地理學(xué)術(shù)論文中、英文寫作

1、地理學(xué)術(shù)論文（中、英文）寫作,由于文化的差異和英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言本身的特點(diǎn)，英語(yǔ)科技論文寫作雖然在目的性上與用其它語(yǔ)言形式的科技論文寫作是相同的，但是還有其自己的語(yǔ)言特征、文體要求和格式變化。,科技論文體例,因?qū)W科不同、研究項(xiàng)目、過(guò)程和結(jié)果不同，科技論文可以有多種寫作方法和體例結(jié)構(gòu)。從20世紀(jì)20年代開始，科技工作者從大量的論文中，總結(jié)出了其表達(dá)方式的共同規(guī)律，逐步形成了一種較為嚴(yán)密而又符合邏輯的慣用格式；從此，雖然各種論文所涉及的內(nèi)容各不相同，

2、論證的方法各有差異，實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法與手段相差很大，但是論文由哪些部分組成已有規(guī)范可循；其常見的構(gòu)成格式有：標(biāo)題、署名、作者單位(通常在第一頁(yè)底端的黑線下還要簡(jiǎn)要介紹作者的姓名、年齡、職稱、學(xué)位等內(nèi)容）、摘要、關(guān)鍵詞、引言、正文，結(jié)論、致謝、腳注、參考文獻(xiàn)和附錄等。,標(biāo)題,標(biāo)題的作用：讓讀者了解論文的研究領(lǐng)域，本文區(qū)別于其他研究的特征；協(xié)助檢索一個(gè)令人滿意的標(biāo)題，既不要過(guò)于概括，以至流于空泛，一般化；也不宜過(guò)于繁瑣，使人得不出鮮明印

3、象，難于記憶和引證。標(biāo)題要避免使用籠統(tǒng)、空泛、冗長(zhǎng)、模棱兩可、夸張、華而不實(shí)以及與同類論文題目雷同的字眼。,標(biāo)題_書寫格式(1),1. 開頭第一個(gè)字母大寫，專有名詞大寫，其余全部小寫。 Appraisal of typical rural development models during rapid urbanization in the eastern coastal region of China Detecting

4、the spatial differentiation in settlement change rates during rapid urbanization in the Nanjing metropolitan region, China,標(biāo)題_書寫格式(2),2. 開頭及每個(gè)實(shí)詞開頭字母大寫，?5個(gè)字母的介詞、連詞第一個(gè)字母大寫 Mountains and Climate Change: A Global Concern

5、 Quantifying the Effect of Ecological Restoration on Soil Erosion in China’s Loess Plateau Region: An Application of the MMF Approach,標(biāo)題_書寫格式(3),3. 全部字母大寫WATER ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF THE HEIHE RIVER BASIN IN ARID

6、 NORTHWESTERN CHINA,標(biāo)題_書寫格式(4),第1、2種形式最常用，普遍用于各種刊物和文摘雜志一般主張采用第1種形式，可讀性較強(qiáng)第3種形式一般用于計(jì)算機(jī)檢索系統(tǒng)，比較難讀,標(biāo)題_書寫格式(5),一般標(biāo)題多帶有“ 研究”、“ 試驗(yàn)”“、初探”、“ 初報(bào)”、“效果”、“ 影響”等等。 e.g.Study of Study on Experiments of Experimental

7、 study of Effect of … on An preliminary report of,標(biāo)題_注意事項(xiàng)(1),1. 標(biāo)題不宜太長(zhǎng)，也不宜太短標(biāo)題太長(zhǎng)易顯繁瑣，不易引起讀者興趣，太短則易流于籠統(tǒng)、空泛甚至模糊。一般不超過(guò)20個(gè)詞，控制在12個(gè)詞左右為宜。英美科技期刊要求題目不超過(guò)12個(gè)詞或100個(gè)字符（包括間隔在內(nèi)）。,標(biāo)題_注意事項(xiàng)(2),Solubility Studies (太籠統(tǒng)）Solubi

