大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀第5冊(cè)課文全文翻譯

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀第大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀第5冊(cè)和第冊(cè)和第6冊(cè)全文課文翻譯冊(cè)全文課文翻譯AKindofSermonItisprobablyeasierfteachersthanfstudentstoappreciatethereasonswhylearningEnglishseemstobecomeincreasinglydifficultoncethebasicstructurespatternsofthelanguagehavebeenunders

2、tood.Studentsarenaturallysurpriseddisappointedtodiscoverthataprocesswhichoughttobecomesimplerdoesnotappeartodoso.Itmaynotseemmuchconsolationtopointoutthattheteachertoobecomesfrustratedwhenhisefftsappeartoproducelessobvio

3、usresults.HefindsthatstudentswhowereeasytoteachbecausetheysucceededinputtingeverythingtheyhadbeentaughtintopracticehesitatewhenconfrontedwiththevastuntouchedareaofEnglishvocabularyusagewhichfallsoutsidethescopeofbasictex

4、tbooks.Heseesthemstrugglingbecausethelanguagetheythoughttheyknewnowappearstoconsistofabewilderingvarietyofidiomsclichdacceptedphraseswithdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.Itishardtoconvincethemthattheyarestillmakingpr

5、ogresstowardsfluencythattheirEnglishiscertaintoimprovegiventimededication.Insuchcircumstancesitishardlysurprisingthatsomegiveupindisgustwhileothersstillwaithopefullyftheteachertogivethemthesameconfidentguidancehewasablet

6、oofferthematfirst.Theteacherfhispartfrequentlyreducedtotryingtoexplaintheinexplicablemaytakerefugeinquotingproverbstohiscolleaguessuchas:“Youcanleadahsetowaterbutyoucantwhatyousay.Itsthewaythatyousayit.“Hisstudentsmightf

7、eelinclinedtocounterthesewith:“ThemeIlearnthelessIknow.“Ofcoursethisisnottrue.Whatbothstudentsteachersareexperiencingistherecognitionthatthemecomplexstructuresoneencountersinalanguagearenotasvitaltomakingoneselfunderstoo

8、dsohavealessimmediatefieldofapplication.Fthesamereasonfromtheteacherspointofviewingwhatshouldbetaughtbecomesamedifficulttask.Itismucheasiertogetfoodofanykindthantochoosethedishyouwouldmostliketoeatonagivendayfromavastmen

9、u.Definingtheproblemiseasierthanprovidingthesolution.OnecansuggestthatstudentsshouldspendtwothreeyearsinanEnglishspeakingcountrywhich一番說(shuō)教一番說(shuō)教也許老師比學(xué)生更容易理解，為什么學(xué)生在掌握了英語(yǔ)基本結(jié)構(gòu)和句型后英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)反而變得越來(lái)越困難了。學(xué)生們自然感到驚奇并失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)本來(lái)應(yīng)該變得越來(lái)越容易的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程卻

10、完全不是那么回事。學(xué)生們并不感到多少安慰，在知道老師在其努力所產(chǎn)生的效果似乎不及一開(kāi)始明顯也會(huì)灰心喪氣。他發(fā)現(xiàn)那些學(xué)生很容易去教，為他們能把所學(xué)的知識(shí)很快的用于實(shí)踐?？涩F(xiàn)在，他們卻面對(duì)前階段中從未學(xué)過(guò)的大量生詞，慣用法顯得躊躇不前。他看到學(xué)生們?cè)谄D難地努力著，因?yàn)樗麄円郧罢J(rèn)為已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)在似乎充滿了令人頭昏眼花的成語(yǔ)，陳舊用語(yǔ)以及在不同上下文中有不同含義的慣用詞組。要想讓他們相信他們?nèi)猿ǖ姆较虬l(fā)展，他們英語(yǔ)就一定提高是很困難的

11、。并且，只要肯花時(shí)間和持之以恒。有些學(xué)生在此情況下厭惡地放棄了學(xué)習(xí)，這并不出人意外；同時(shí)，另一些學(xué)生仍然充滿希望地盼著老師象開(kāi)始時(shí)那樣給他們以滿懷信心的指導(dǎo)。從教師這方面看，由于往往不得不去講解一些無(wú)法說(shuō)清楚的東西，他常常會(huì)對(duì)同事們引用一些諺語(yǔ)權(quán)充臺(tái)階，比如：你能牽馬河邊走，馬不飲水你自愁，或說(shuō)得比較尊重對(duì)方但語(yǔ)法并不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)：倒不在乎說(shuō)什么，關(guān)鍵瞧您怎么說(shuō)。他的學(xué)生則會(huì)反唇相譏道：我越學(xué)越糊涂。事實(shí)當(dāng)然并非如此。師生們正體驗(yàn)著一種共識(shí)，即

12、學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的較復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)在表達(dá)思想中并非至關(guān)重要，因此也就少有可能立刻派上用場(chǎng)。出于同樣的理由，在老師看來(lái)，恰當(dāng)?shù)剡x擇教材變得更困難了。任選一種食品比從品種繁多的菜單上單挑一道在某個(gè)特定日子里你想吃的菜要容易多了。awakeninyouthesleepingpoetmusicianastronomerthatpossiblyinhabitedyoufromthebeginning.“Thefreedomtobeonesbestist

13、hechancefthedevelopmentofeachpersontohishighestpower.HowisitthatweinAmericahavebeguntolosethisfreedomhowcanweregainitfournationsyouthIbelieveithasstartedslippingawayfromusbecauseofthreemisunderstings.Firstthemisunderstin

