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1、本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯原文：原文：RiskManagementinBOTProjectsRiskmanagementinBOTprojectsisstudiedfollowingtheriskmanagementframewki.e.riskidentificationriskclassificationriskanalysisriskattituderiskresponse(riskallocation).1.Riskident

2、ificationinBOTprojectsTherisksofBOTprojectscanbeidentifiedinthefollowingcategies(Baker1986citedinNadeem1998):politicalrisksconstructioncompletionrisksoperatingrisksfinanceriskslegalrisks.2.RiskclassificationinBOTprojects

3、Therehavebeenseveraltypesofriskclassification.Thefollowingaresomeexamplesofthem:Constructionphase:completiondelaycostoverrunfcemajeurepoliticalriskinfrastructurerisk(referringtootherfacilitiesindirectcompetitionwiththeBO

4、Tprojectinquestion).Operationalphase:rawmaterialsupplymarketperfmancetechnicaloperationmaintenancefeignexchangeothercontingencies(Tiong1990b).Developmentphase:technologyriskcreditriskbidrisk.Constructionphase:completionr

5、iskcostoverrunriskperfmanceriskpoliticalrisk.Operatingphase:perfmanceriskcostoverrunriskliabilityriskequityresaleriskofftakerisk(Beidlemanetal.1990):Globalrisks:–Political:governmenttechnology.–Legal:framewktypeofagreeme

6、nt.–Commercial:marketinputcurrency.–Environment:impactecological.ConstructiondesignElementalrisks:–Technical:physicalconditionstraining.–Financial:fmoftechnology.–Operational:operationmaintenanceownershipreturncurrency.–

7、Revenue:demfinancingevaluationdevelopment(tolltariffWoodwardetal.1992).Therearesomeotherclassificationssomeofwhichare:staticdynamictakealltherisksthatthegovernmentisapprehensiveabout(Tiong1995a)Thesedeionsareparticularly

8、pointingoutthegovernmentsattitudethatitisexpectingtheprivatesectstotakeasmanyrisksaspossiblesothatitbefreefromthem.TiongAlum(1997a)analyzedtherequirementsinBOTprojectsfromtheviewpointofgovernments.Thetopicsinthesestudies

9、areproposalevaluationcriteriathefinancialcontractualelementsinfinalnegotiationrequirementinrequestfproposal(RFP)(Tiong1995a)financialcommitment(TiongAlum1997b)imptanceofequityinthefinancialpackage(Tiong1995b).Particularl

10、yinhisonestudy(Tiong1995a)hetestifiedahypothesis:[…]theabilitytobeawardedtheconcessioninaBOTtenderisstronglyrelatedtotheabilityoftheprojectpromotertoretainreallocaterisksofferguaranteesagainstrisksuncertainties.Fromanana

11、lysisofthestudyheconcluded:Thereisapositiveagreementintheviewsofthepromotergovernmentrespondentswithregardtothehypothesis.Onethinggovernmentsshouldrecognizeistheadditionalcostofrisktransfer.Thegovernmentprovidesfundsfpub

12、licsectprojectsatcostwithoutgesftheprojectrisks.Theprivatesectpricesrisksgesmefprojectswithhighestrisk(Saunders1998).JoshuaGerber(1992)pointedoutthepotentialproblemthatthepublichavetobearahighertollpricecausedbyunreasona

13、blerisktransferinaprivatizedtollway.Itiscalledvaluefmoney(VFM)paradoxwhichmayoccurinPFIprojectsintryingtoachieveVFMthroughthetransferenceofriskstoprivateconstia(OwenMerna1997).Ontheotherhwhatisacontractsviewissurveyedint

14、heUKWalkerSmith(1995)summarizedthereptsasfollows:“MajcontractsintheUKwouldhavetoachievehigherlevelsofreturnaquickpaybackachieveotherspinoffbenefitssuchasdevelopmentgainsbusinessfothercompanieswithintheirganization”accdin

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