8、lity of Fluorothene （模糊）A Study of the Phase Equilibria Between Fluorothene and Some Solvents Such as Dibuty/Phthalate And Chlorotrifluoroethylene at Elevated Temperature (冗長(zhǎng)、繁瑣）Phase Equilibria Between Fluorothene and

9、 Organic Solvents （簡(jiǎn)明、具體）,標(biāo)題_注意事項(xiàng)(3),如果一個(gè)短標(biāo)題不足以概括文章的內(nèi)容，可考慮增加副標(biāo)題，兩者之間用冒號(hào)分開。如果是系列文章，可采用多報(bào)形式。e.g.Study on engineering parameters of A301 ammonia synthesis catalyst. I. Determination of shape factorStudy on engineering pa

10、rameters of A301 ammonia synthesis catalyst. II. Experimental measurement of fix-bed heat-transfer parameters,標(biāo)題_注意事項(xiàng)(4),2 .一般采用名詞短語(yǔ)作標(biāo)題。不使用一個(gè)句子或不定式短語(yǔ)，一般也不使用介詞短語(yǔ)，不出現(xiàn)從句。An exploration and study of the production methods o

11、f industrial cupric sulfate （繁瑣）Introduce the exploration and study of the production methods of industrial cupric sulfate （祈使句）Methods of producing of industrial cupric sulfate有些情況下，也有用on引出的介詞短語(yǔ)，表示“ 論（關(guān)于）…”的意思,標(biāo)題_注

12、意事項(xiàng)(5),3. 標(biāo)題必須包括主要的關(guān)鍵詞。標(biāo)題的主要目的有二：一是吸引可能的讀者，二是協(xié)助檢索。因此一定要包含一些關(guān)鍵詞，標(biāo)題應(yīng)該盡可能多的提供計(jì)算機(jī)題目檢索所需要的信息。4. 選用文章內(nèi)容所允許的、盡可能準(zhǔn)確的術(shù)語(yǔ)。例如:使用“a vanadium-iron alloy”,而不是“a magnetic alloy”。,標(biāo)題_注意事項(xiàng)(6),5. 標(biāo)題中開頭的冠詞可以省去(The) application o

13、f microprocessors on processing of chemical heat-treatment6. 標(biāo)題中所有的術(shù)語(yǔ)都應(yīng)該拼寫，而不要用俗語(yǔ)、符號(hào)、公式、略語(yǔ)以及縮寫詞，在可能的情況下，能夠用詞匯，就不要用帶有上標(biāo)、下標(biāo)或其他符號(hào)的表達(dá)式。不要引用公司的名稱、特定的商標(biāo)，或者化學(xué)品、藥物、材料及儀器的品牌。,標(biāo)題_注意事項(xiàng)(7),7. 避免使用下列寫法（19世紀(jì)或更早的標(biāo)題中常出現(xiàn)）：Some Thought

14、s on …A Few Observations on …Some Studies on …,標(biāo)題_注意事項(xiàng)(8),?正式發(fā)表的論文中，編輯會(huì)在標(biāo)題右上方打一個(gè)*，然后在本頁(yè)的腳注（footnote）中注明論文收到時(shí)間及修改后寄達(dá)時(shí)間。我國(guó)雜志中還包括聯(lián)系人、第一作者簡(jiǎn)介，某某基金資助等等信息。 Manuscript received Mar. 11, 2002; revised Nov. 22, 2002 To whom

15、correspondence should be address. Corresponding author. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,署名,?作者姓名作者的姓名要用全稱（full name）外國(guó)人的姓名分三部分： 教名－Christian name, first name, given name, forename

16、 中間名－middle name 姓－surname, family name, last name中國(guó)人的姓名應(yīng)根據(jù)中國(guó)人的習(xí)慣，按漢語(yǔ)的順序以漢語(yǔ)拼音寫出Transfer Characteristics in Mechanically Stirred Airlift Loop Reactors with or Without Static MixersLü Xiaoping, Wang Yanru,署

