網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育環(huán)境下外語(yǔ)教學(xué)的生態(tài)課堂優(yōu)化

1、網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育環(huán)境下外語(yǔ)教學(xué)的生態(tài)課堂優(yōu)化,張瑞紅 韓久全河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院 河北保定 071000,摘要,生態(tài)危機(jī)是現(xiàn)代人類面臨的“全球性問(wèn)題”之一。在全球生態(tài)化的影響下,研究者們運(yùn)用生態(tài)哲學(xué)的基本原理對(duì)教育系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的各子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究的過(guò)程中提出了教學(xué)生態(tài)觀。生態(tài)教育理念認(rèn)為人是信息生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的“中堅(jiān)種群”，其核心價(jià)值是促進(jìn)人在信息生態(tài)中的全面發(fā)展。在教育的整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，課堂作為其中的一個(gè)生態(tài)因子，是實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育的主渠道.教

2、學(xué)過(guò)程就是學(xué)生、教師之間借助教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)手段等進(jìn)行平等對(duì)話的過(guò)程。本文對(duì)針對(duì)近些年教育技術(shù)在教育領(lǐng)域的不斷應(yīng)用，基于教學(xué)過(guò)程中的兩個(gè)生態(tài)平衡：民主的教態(tài)和自主的學(xué)態(tài)，分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育環(huán)境下，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)課堂生態(tài)優(yōu)化實(shí)施的方法和途徑。 關(guān)鍵詞：網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)，課堂教學(xué)生態(tài)，優(yōu)化,Optimization of Ecological Class in  Foreign Language Teaching,Abstract: E

3、cological crisis is one of the global problems that human have to face. Influenced by the global ecological trend, reseachers proposed the views of teaching ecology in the process of studying the subsystems of the educat

4、ional system based on the principles of ecological philosophy. Ideas of Ecological Education assume that human is the central group, and its core values is to promote human’s all- round development in the information eco

5、logy. In the whole ecological system of education, class teaching is among the ecological factors, and is considered as the main way of quality education. Teaching is a process of equal dialogue between teachers and stud

6、ents in the help of teaching contens, teaching means and etc. This paper, considering the increasing application of educational technology in recent years, analyzes how to optimize the class teaching ecology in the forei

7、gn language teaching in the basis of two ecological balance of teaching process: teacher’s democratic manner and student’s autonomic manner in learning. As a result, the final goal of training the talents with high quali

8、ties and all-round development is completed with the teaching.,Key words: online education, foreign language teaching, class teaching ecology, optimization,Optimization of Ecological Class in

9、60;Foreign Language Teaching,IntroductionThe necessity of optimizing the ecological class Ways of optimizing the ecological class Summary,Optimization of Ecological Class in  Foreign Language Teaching,In the 21t

10、h century, the coming of the global Internet era brought a new education model to the reform on teaching and education --- Online Education. It is not only the important part of modern distance education, but will be the

11、 main education model of this century in high education. Online teaching brought the convenience to class teaching, and even more, became a challenge to the traditional class teaching.,1. Introduction,The best way of ach

12、ieving the good teaching effect is the complement and co-existence of two class teachings. Class, as among the ecological factors, is the main channel of quality education and of keeping the ecological balance of teachin

13、g. In the micro-ecosystem of class teaching, how to develop the harmonious relationship between them becomes the focus on education reform.,1. Introduction,Teachers’ manner and students’ attitude in learning benefit for

14、the establishment of good ecological balance at class. The construction of two important ecological balances: teachers’ democratic manner and students’ automatic manner in the teaching process, contribute to the two conc

15、erning ecological factors: teacher and student.,Introduction,2. The necessity of optimizing the ecological class,2.1 State analysis,2.2 The ecological class teaching,In the recent years the internationized feature in the

16、 high education has become clearer and clearer, however, College English Teaching in China can not meet the international development. Though many universities have made some reforms and attempts in teaching system, mode

17、l and method and etc, it is not nearly enough to change radically the state of College English Teaching in the high education.,2.1 State analysis,The expansion of undergraduate led to the teaching way of large class whic

18、h took bad effect on organizing the interactivities between the ecological factors: teachers and students, or students and students at class. Most Class are still the "One-way Presentation" of teacher-centered

