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1、Principles of sustainable urban development Background and Strategies Mr. Johannes DellAS in different stages and scales, from regional development up to the design of single buildings. In this context, the more technica

2、l aspects of reducing recourses consumption play of course an important role. Yet apart from that, aspects of social harmonization, the mix of functions to provide lively, manifold and diverse cityscapes and environment

3、s must be recognized. And last not least the design of a city fabric, which can be distinguished and perceived by the citizens as “their” own city, quarter or neighbourhood. I am talking about citizenship in general, cor

4、porate governance, identification of the citizens with their community, and in the end about city-marketing or –branding. City planning and urban design are integral parts of a process, which starts on a very abstractly

5、 on a state- or regional planning level and ends with the construction of our build up urban environment, buildings, open spaces, roads and infrastructure. This process requires quite a sophisticated management to be suc

6、cessful, that means the synchronization and harmonization of many often parallel evolving,sometime even contradictory sub- and side processes; in other words: the integration of all parts of the puzzle into the bigger

7、 picture. As the city is understood as a living organism, or a complex, dynamic system,this process-management requires not only a participatory and transparent communication-culture which integrates the relevant stakeh

8、olders. It as well requires a lot of flexibility, as well as constant amendment and refinement. In this sense, the fixed visions and images of a “Master Plan” which tries to precisely regulate everything up to detail i

9、s no longer appropriate. It has to be replaced by a more flexible planning tool which allows organizing, steering and moderating the planning process at least as comprehensively as the implementation of the results. Thi

10、s will be pointed out more detailed in the following. From my point of view and my experience, the biggest and most serious shortcoming in most city-planning projects which I came across in china, is a still underdevel

11、oped trends”:- Globalisation, understood as increasing interaction and interdependence between “global player regions”, producing a new division of urban labour, of production and services capacities, at the same time i

12、ncreasing competition between these regions to attract the most capable global economic players and groups of inhabitants (mobility of the “Brains”, “knowledge nomads”).- Urbanisation, regarded as the hugest shift from

13、rural to urban population in world’s history, creating complex, manmade settlement patterns and infrastructural systems with high density and a need for sophisticated processing and spatial organisation. (The driving fo

14、rces behind urbanisation are: industrialisation (in developing countries) respectively de- industrialisation (growth of service sector), mobility, telecommunications revolution, information revolution)- Systemic approac

15、h: as already mentioned, (Shift from an understanding of urban development as technically determined, to an interpretation that regards urban agglomerations as non-linear, dynamic, sometimes even chaotic systems which h

16、ave many characteristics in common with complex living organisms and organisations.)- Demographic change: the shift in the composition of age-groups, the “aging population”, first in the highly industrialized societies i

17、n the developed countries, subsequently and already starting (China!) in the rapidly urbanising regions of the developing world, will lead to radically new approaches in literally all fields of political, social, econom

18、ic and cultural live. (It will inflict governmental as well as private social and insurance systems, healthcare and education, child care and elderly-housing, labour time and conditions, leisure time and tourism activit

19、ies, mobility, transportation and other infrastructural systems, taxation regulations)A number of key figures and statistics clearly confirm the impact of thesemegatrends on our future life:- Urban Population will double

20、 from 2000 to 2025 from 2,4 billion to 5 billion.- - By 2050, app. 75 to 80% of the earth’s population will live in cities (today: 47%)- In China alone, an estimated 300.000.000 to 350.000.000 (newer studies evenpredi

21、ct 450.000.000 migrants within the coming 25 years) people will have to be accommodated as “New Citizens” in existing ore newly to build cities over the next 15 years (if the many estimates by different organisations an

22、d institutes will proof right; they vary roughly between 250 million and 400 million). Given the average household size in Chinese cities (app. 26 sqm/capita in cities; for comparison: Germany: 38sqm/capita; USA: 60 sq