不用抗生素條件下布拉迪酵母改善動物腸道的應用

1、,Use of S. Boulardii to improve Gut health under antibiotics free trend,Pierre Lebreton, April 2014,Pierre LEBRETONIng. Agriculture, Pig nutrition specialistTechnical Director of Tecnor-Sofac FranceSpecialised in sows

2、 and piglets feeds production,Consultant for feed industries and pig farms,Consultant for Lallemand companiePreviously part of the french Provimi pig team法國資深豬飼料配方和生產顧問，從業(yè)16年曾擔任法國普樂維美豬飼料總配方師、法國Brittany養(yǎng)豬聯合會技術顧問、現任法國T

3、ecnor-Sofac公司技術總監(jiān)，同時被法國養(yǎng)豬聯合會和拉曼動物營養(yǎng)聘請問技術顧問。,Global conditionning factors for piglets abilities:制約仔豬生產性能的因素,Piglet weight, maturity, vitality at birth仔豬出生重、出生時的成熟度與活力,Colostrum intake, Colostrum quality初乳的攝取量、初乳的品質,P

4、restarter intake, weaning préparation教槽料/過渡料的采食、斷奶準備,Housing conditions, contamination from sow房舍條件、母豬病原菌的垂直傳遞,,Milk production, milk quality豬奶的供給量、豬奶的品質,21,2.a,Contamination from the sow母豬病原菌的垂直傳遞,The quali

5、ty of the faeces influence the composition of the piglet’s gutFiber quality and content of the feed (gestation &lactation) 母豬糞便的優(yōu)劣會影響仔豬消化道微生物的組成-纖維的品質和飼糧成分（妊娠料和泌乳料）決定母豬糞便的優(yōu)劣,Weaning : Stresses for the piglet斷奶：

6、仔豬遭受應激,Stop in the maternel link強制與母豬分離,Change of environnement環(huán)境的變化,Modification of social organisation分群使社交模式改變,Modification of feeding and feeds飼喂制度和飼糧的改變,Immunitary weakness免疫系統(tǒng)尚不成熟,STRESS?Under-NUTRITION,,,,

7、,,,Immature Digestif System尚不成熟的消化系統(tǒng),Main consequences : 主要不良后果 Microbes and virus are widely exchanged 病原微生物和病毒混雜- environment 環(huán)境- stress 應激- decrease of immunity 免疫力降低- stress on the microflora

8、 應激導致腸道菌群變化 Frequent pathological events 疾病頻發(fā) ? mainly enteric aspects (diarrhoeas, ?dema..) ? respiratory 主要是腸道疾?。ǜ篂a、水腫?。┖秃粑兰膊?→ symptoms, mortality… 有臨床癥狀且死亡

9、率高 - feed efficiency decreased (ADG,FCR) 飼料轉化率下降,,,.,,Before Weaning,After W,,incredible number of new species discovered:被發(fā)現的新微生物菌種數量龐大 854 different bacteriasidentified in the feces of an unwe

10、aned piglet一頭哺乳小豬糞中鑒定出854種不同微生物Lactobacilli very limited counts!乳酸桿菌的比例非常小,Stress of the microflora : Deep sequencing method微生物菌群的應激：深度測序技術,,斷奶前,,.,,After Weaning,,Big changes appears!斷奶導致腸道菌群發(fā)生重大改變Cellulolitic b

11、acterias are very sensitive to stresses纖維分解菌對應激非常敏感,Stress of the microflora : Deep sequencing method微生物菌群的應激：深度測序技術,斷奶后,Stress of the microflora : role of feed intake微生物菌群的應激：采食量的作用,Week of lactation泌乳期,Days after w

12、eaning斷奶后幾天內的變化,Age, weeks5~6周齡之后,Average consumption of dry matter平均干物質攝入量,,斷奶Weaning,,Weaning : Stresses for the GIT斷奶：對胃腸道的影響,,群體和日糧的改變,采食量降低,腸道的營養(yǎng)缺乏,粘膜功能受損,消化不良吸收障礙,生長表現不佳腹瀉感染,炎癥反應,細菌抗原和毒素攝入增加菌體位移增加,,,Micro

13、scopy and histomorphology of the villi before and after weaning小腸絨毛在斷奶前后鏡檢和組織形態(tài)學的改變 Dr John Pluske Murdoch Uty,Impact on the villi’

