根據(jù)《薩班斯法案》第404條的內(nèi)部控制功能來完善歐洲的風險管理【外文翻譯】

1、外文文獻翻譯外文文獻翻譯原文：PerfminganInternalControlFunctiontoSustainSOX404ImproveRiskManagement:EvidencefromEuropeTheglobaleconomiccrisiswehaveallexperiencedsincethefallof2008resultedfromacomplexsetoffacts.Oneofthemostapparentcause

2、swasflawedmanagementofinternalcontrolsystems.FexampleinEuropeparticularlyinFranceinternalcontrolfailuresseverelyimpactedAirbusIndustrie(asubsidiaryoftheEADSgroup)in2006SocitGnralein2008.Bothcasesmarkedtheneedfganizations

3、tomanagetheirinternalcontrolriskmanagementsystemsmeeffectively.InthecaseofAirbusIndustriethefactthatatwoyearproductiondelayonthenewAirbusA380wentundetectedwasaclearsignofinternalcontroldysfunction.InthecaseofSocitGnralet

4、hefactthatfnearlyayearthetraderJromeKervielwasabletoinvesttensofbillionsofEurosunbeknownsttoeitherexternalinternalauditswasalsoasignofinternalcontrolfailure.1Atthesametimethatthesemalfunctionsoccurredhoweveroperatingrept

5、sfbothcompaniesconcludedthatinternalcontrolriskmanagementsystemsweresolidcurrentlawsoninternalcontrolsecuritywerebeingrespected.2IntheaftermathofsuchdevelopmentsonalargerscaletheEnronWldComParmalatscalsmeasureshavebeenta

6、kentoreestablishinvestconfidence.AmongthemanewseriesofnmssuchastheSarbanesOxleyAct(SOX)itsinternationalequivalents(finstancetheLawofFinancialSecurity(LFS)inFrance)havecompelledcompaniesto“institutionalize”methodsfmanagin

7、grisksachievingentityobjectives.3AccdingtoPaulDiMaggioWalterPowell“institutionalization”istheprocessbywhichsocialprocessestakeonthestatusofrulesgoverningcpatethoughtaction.4Thesenewregulationshavehadtremendousimpactonman

8、agementpracticesoflate.Combinedwiththeclimateofeconomiccrisissuchchangeshavefuelledintenseinterestininternalentityobjectives.OntheotherhtheexplicitgoalofSOXistoimprovethetransparencytimelinessqualityoffinancialrepting.Th

9、einternalcontrolrequirementsofSOXSection404requiremanagementtotakeownershipofinternalcontrolsoverfinancialreptingbyassessingpubliclyreptingontheireffectiveness.8Butbecauseimprovedcontrolsoverfinancialreptingalsohavebenef

10、icialmanagementeffectsSOXhasprofoundimplicationsfinternalcontrolsystems.ThusitisimptantfanyoneinterestedinmanagementcontrolsystemstounderstthemainelementsofSOX.9ZabihollahRezaeeMichaelHolthaveexplainedthemanylegalsection

11、sofSOXbuttherearespecificcomponentsoftheActthatareofinteresttomostcompanies.10Section108defineswhat“acceptedaccountingprinciplespractices”arewhichareobligatyinacompany’saccountingsystem.Sections201202definewhichservicese

12、xternalauditscanperfm.Sections204205301requiretheestablishmentofanAuditCommittee.MostimptantSection302requiresthatCEOsCFOscertifythattheirinternalcontrolsystemwksthattheirreptsarecrect.Inconjunctionwith302Section404makes

13、theestablishmentofaneffectiveinternalcontrolsystemmaty.Section406requiresallsenifinancialexecutivestosignacodeofethics.FinallySection906callsfperiodicreptsstipulatestheircontentrequiresthattheycontainallpertinentinfmatio

14、n.TocomplywiththesestardsmostcompanieshaveadoptedtheframewkoftheCommitteeofSponsingganizationsoftheTreadwayCommission(COSO)tocreatetheirinternalcontrolsystem.InbroadtermsaccdingtotheEnterpriseRiskManagement—IntegratedFra

15、mewkacompanyfirstneedstoestablisha“controlenvironment”thatsetsthetoneftheentireganizationincreasescontrolawarenesswithinitsstaff.Itshouldthenperfmacompanywide“riskassessment.”Inadditionitshouldfmulate“controlactivities”i

16、.e.policiesproceduresthathelpensurethatmanagementdirectivesarecarriedout.Meoveritshouldinstitutea“monitingsystem”toverifythatthefegoingactivitiesarecarriedoutadheredto.11Toaccomplishtheseobjectiveseachcompanyneedstostruc