汽車(chē)共享-sommaireurba2000

1、同濟(jì)大學(xué) 交通運(yùn)輸工程學(xué)院惠 英 2009.11,汽車(chē)共享——機(jī)動(dòng)化的新選擇？CARSHARING—— A NEW CHOICE OF MOTORIZATION IN SHANGHAI ?,汽車(chē)共享的全球發(fā)展概況Overview of Carsharing Worldwide上海汽車(chē)共享發(fā)展設(shè)想Development Scenarios of Carsharing in Shanghai汽車(chē)共享的居民意愿分

2、析Residents Willingness Analysis of Carsharing展望——機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)Prospect ：Opportunities and Challenges,主要內(nèi)容 outline,個(gè)人享受私家車(chē)的使用而免去購(gòu)買(mǎi)所需的費(fèi)用和責(zé)任。Individuals gain the benefits of private vehicle use without the costs and responsibi

3、lities of ownership.個(gè)人通過(guò)加入擁有成網(wǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)的轎車(chē)和輕型卡車(chē)的汽車(chē)共享組織以取得會(huì)員資格?？梢栽谥付ǖ牡攸c(diǎn)和區(qū)位取用你需要的小汽車(chē)或貨車(chē)，這些車(chē)輛大多布置在居民區(qū)，公交和地鐵車(chē)站，以及商業(yè)中心。Individuals generally access vehicles by joining an organization that maintains a fleet of cars and light truck

4、s in a network of locations. Vehicles are most frequently deployed from lots located in neighborhoods, at transit stations, or at businesses.會(huì)員通常按照使用時(shí)間，一般是按小時(shí)付費(fèi)。大部分汽車(chē)共享運(yùn)營(yíng)商通過(guò)先進(jìn)技術(shù)來(lái)管理公司并提供優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)，其中包括自動(dòng)計(jì)費(fèi)、路邊停車(chē)優(yōu)惠、車(chē)輛出入一卡通，和車(chē)輛實(shí)時(shí)

5、跟蹤等技術(shù)。Carsharing members typically pay for use through hourly rates and subscription-access plans. Most Carsharing operators manage their services with advanced technologies, which may include automated reservations, sm

6、art-card vehicle access, and real-time vehicle tracking,什么是汽車(chē)共享 What is Carshring,能源價(jià)格越來(lái)越昂貴。增加了汽車(chē)擁有成本和不確定的未來(lái)費(fèi)用。Energy prices have become increasingly more expensive and volatile停車(chē)空間有限、昂貴。Parking is limited and costly

7、許多國(guó)家把汽車(chē)共享作為減少運(yùn)輸成本、交通擁擠、低效的土地利用、能源消耗和排放等負(fù)面效應(yīng)的一種手段。Many nations have adopted carsharing as a means to reduce personal transportation costs and the negative impacts of widespread auto use, including congestion, inefficient

8、 land use, energy consumption, and emissions.支持汽車(chē)共享的技術(shù)已全面推廣。新市場(chǎng)的開(kāi)發(fā)和成熟市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展正極大地影響汽車(chē)共享全球各地的增長(zhǎng)。 Advanced technologies to support its operations has spread,汽車(chē)共享的興起 Worldwide Carshring,,,,,已經(jīng)發(fā)展汽車(chē)共享的國(guó)家,存在汽車(chē)共享潛在市場(chǎng)的國(guó)家,汽車(chē)共享在大約6

9、00個(gè)世界各地的城市、18個(gè)國(guó)家和4大洲開(kāi)Carsharing operating in approximately 600 cities worldwide,,,個(gè)人效益 Individual Benefits節(jié)省成本不用支付購(gòu)車(chē)和其他相關(guān)費(fèi)用提供一種簡(jiǎn)單、而不用洗車(chē)，換油，預(yù)防性維護(hù)、車(chē)輛登記等的用車(chē)方式社會(huì)效益 Social Effects 交通環(huán)境土地利用,汽車(chē)共享的效益 Benefits of Carshari

10、ng,歐洲平均每個(gè)用戶(hù)因此減少39％-54％的二氧化碳排放量，且而大部分的汽車(chē)共享組織使用低排放車(chē)輛，如油電混合動(dòng)力車(chē)。In Europe, recent carsharing studies estimate that the average user’s carbon dioxide emissions were reduced 39% to 54%. Many carsharing organizations also incl

11、ude low-emission vehicles, such as gasoline–electric hybrid cars.,國(guó)外結(jié)果顯示，汽車(chē)共享作為一個(gè)靈活的替代交通模式，可以在很多情況下增加機(jī)動(dòng)性，并加強(qiáng)與軌道和公交站點(diǎn)的連接，減少私人汽車(chē)的擁有，降低車(chē)輛廢氣排放和能源消耗，并鼓勵(lì)用戶(hù)嘗試積極的生活方式（自行車(chē)、步行等）。,上海：城市布局結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整Shanghai：Change of Urban Structure,城市布局