14、s quality :對小腸絨毛質量的影響,Gut structure in the small intestine 小腸結構,Before weaning斷奶前,After weaning斷奶后,After weaning斷奶后,Before weaning斷奶前,12,Gut is the largest « immune » organ腸道是最大的“免疫”器官,Huge amou

15、nts and diversity of antigens due to food and gut microbes攝入的食物和腸道微生物形成動物腸道內數量龐大且多樣化的抗原物質All components of the defense system: physical barrier, mucus, specialised immune cells…防御體系齊全：物理性屏障、粘膜免疫、特殊的免疫細胞Dense n

16、etwork of nerves and blood vessels: connected神經與血管網絡分布密集且緊密相聯,Effects on immunity 對免疫的影響,Interaction between bacteria, intestinal cells and dendritic cells細菌、腸道細胞、樹突細胞的相互作用,MAMPs: microorganism-associated molecula

17、r patterns; PRRs: pattern recognition receptors,Lebeer et al., 2010, Nature Reviews Microbiology 8,The Ig concentration from the colostrum declines very rapidly ; the piglet’s own immune system progressively starts pr

18、oducing its own antibodies (25) 初乳中的免疫球蛋白濃度迅速下降；仔豬自身免疫系統(tǒng)逐漸建立產生自體抗體,Ig in the serum (mg/ml)血清中免疫球蛋白水平,,Piglet Ig endogenous synthesis 仔豬免疫球蛋白內源合成量,Ig from the Colostrum初乳中的免疫球蛋白,Total Ig level 總抗體水平,Adult Ig le

19、vel 成年免疫球蛋白水平,Birth,J.28,J.21,J.14,J.7,Days,Immunity , first defensive line: 免疫, 第一道防線,(25) Euzeby, 1989, Bull Acad Natl Med,,Lower protection: higher susceptibility to pathogens抗體保護較低：對病原菌易感性較高,,,Total Immunoglobuline

20、s level along the time隨著時間延長仔豬體內總免疫球蛋白水平的變化,Effects of weaning on enz. activity (pancréas)斷奶對消化酶活性的影響 （胰腺）,,Trypsine胰蛋白酶,Chymotrypsine胰凝乳蛋白酶,Lipase酯酶,Amylase淀粉酶,Days after weaning斷奶后日齡,(*),(*),(*) : enzymati

21、c activities in relation to weaning, weaning = 100相對于斷奶時水平的消化酶活性，斷奶酶活設為100,,,Days after weaning斷奶后日齡,,Suckling piglets 哺乳小豬24 day old weaned Piglets but sick and kept untreated 24日齡斷奶仔豬、疾病當尚未給藥治療31 day old weaned a

22、nd healthy Piglets, 7 days post-weaning 31日齡斷奶且健康仔豬，斷奶后7天的情況 (having received Zinc oxide and Antibiotics) 已經攝入氧化鋅和抗生素Abbreviations: ApA – aminopeptidase A 氨基肽酶A ; ApN – aminopeptidase N 氨基肽酶N ; DPP IV –

23、dipeptidilpeptidase IV 二酰肽肽酶IV.,Thymann et al.,Specific enzymatic activities in the upper gut and the pancreas上消化道和胰腺中的特定酶的酶活水平,,,,Poor digestion → lot of undigested substrates available for bacterial growth (protein!)

24、消化不良→大量未消化食糜成為病原微生物生長的營養(yǎng)底物,Effects of weaning on enz. Activity斷奶對消化酶活性的影響 （胰腺）,Main Solutions used to avoid antibiotics :避免使用抗生素的主要方案,Impact of prestarter intake, 教槽/過渡料采食量的影響Impact of feed quality before and after

25、 weaning,斷奶前后飼料品質的影響Help of Levucell SB布拉迪®的應用,這里是否改成益生菌類產品的應用提及歐洲市場上的乳酸桿菌、糞鏈球菌、酵母菌、布拉氏酵母最后說他更傾向于使用布拉迪的原因,Objective from :關注目標5 days before weaning to 5 days after weaning斷奶前5天至斷奶后5天 « Feed a

26、nd protect the gut as an immune organ before looking for feeding the piglet for growth »首先營養(yǎng)和保護消化道使其充分發(fā)揮成熟免疫器官的功能其次才是飼養(yǎng)仔豬促進其生長,First : Feed consumption首先： 飼料采食量,First : Feed consumption首先： 飼料采

