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1、1本科畢業(yè)論文英文文獻(xiàn)本科畢業(yè)論文英文文獻(xiàn)外文題目：外文題目：ClusterClusterTechniquesTechniquesasasaMethodMethodtotoAnalyzeAnalyzeIndustrialIndustrialCompetitivenessCompetitiveness出處：處：InternationalInternationalAdvancesAdvancesininEconomicEconomicRes

2、earchResearch作者：者：MichaelMichaelPenederPeneder原文:ClusterTechniquesasaMethodtoAnalyzeIndustrialCompetitivenessMichaelPenederABSTRACTPtersinfluentialstudyonthecompetitiveadvantageofnationsinspiredamethodologicallyextendedw

3、konAustriandata.IncontrasttoPtersanalysiscompetitivenessisdeterminedendogenouslybymeansofstatisticalclustertechniques.Avoidinghis“cutoff“approach“well““badly“perfmingindustriesaretheobjectsofanalysis.Theresultingclusterc

4、entersconstitutethetypicalpatternofcompetitivenessfthechosentradeindicatswhiletheclassificationsproducea“map“ofAustrianindustrialexptperfmance.Theresultsfurthershowthat:1)clusteredindustriesgenerallyarerareinthecaseofAus

5、tria2)someofthemarelocatedindecliningcrisisshakensects3)competitivenessunderlinestheimptanceoftransnationallinks(asopposedtonarrownationalboundaries)fthefmationofsuccessfulindustries.(JELL10)INTRODUCTIONPters[1990]influe

6、ntialstudyonthecompetitiveadvantageofnationsinspiredthismethodologicallyextendedwkonAustriandata.BasicallybuildinguponMarshalls[1920]insightsintotheregionalconcentrationofeconomicactivitiesPterstronglyemphasizestheimptan

7、ceofindustrialclustersacterizedbythepresenceofsuccessfulhizontally3Althoughitisafrequentobjectiveinappliedeconomicresearchcompetitivenessasaconcepthasstayedrathervaguelacksauniversallyaccepteddefinitionaswellasabroadcons

8、ensusontheappropriateempiricalmeasure[Bellak1992].“Theabilitytoearnsustainablehighincomeswhileatthesametimebeingabletomaintainimproveonsocialenvironmentalstards“[Aiginger1987]maybethebestdefinitionofindustrialcompetitive

9、nessonanabstractlevelbecauseitdemsmeasurementthatgoesbeyondthemequantitybasedindicatsliketradespecializationmarketsharesalone.The“abilitytoearnsustainablehighincomes“dependsaswellonqualityindicatsaccdinglyonthelevelofpri

10、cesthatcanbeged.Reflectingboththequantitativeaswellasqualitativedimensionsofcompetitivenessfourvariableshavebeenchosentoentertheclusteringalgithminstardizedfmonthebasisofmeanvaluesftheyears199092.Theirunderlyingsymmetric

11、structureguaranteestheirimplicitequalweightingintheclusteringprocessasisdisplayedinTable1.Actuallythereisasignificantcrelationbetweentwopairsofvariablesnamelybetweenmarketsharestradespecializationaswellasbetweencomparati

12、vepriceadvantagerelativeexptunitvalues.Bothofthemarenobigsurprisesinceeachpairshareonecommonfactwhichareexptvaluesexptpricesrespectively.ButnoneofthemcouldbelabelledredundantMASoffersinfmationabouttherelativeimptanceofan

13、industryonaninternationallevelTSPonthenationallevel.CPAgivesanalogousinsightsintotheverticalcompositionofpriceswhileRUVdoessohizontally.TABLE1StructuralRelationshipsBetweentheChosenIndicatsofTradePerfmance———————————————

14、——————————————————————unitdimensionverticalrelationshiphizontalrelationshipofcomparison:(Austrianexpts(AustrianversusVersusimpts)internationaldata)tradevolumesTradeSpeCializationInternationalMarketsharesTSPi=XiautMiautMA

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