14、gofthemeaningofdemocracy.TheprincipalofagreatPhiladelphiahighschoolisdriventocryfhelpincombatingthenotionthatitisundemocratictorunaspecialprogramofstudiesfoutstingboysgirls.AgainwhenagoodindependentschoolinMemphisrecentl

15、yclosedsomethoughtfulcitizensurgedthatitbetakenoverbythepublicschoolsystemusedfboysgirlsofhighabilitywhatithaveentrancerequirementsgiveanadvancedprogramofstudiestosuperistudentswhowereinterestedabletotakeit.Theproposalwa

16、srejectedbecauseitwasundemocratic!Thuscoursesaregearedtothedleoftheclass.Thegoodstudentisunchallengedbed.Theloaferreceiveshispassinggrade.thelackofanoutstingcourseftheoutstingstudentthelackofastardwhichaboygirlmustmeetpa

17、ssesfdemocracy.Thesecondmisunderstingconcernswhatmakesfhappiness.Theaimsofourpresentdaycultureareavowedlyeasematerialwellbeing:shterhoursashterweekmereturnflessaccomplishmentmesoftsoapexcusesfewerhonestrealisticdems.Inou

18、rschoolsthisisreflectedbythevanishinghickysticktheemergingpsychiatrist.Thehickystickhaditsfaultsthepsychiatristhashisstrengths.Buthickystickhaditsfaultsthepsychiatristhashisstrengths.Butthetrendisclear.Toutcomprendrecest

19、toutpardoner(Toundersteverythingistoexcuseeverything).DowereallybelievethatoursofteningstardsbringhappinessIsitoursoundconsideredjudgmentthatthetoughersubjectsoftheclassicsmathematicsshouldbethrownasideassuggestedbysomee

20、ducatsfdollplayingSmallwonderthatlesMalikLebanesedelegateattheU.N.writes:“ThereisintheWest“(intheUnitedStates)“ageneralweakeningofmalfiber.(Our)leadershipdoesnotseemtobeadequatetotheunprecedentedchallengesoftheage.“Thela

21、stmisunderstingisintheareaofvalues.Herearesomeofthemostinfluentialtesofteachereducationoverthepastfiftyyears:thereisnoeternal個(gè)被埋沒(méi)的莫扎特，他不可能受到訓(xùn)練或培養(yǎng)。這個(gè)孩子有自由嗎？“在還來(lái)得及的時(shí)候卻得為到培養(yǎng)。你也許很可能有著與生俱來(lái)的成為詩(shī)人、音樂(lè)家或天文學(xué)家的潛能，但卻不可能被喚醒了。完善自我的自由是一

22、種讓每個(gè)人把自己的能力發(fā)展到最高水平的機(jī)會(huì)。在美國(guó)我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)開(kāi)始失去這一自由呢？如何為我國(guó)的青年人重新獲得這一自由呢？它之所以開(kāi)始從我們身邊悄然離去，我認(rèn)為是由于以下三種誤解所導(dǎo)致的。首先是對(duì)民主的誤解。在費(fèi)城、一所名牌中學(xué)的校長(zhǎng)被迫大聲疾呼，號(hào)召人們反對(duì)一種觀點(diǎn)，即認(rèn)為給尖子生吃小灶是不民主的。再如，當(dāng)孟菲斯的一所教學(xué)質(zhì)量好的私立學(xué)校在不久前停辦時(shí)，一些有頭腦的市民力主將其納入公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)，專門(mén)用來(lái)培養(yǎng)尖子人才。他們主張要設(shè)入學(xué)條件

23、并為有興趣、有能力的學(xué)生提供高級(jí)研修課程。然而這項(xiàng)建議竟遭反對(duì)，理由是這樣做不民主！據(jù)此，課程均被定位在中等難度。尖子生未受到挑戰(zhàn)，情緒低落，差生也能及格。沒(méi)有為優(yōu)等生開(kāi)設(shè)的培優(yōu)課程，沒(méi)有每位男女生都必須達(dá)到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)反而帶來(lái)了民主。其次是對(duì)幸福的誤解。我們當(dāng)今文化的取向明白無(wú)誤地直指安逸和物質(zhì)享受，更少的日工作小時(shí)和周工作日，干得更少，拿得更多，更多的滑頭的借口，更少實(shí)實(shí)在在的要求。反映到我們的學(xué)校里，便是精神病醫(yī)生取代了教鞭。以前用教鞭

24、當(dāng)然有不妥的時(shí)候，如今的精神病醫(yī)生也功不可沒(méi)。但趁勢(shì)是顯而易見(jiàn)的。Ｔｏｕｒｃｏｍｐｒｅｎｄｃ’ｅｓｔｐａｒｄｏｎｅｒ（原諒了一切才理解了一切。）我們真的相信較松的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)能帶來(lái)幸福嗎？象某些教育專家建議的，用玩娃娃取代難學(xué)的古典文學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)。這難道是我們經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮作出的判斷嗎？無(wú)怪乎黎巴嫩駐聯(lián)合國(guó)代表查爾斯馬立克會(huì)這樣寫(xiě)道：“在西方（美國(guó)）普遍存在著道德滑坡。（我們的）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)似乎無(wú)從應(yīng)付史無(wú)前例的時(shí)代的挑戰(zhàn)?！弊詈笫菍?duì)價(jià)值觀的誤解。這里僅舉幾