27、食量,Week of lactation,Days after weaning,Age, weeks,Average consumption of dry matter平均干物質消耗量,,10 days,斷奶weaning,Week of lactation泌乳期,Days after weaning斷奶后幾天內的變化,Age, weeks5~6周齡之后,,Trials 2013, Tecnor-sofac : impact

28、 of pre starter consumption,Exemple of trials made last year on 3 commercial farms, 3 batches, 100% of piglets, Tecnor-Sofac Feeds2013年3個商業(yè)豬場連續(xù)3個批次仔豬的飼養(yǎng)成績，全場使用Tecnor-Sofac的飼料,Farm N°1,Farm N°2,Farm N°3,+

29、42%,+82%,Quantiti consummed (g),Quantiti consummed (g),3 Batches,Total quantity of feed per litter,Total quantity of feed per litter,1st days after weaning,Total quantity per piglet,Total quantity per piglet,每窩飼料消耗量,斷奶后一

30、天的仔豬采食量,40% of ADG variation from de 0 to 34 days is explained by feed intake in the first week after weaning34日齡前平均日增重的40%取決于斷奶后第一周的采食量,Bruininx 2002,First : Feed consumption,,Protéin from milkLactose乳制品提供

31、蛋白和乳糖,Equilibrium between raw and cooked céréals:Wheat, barley, biscuits熟化與未加工谷物的平衡小麥、大麥、餅干,Adapted Nutritional levels適合的營養(yǎng)水平 ,,Organic Acids有機酸,Enzymes消化酶,Levucell SB布拉迪,Fibers with high Hydratation c

32、apacity高水合能力的纖維,PigletsFeeds,Fatty acids and fat脂肪酸和脂肪,AntiOxydants, Vit抗氧化劑與生物素,Methyl donnors甲基供體,Essencial oils精油,….,Second : Feed Quality 其次： 飼料的品質,Second : Feed Quality =,More than nutritionna

33、l levels,,Raw material quality 飼料原料的品質= Protein quality (high sensibility) 蛋白的品質（較高的敏感性） Fiber quality (soluble & insoluble) 纖維的品質（可溶&不可溶） Fat quality 脂肪的品質 S

34、tarch quality 淀粉的品質 Milk products quality 乳制品的品質 Probiotics 益生菌的選擇 …. Mycotoxins 霉菌毒素 Oxydations 氧化,Sélection of safety raw materials安全飼料原料的選擇,Limit s

35、oja meal 限制豆粕的使用Technological Process, ? antinutritionnals factors and take out their sensibilising factors (? inflammation)適宜的加工處理技術能降低抗營養(yǎng)因子水平、清除特異性過敏原，降低炎性反應發(fā)生風險,Farine soya standard,Conc. protéines soya,S

36、3;lection of safety raw materials安全飼料原料的選擇,,,,,,,,Soja meal 豆粕,Soja meal treated 熟化豆粕,Plasma 血漿,Milk serum 乳清,Soja meal treated 熟化豆粕,Patatoe protein 土豆蛋白,,Synthetic amino acids 合成氨基酸,,,,,,,,Exemple of Protein compositi

37、on in special formulation (21 day weaning) : 21日齡斷奶典型配方的蛋白組成,Adapted starchs : 適宜的淀粉,Trial Wheat Cooked wheat,Cereals variety and quality is important :Use of cooked wheat and oat, cakes and BarleyCooked Ri

38、ce could be very interesting谷物多樣性和品質均至關重要使用熟化的小麥、燕麥、餅干和大麥熟化大米的效果可能也非常好,Exemple of T-S Trials,Adapted starchs : 適宜的淀粉,Exemple of starch content in special formulation (21 day weaning) :21日齡斷奶配方中淀粉來源的舉例,Cake 蛋糕,Barley

39、大麥,CookedWheat熟化小麥,High Quality Wheat高品質小麥,,Adaptated Feeds :適宜的飼料,In my company we developed 9 different types of starters : 9種類型的淀粉針對不同的應用方案,Special gut protection, (days before weaning, 5 days after), 針對

40、保護腸道，斷奶前至斷奶后5天使用Spécial diahrea sensibility, low protein level Spécial diahrea sensibility, normal protein level 針對腹瀉敏感性選擇淀粉，并配合不同蛋白水平Spécial weaning 19 days, 針對不同斷奶日齡選擇淀粉Spécia

