解決。因此我們可以考慮用量子計(jì)算技術(shù)來(lái)求解某些計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)中的NP難解問(wèn)題，本文正是利用這種方法來(lái)求解某些典型的NP難解問(wèn)題，并證明了這樣做的確是可行和非常有效的。今文圍繞計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)中若干難解問(wèn)題的量子MA進(jìn)行了研究，主要做了以下幾方面的工作1介紹了研究量子信息學(xué)所必需的量子力學(xué)基本知識(shí)，包括量子力學(xué)的五大假設(shè)，特別是HILBERT空間，量子態(tài)位的表示，厄米算子和么正變換及其矩陣表示。同時(shí)還介紹了量子力學(xué)基本的哲學(xué)思想，各種量子測(cè)量方法。2研究了量子計(jì)算機(jī)的概念和目前的發(fā)展情況，指出其具體構(gòu)造，幾種試驗(yàn)方案和與經(jīng)典計(jì)算機(jī)相比較的優(yōu)越性。敘述了量子算法是在量子計(jì)算機(jī)上的具體操作和實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程，同時(shí)指出量子計(jì)算機(jī)目前的困難及可能的解決方法。ABSTARCT、NPHARDPROBLEMSAREFAMOUSPROBLEMSINCOMPUTERSCIENCEQUANTUMCOMPUTINGISVERYNEWCOMPUTINGTECHNOLOGY,BYEXPLOITINGQUANTUMMECHANICALFEATURESSUCHASSUP一,,WITIOIIANDENTANGLEMENT,QUANTUMCOMPUTINGISAHUGELEAPFORWARDFORCOMPUTINGTECHNOLOGYITCANSOLVECERTAINPROBLEMSMUCHMOREEFECTIVELYTHANCLASSICALCOMPUTINGFOREXAMPLE,SHORSALGORITHMCOULDINPRINCIPLEFACTORLARGECOMPOSITEINTEGERSINPOLYNOMIALTIME,THUSSOLVINGAPROBLEMTHATCLASSICALCOMPUTERSSTILLFINDDIFFICULTTOCALCULATEANINTRODUCTIONISGIVENTOTHEFUNDAMENTALPRINCIPLESANDPROCESSESOFTHEMAINQUANTUMALGORITHMSDISCOVEREDSOFARTHEADVANTAGES,CURRENTPROGRESSANDFUTUREPROSPECTSOFQUANTUMCOMPUTINGAREMENTIONEDTHISPAPERINTRODUCESSOMEBASICKNOWLEDGEABOUTALGORITHMANDNPHARDPROBLEMSIPUTOUTNEWQUANTUMALGORITHMSFOR0/1KNAPSACKPROBLEMANDINTEGERPROGRAMMINGPROBLEMINTHEORY,WECANSOLVETHESENPHARDPROBLEMSONQUANTUMCOMPUTERMYPAPERGIVESAQUANTUMMECHANICALALGORITHMTOSOLVE0/1KNAPSACKPROBLEMANDINTEGERPROGRAMMINGPROBLEM,WHICHISBASEDONGROVERALGORITHMANDQUANTUMEXPONENTIALSEARCHINGALGORITHMTHEALGORITHMDOESNTINVOLVEANYCLASSICALMETHODTOIMPROVESEARCHEFFICIENCYANDTHESOLUTIONCANBE

簡(jiǎn)介：浙江師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文初中科學(xué)作業(yè)反饋中的自我解釋研究姓名薛瑞芬申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)教育管理指導(dǎo)教師李偉健20080501初中科學(xué)作業(yè)反饋中的自我解釋研究ABSTRACTSELFEXPLANATIONISANACTIVECULTURALCONSTRUCTIONPRIORKNOWLEDGEHELPSTHELEARNERSTOCONSTRUCTNEWKNOWLEDGEGENERATINGITSOWNEXPLANATIONISAPROCESSOFPROMOTINGTHESTUDENTS’LEARNINGTRANSFERFEEDBACKOFHOMEWORKISANIMPORTANTPARTOFTEACHINGANDLEAMINGBUTITHASNOTBEENSERIOUSCONSIDEREDINCURRENTSCHOOLLIFETHISPAPERBASEDONCOMBININGTHEHOMEWORKFEEDBACKSWITHSELFEXPLANATION，ISATTEMPTINGTOAPPLYTHESELTEXPLANATLONINT0THEREALTEACHINGANDJL一一一一■LEARNINGPROCEDURETHISSTUDYWASCOMPOSEDOFTWESEARCHESTHEFIRSTEXPERIMENTSELECTEDTWOCLASSESOFGRADE9，SEPARATELYASEXPERIMENTALGROUP57PEOPLEANDCONTROLGROUP58PEOPLETHEEXPERIMENTLASTEDFORASEMESTERANDAIMEDTOKNOWIFENCOURAGINGSTUDENTSTOSELFEXPLAINTHEMISTAKESINTHEIRHOMEWORKWOULDCUTSTUDENTS’ERRORRATE，IMPROVETHEIRACADEMICACHIEVEMENTANDINITIATIVEOFLEARNINGINTHEEXPERIMENTCLASS，AFTERTEACHERTICKINGSTUDENTS’HOMEWORK，THEYWERESUPPOSEDTOWRITEDOWNTHEFOLLOWINGINFORMATION，LIKEWHEREITWRONGS，THEREASONOFMAKINGSUCHKINDOFMISTAKES，HOWDOYOUMAKEOUTTHEPROBLEMANDTHERIGHTANSWERTHESECONDSTUDYBASEDONEXPERIMENT1，ISASMALLSAMPLEDESIGNWESELECTED2HIGHACADEMICACHIEVEMENTSTUDENTS，2AVERAGESTUDENTSAND2LEARNINGDISABLEDSTUDENTSASTHESUBJECTSANDATTEMPTTOCOMPAREWHICHGROUPBENEFITMOREFROMTHISEXPERIMENTTHECONCLUSIONSOFTHESTUDIESWEREASFOLLOWS1ENCOURAGINGSTUDENTSTOSELFEXPLAINTHEMISTAKESINHOMEWORKWILLIMPROVETHEIRACADEMICACHIEVEMENT2ENCOURAGINGSTUDENTSTOSELFEXPLAINTHEMISTAKESINHOMEWORK