12、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的特點(diǎn)：多中心、新城Features of New Urban Structure：Multicenter 、New Town上海城市空間發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略——“一軸、兩鏈、多核”Spatial Strategy：One Corridor 、Two Chains、Multicore “一軸”：東西向城市發(fā)展主軸；“兩鏈”：西部新城發(fā)展鏈、濱江沿海發(fā)展鏈；“多核”：中心城、新城。外圍新城公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋不足Inadequate

13、 public transport network coverage in outside new town,“官車(chē)”時(shí)代——紅旗Official-use,國(guó)產(chǎn)化時(shí)代——桑塔納Domestic Industry,家用化時(shí)代——賽歐Home-use,廉價(jià)化時(shí)代 ——QQ Low-cost,汽車(chē)進(jìn)入家庭速度加快，增加了協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)動(dòng)化與人居環(huán)境關(guān)系的壓力。Household car-ownership increase fast, c

14、ausing more pressure to coordinate the relationship between motorization and living environment.,機(jī)動(dòng)化進(jìn)展 Motorization,自有車(chē)輛費(fèi)用支出,平均每天行駛距離,租車(chē)、拼車(chē)經(jīng)歷Car Rental、Carpool,新型交通服務(wù)需求 Demand for New Transport Services,上海發(fā)展汽車(chē)共享的可能性Th

15、e Possibility of Carsharing Development in Shanghai,城市交通體系 Urban Transport System 公交-汽車(chē)共享-出租車(chē)-私人小汽車(chē)個(gè)人因素 Individual Factors 合理的個(gè)人機(jī)動(dòng)化需求經(jīng)濟(jì)因素生活方式社會(huì)因素 Social Factors 停車(chē)公交發(fā)展滯后于城市擴(kuò)展國(guó)外社會(huì)效益的借鑒企業(yè)因素 Organizations Factors

16、汽車(chē)租賃行業(yè)的發(fā)展合作者參與者,,出租車(chē),軌道+公交,汽車(chē)共享與租賃,10 km,10 km,滿(mǎn)足合理的機(jī)動(dòng)化出行需求尤其是非高峰時(shí)段的出行,政府/商務(wù)用車(chē)適當(dāng)取代家庭第二輛購(gòu)車(chē)需求外圍新城地區(qū)中心城（受泊位限制購(gòu)車(chē)?yán)щy）學(xué)生/中低收入群體偶然用車(chē)需求新能源汽車(chē)的推廣,居民意愿調(diào)查——機(jī)動(dòng)化出行,,,,,Motorization travel,Commuting Travel Mode,Business Travel

17、 Mode,Jaunt Travel Mode,居民意愿調(diào)查——租車(chē)、拼車(chē),租車(chē)Car Rental,拼車(chē)Carpool,Car Rental、Carpool,居民意愿調(diào)查——購(gòu)車(chē)影響因素,,,,積極因素Positive Factors,消極因素Negative Factors,Factors Influence to Buy a Car,居民意愿調(diào)查——汽車(chē)共享潛在群體,Potential groups of Carshri

18、ng,居民意愿調(diào)查——汽車(chē)共享服務(wù)需求,取/還車(chē)點(diǎn)Park Location,車(chē)型Vehicle Model,個(gè)性化需求Individual Requirements,Demand for Carshring,居民意愿調(diào)查——汽車(chē)共享的效應(yīng),Effect of Carshring,對(duì)居民購(gòu)車(chē)計(jì)劃的影響Impact on the plan to buy a car,政府/公共支持 Public Support建立評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分配支

19、持的資金提供貸款擔(dān)保提供行政審批來(lái)鼓勵(lì)私營(yíng)部門(mén)加入特定的停車(chē)泊位供應(yīng)/停車(chē)政策鼓勵(lì)政府/企業(yè)的汽車(chē)共享計(jì)劃試點(diǎn)與推動(dòng)Demonstration Projects,汽車(chē)共享的潛在市場(chǎng)開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn)Carshring potential market began to appear 未來(lái)城市綜合交通系統(tǒng)建設(shè)從“建設(shè)”為主逐步轉(zhuǎn)向“建設(shè)與管理并重”The urban transpot development focus shift

20、ed from "building of the main " to "construction and management of equal importance" 多樣化交通服務(wù)體系是未來(lái)城市交通發(fā)展重點(diǎn)Diversification of transport service system as a trend,機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)Opportunities and Challenges,謝謝！