41、l weaning 23 days, 并考慮是否需要著重保護菌群穩(wěn)定性Spécial weaning 28 days , with flora protectionSpécial weaning 28 days without high protectionSpécial weaning 23 days, with antibiotic use (probiotic inside)

42、Spécial weaning 28 days, with antibiotic use (probiotic inside)針對不同斷奶日齡且使用抗生素的情況，此時必須添加益生菌保護,Exemple of extreme formulation,Spécific feed free antibiotic trend :,Raw materials,Exemple of nutrient levels :,E

43、xemple of nutrient levels :,Amino acids :,Exemple of nutrient levels :,Exemple of premix content :,Extract…,Adaptated solutions : exemple of 21 days weaning product21日齡斷奶的方案實例,,Acidification 酸化劑Sorbic + Benzoic +..山梨

44、酸+苯甲酸+,Essentials oils 精油Thymol/Eugenol/Carvacrol麝香草酚/丁香油酚/香芹酚,Resistant Starch抗性淀粉,Fat emulsifier乳化劑,Clay : smectite蒙脫石,Probiotic益生菌,….,Soluble&Insoluble fiber可溶和不可溶纖維,Good Flora,Adaptated Probiotic : 適宜的益生菌,

45、Several probiotics have been tested, selection has been done based on :根據下面的選擇依據已經對許多益生菌進行過篩選1- resistance again antibiotics, 抗生素敏感性2- resistance again acidification, 酸化劑敏感性3- ability to promote cellulolitic fl

46、ora, 纖維分解菌促進能力4- ability to promote lactic flora, 乳酸菌的促進能力5- direct property to struggle again E. Coli 直接抵抗大腸桿菌的能力6- direct effect on inflamation 對炎癥反應的直接效果7- heat resistance during processing 飼料加工工藝的熱穩(wěn)定性,,Live

47、yeast preferred 活酵母最終勝出,4,1,LEVUCELL®SB :SPECIFIC PROBIOTIC YEAST布拉迪®特殊的益生菌酵母,Identity and Selection 鑒定與篩選b) Strain : Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079菌株：釀酒酵母布拉氏亞種CNCM I-1079菌株c) LEVUCELL&#

48、174; SB : Mode of Action 作用模式d) LEVUCELL® SB : Main Applications and Role 主要應用與效果,Third : 第三點,5,1.a,: A WORLD LEADER IN YEAST AND BACTERIA PRODUCTION世界頂尖的酵母和細菌生產供應商,1. Global leader in microbial selection and scr

49、eening: ? More than 1,000 yeast strains in Lallemand culture collection.拉曼擁有上千株菌株的微生物種質資源2. State of the art production processes for microbial products: ? More than 25 specialized yeast & bacter

50、ia production plants around the world. 全球超過25家專業(yè)化的酵母和細菌發(fā)酵工廠3. Effective animal research and biotechnology network: ? 3 labs fully dedicated to screening, processing and stability, 三所實驗室致力于菌株篩選、

51、加工和穩(wěn)定性 ? Research partnerships with world-class expertise centres: University of Nottingham, INRA, BRI… 世界頂尖的研究機構長期合作研究諾丁漢大學、法國農業(yè)科學院、加拿大國家生物技術研究所…..,Identity and Selection 鑒定與篩選,1.a,? Bakers yea

52、st : Maltose utilization…? Brewers yeast : Bitter Attenuation… ? Wine yeast : Flavor, Color…? Distillers yeast: Fermentation rate, alcohol tolerance…,Objectives? Regulation of intestinal microflora 協調腸道菌群?

53、 Stimulation of immune system 刺激免疫系統(tǒng)? Improved intestinal structure and function 改善腸道結構與功能,6,Identity and Selection 鑒定與篩選,7,1.b,OLD STORY BUT PROMISING FUTURE!,Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii 釀酒酵母布拉氏亞種,19

54、20. 發(fā)現 Identification of the active ingredient of a traditional Asian medicine (infusion of lychee hulls) against infant diarrhea : Dr Boulard discovered and isolated a specific yeast strain and named it «boulardii&

55、#187;.1962. 治療人腹瀉的藥物上市 First form of boulardii active yeast recognized and marketed as a probiotic in human medicine. Since then, a huge amount of fundamental research on mode of action and application of boulardii in h