19、method, the "Interactive Communication" is hard to be realized.,2.1 State analysis,Teaching aims at the examination:This examination-oriented education system breaks the laws of language learning, and studen

20、ts are lack of opportunities in practising and using language, and lack of interactivities between teachers and students. All these disadvantages contribute to the lose of balance in the teaching ecosystem, naturally stu

21、dents are easy to lose their activities and learning interests.,2.1 State analysis,English learning is not only to study a language itself. Language is the carrier of culture. The short 45 minute- class has no way to car

22、ry all these rich cultural implications to learners. The present single English teaching model cannot meet the demands and laws of language learning. Online classs, as an assisted teaching way of the traditional class, c

23、an provide the rich resources of language and culture, and can also bring more visual resources to help learners understand and feel the native accent、native expression.,2.1 State analysis,As professor Gu Yueguo proposed

24、 that online education can provide the best educational ecosystem for learners. Internet provides a better joint for the integration between class teaching and information technology. The combination of two class teachin

25、gs can motivate teachers and students, the two ecological factors to optimize the teaching process and learning effects.,2.1 State analysis,American educator Waller. firstly proposed the theory of “ecology of classroom

26、” in his Sociology of Education. From the perspectives of educational ecology, ecological class means that in class teaching the environment should be harmonious and benefit for students’ sustainable development. In the

27、micro-ecological system of class, the final aim is to direct educatees’ body and mind to suit the natural and social development, and promote social progress and ecological balance.,2.2 The ecological class teaching,The

28、 central values of ecolgoical system of education in online environment  is to promote theachers’ and students’ all-round development in the information ecology, and place emphasis on the harmonious interreaction be

29、tween man, technology and teaching practice. Online teaching makes up for tha lack of traditional class, the co-exisistence and complement of the virtual and real classes built up an effectively ecological environment fo

30、r students’ automatic learning.,2.2 the ecological class teaching,The two central groups teachers and students constitute two important balances of teching process: teachers’ democratic manner and students’ automatic man

31、ner in independent learning, which natrually become the keys in the dynamic ecosystem between teaching and learning.,2.2 the ecological class teaching,In the educational ecosystem, teaching is a key link and a dynamic pr

32、ocess referring to the harmonious development of the ecological factors during the class teaching. The practices indicated that the optimization of the ecological class teaching can be realized only through keeping the b

33、alance of two kinds of manners in the process of teaching: teachers’ democratic manner and students’ automatic manner in learning.,3.The ways of optimizing the ecological class teaching,The ways of optimizing the

34、ecological class teaching,3.1 teachers’ democratic manner 3.1.1. Respect 3.1.2. Expectation 3.1.3 Appreciation 3.1.4. Encouragement 3.1.5 Empowerment3.2 students’ automatic manner in

35、 independent learning3.3 establishing the internet suitable to learners’ independent learning,Teachers’ manner as a key factor during the teaching process plays an important hand in students’ moral devel

36、opment. The expression of good manner as a teacher has something with his or her moral and intellectual character, and his or her whole quality.,3.1 teachers’ democratic manner,In online environment, class is transformed

37、 from the teacher-oriented to the student-oriented teaching, Teacher is not only a teacher, but more a facilitator, organizer, supervisor, trainer or friend. As a teacher, how to do can form the democratic manner? First

38、ly, teacher should have the democratic concept in teaching process.Secondly, possessing more equally educational behavior is very necessary to teachers, especially to the disadvantageous group. Thirdly teacher with a g

39、ood manner should be of several consciounesses:,In contemporary society and classroom, respect goes both ways. It is not a given, and needs to be earned. New-type relationship between teacher and student in online enviro

40、nment should develop the mutual respect.,3.1.1. Respect,All of students do something in the hope of their success, even more they devote their “expectation” to inner confidence in learning and daily life. Therefore teach

41、ers should believe that every one would be successful, and convey this belief to students through teachers’ eyes, smiles, intonation and etc, make them feel teachers’ support and facilitation.,3.1.2. Expectation,Teachers

42、 should use appreciation education, find students’ “Sparking Point” and appreciate their values, help them to cultivate the Self-confidence. Teachers with good manners are often good at finding their strongpoint, commend