56、uman medicine has been generated.1993. 歐盟首次批準用于動物 First EU registration of a S.c.boulardii (CNCM I-1079 / LEVUCELL® SB) specific active yeast for use as a gut flora stabilizer in animal nutrition.1997. 完成分類學鑒定boul

57、ardii was classified as a variety of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its genetic similarity and its functional differences are recognized.Today, 廣泛使用LEVUCELL® SB is authorized and marketed in more than 44 countries.,Rese

58、arch bibliography booklet : ? Selection of 48 references related to S.c.boulardii in swine feeding. ? Abstracts in their original version.,8,1.b,S.c.boulardii is one of the most documented

59、probiotic strain. The product already has an important scientific background and is still under scope for further documenting new applications and better understanding of its

60、 specific mode of action. LEVUCELL® SB matches perfectly the trend to develop sustainable, effective and documented solutions for animal production.,Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii釀酒酵母布拉氏亞種,這頁可以去掉,

61、42,LEVUCELL®SB : Mode of Action,Objective : IMPROVEMENT OF GUT FUNCTION AND NATURAL SELF-DEFENSES改善腸道天然自體防御體系,1.c,LEVUCELL®SB : Mode of Action 作用模式,10,1.c,1st LINE OF DEFENSE :REGULATION OF INTESTINAL MICROFL

62、ORA第1道防線: 調整腸道微生物菌群,Stimulation of positive microflora刺激有益菌增殖,Reduced attachment of undesirable bacteria減少病原菌附著,Oxygen consumption清除殘余氧,Adhesion粘附作用,Neutralisation中和作用,LEVUCELL®SB : Mode of Action,Unique mode

63、of action Neutralisation of microbial toxins (C.difficile, E.coli, ...)特異性細菌毒素中和功能,48,Faster O2 consumption with LEVUCELL®SB than with the other yeast strains布拉迪@ 比其他酵母菌株的耗氧速度更快,LEVUCELL® SB role in the hind

64、gut? Oxygen scavenging in the caecum and the colon.盲結腸清除殘余氧? Better anaerobic conditions. 提高厭氧微環(huán)境? Better fermentation rate. 提高發(fā)酵速度? More energy released from the same diet shorter time (SCFA > energy)相同日糧因發(fā)酵產生短

65、鏈脂肪酸供能而提供更高能值,Oxygen consumption,10 mL of a 0.1% resazurin solution+990 mL distilled water+5 g NaHCO3,16,1.c,2nd LINE OF DEFENSE :MAINTENANCE OF GOOD INTESTINAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION第二道防線：維持腸道正常結構和功能,Improved villu

66、s heightand crypt depth增加絨毛長度、隱窩深度,Improved barrier function.維持腸道上皮天然屏障功能,(University of Nottingham 2012),(University of Milan 2002),LEVUCELL®SB : Mode of Action,LEVUCELL®SB : Mode of Action,46,Improvement

67、of physical barrier (gut)腸道物理屏障的改善,P < 0,05,P < 0,01,P < 0,01,P < 0,05,Control,+Levucell SB,Tight junction 緊密連接,,47,,跨膜蛋白,長度約50~400nm，無縫隙；跨膜結構（緊密連接封閉索）由跨膜蛋白+胞質附著蛋白（粘附分子）構成。主要跨膜蛋白為封閉蛋白Claudin和密封蛋白Occlud

68、in。ZO具有封閉和維持柵欄柵：阻止2個不同功能區(qū)之間相互彌散形成細胞極性屏蔽：對分子大小、離子類型、細胞滲透性有選擇性，調節(jié)胞間小分子運輸,跨膜蛋白,緊密連接粘附因子,胞質附著蛋白ZO,肌球蛋白,肌動蛋白,,Piglets fed LEVUCELL®SB show up-regulated genesin the colon 飼喂布拉迪的仔豬呈現結腸上調基因,Watts et al., unpublished.

69、MCOE,48,,,,,4 / 10related to gut wall function,免疫與神經內分泌,催產素信號,調節(jié)肌動蛋白穩(wěn)定細胞骨架,緊密連接,信號轉換,信號轉換,細胞骨架構型,12,1.c,3rd LINE OF DEFENSE :ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE PROPERTIES第三道防線：抗炎性和免疫特性,Less piglets mortality following