43、 and moderately encourage them, and let them feel the happiness of success. ,3.1.3 Appreciation,Teachers are natural advise-givers and problem-solvers. Teachers should show their encouragement through the behaviors. Wha

44、t teachers want to do is to become a guide or encourager who assists the student in exploring and discovering various solutions to his own problem. The achievement of encouragement education also depend on teachers’words

45、, smiles and eyes or other body languages and so on.,3.1.4. Encouragement,The power over one’s life is a key component to self-esteem. Empowerment for students, is the better way of experiencing the ability to make a dif

46、ference in her life and in the life of those around her. And their successes can also set up a good model for others to motivate their activity in teaching.,3.1.5 Empowerment,Independent learning involves pupils taking t

47、he initiative in recognising learning requirements and undertaking activities to meet them. Online class provides students with a favorable environment to enable them to become more successfully independent learner

48、s. More importantly, man’s subjective initiative plays a dominated role in language learning. Learner’s self-independent learning is a key factor in the succession of language learning.,3.2 students’ automatic manner

49、 in independent learning,Only establishing the learning purpose, learners can set the learning goals based on their own level, and choose the learning contents demanding in the completion of their learning goals, fin

50、ally realize their learning purposes.,3.2 students’ automatic manner in independent learning,To the students, what is the right manner in the independent learning? The key point is that every student should set t

51、he clearly defined goals in learning to motivate their inner enthusiasm and interest. Then, students should cultivate the habit of independent learning, train the good ability of learning and emotion, attitude and values

52、. It is very necessary for the authorities or teachers to offer them explicit instructions, keep them under supervisation, give them proper formative evaluation.,3.2 students’ automatic manner in independent lear

53、ning,The Network-based instruction can help learners strengthen their linguistic skills by positively affecting their learning attitude and by helping them build self-instruction strategies and promote their self-confide

54、nce. The internet suitable to learners’ independent learning is the best way of achieving such a result.,3.3 establishing the internet suitable to learners’ independent learning,First is to fully use the internet. Onlin

55、e class offers the students the rich resources and wide space, learner can freely choose the content and exercises wtih different levels to strenthen the understanding of the studied knowledge, and do the extensive readi

56、ng about the background information of language.,3.3 establishing the internet suitable to learners’ independent learning,Second, building a good system of supervisationTheoretically, the independent learning in onlin

57、e environment, learner can get rich reference materials and resources. Therefore, students easily attain the learning purpose only through choosing the suitable content, reasonable teaching methods. But in reality, there

58、 are some students lacking the ability of controlling themselves, of self-management and of firm perseverance in learning.,3.3 establishing the internet suitable to learners’ independent learning,Therefore, the benefita

59、ble feedback should be built up in the net system to supervize and control the learning processs and comment the teaching result, and to help students form the high effective and individual learning way. On the one hand,

60、 student can check his or her own record through the net, and on other hand, teachers can also make the update score based on the record of exercises and the completion of self-test on Internet, finally set the total sco

61、re.,3.3 establishing the internet suitable to learners’ independent learning,The intergrated pattern of online and traditional foreign language teachings will bring out a more favorable environment for the learner, and

62、set up the harmonious relationship between the two central ecological factors teacher and student. In the whole microecosystem of class learner’s subjective role and teacher’s leading role are fully brought out, and the

63、two balances of the good teaching and learning manner are kept to optimize the ecological class.,Summary,1.金建生等, 構(gòu)建生命發(fā)展生態(tài)課堂[J].成都：《教育科學(xué)論 壇》，2005.12.2.王東敏.關(guān)注課堂生態(tài)[J].杭州：《江蘇教育研究》，2004.9.3.王篤勤.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的培養(yǎng)[J]. 上海:

64、《外語(yǔ)界》, 2002 (5):17-23.4.王牧華、靳玉樂(lè)：生態(tài)主義課程思潮引論[J].沈陽(yáng)：《遼寧師 范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》（社會(huì)科學(xué)版），2000.４.5.汪霞 我們的課堂生態(tài)了嗎? [J]. 上海:《全球教育展望》 （2005.5）6.文秋芳.《英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的成功之路》[M]. 上海: 上海外語(yǔ)教育出版 社, 2003.7.張豪鋒，卜彩麗. 略論學(xué)習(xí)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)[J]. 北京：《中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)程教育》