17、名,在多名作者時(shí)，名字以逗號(hào)分開，最后兩位作者的名字以and相連。Li Gang, Liu Ming, Zhang Yiqi and Wang Xinyi若名字是三個(gè)字，后兩個(gè)可以用縮寫形式給出。,作者單位,論文作者的工作單位（institution） 作者的工作單位一般直接標(biāo)在作者的姓名下。如果作者分屬不同的單位，應(yīng)注明:Cao Yiwei1, Chai Xiaodan1, Desce M.B.2 and Lehn

18、J. M.21 Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China, 1100002 Chimie des Interactions molecularies, College de France, Paris, France,摘要,摘要的英文術(shù)語(yǔ)及概念摘要的英文術(shù)語(yǔ)原來(lái)有兩個(gè)詞匯，一個(gè)是abstract，一個(gè)是summary。“過(guò)去時(shí)”

19、：summary一次文獻(xiàn)的文摘（作者自寫的提要），專門介紹論文的實(shí)質(zhì)性內(nèi)容。abstract二次文摘（他人為文獻(xiàn)編寫的濃縮格式），介紹論文的大致內(nèi)容。,摘要,現(xiàn)在的趨勢(shì)是一篇論文或?qū)Ｖ恼瑹o(wú)論是自寫還是他寫，統(tǒng)稱為abstract，尤其是放在索引資料中一律要用abstract這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，在論文的題目下也一律用這個(gè)詞。summary現(xiàn)在更多的是用于對(duì)文章主要內(nèi)容作再一次扼要的陳述，放在文章的結(jié)尾，目的是為已經(jīng)讀過(guò)正文的讀

20、者歸納出方向性結(jié)論，因此也可稱為小結(jié)。,摘要,Abstract 中文有二種說(shuō)法: 文摘—獨(dú)立存在，單獨(dú)出版，如SCI、EI、CA等 摘要—與原文在一起共同點(diǎn)：從原文中抽出主題內(nèi)容，以簡(jiǎn)練的文字寫寫成，只是準(zhǔn)確、扼要地表述原文內(nèi)容，不加以解釋或評(píng)論。以下統(tǒng)稱為摘要,摘要_類型,按對(duì)原文的壓縮程度，摘要一般分為三類：指示性或說(shuō)明性摘要（indicative or descriptive ab

21、stract）資料性或報(bào)道性摘要（informative abstract）報(bào)道－指示性摘要（informative- indicative abstract）按摘要內(nèi)容，大致分為三類：論著摘要綜述摘要專利摘要,摘要_摘要的長(zhǎng)短,摘要一般不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)，多在100～150詞左右，更確切地說(shuō)，約為原文長(zhǎng)度的1％～5％。美國(guó)有些高校規(guī)定，碩士論文提要以250詞為宜，博士論文以350詞為宜。華東理工大學(xué)規(guī)定：碩士學(xué)位論文摘要250

22、 詞，博士學(xué)位論文摘要500詞。,摘要_應(yīng)具備的要素,簡(jiǎn)明扼要（conciseness）:去除文獻(xiàn)中的次要材料或輔助細(xì)節(jié)。客觀公正（objectivity）:摘要中不應(yīng)有原文中沒(méi)有的信息資料。全面完整（completeness）:要包括主題思想，主要資料，結(jié)論或建議。,摘要_指示性摘要,指示性摘要（indicative or descriptive abstract），也稱說(shuō)明性摘要，只向讀者指出文獻(xiàn)的主要內(nèi)容是什么，主要概括論文的

23、涉及范圍、研究方向和研究目的，以便讀者決定是否有必要閱讀全文。因此，說(shuō)明性摘要的篇幅較短，一般詞數(shù)在50詞以內(nèi)。這類摘要主是泛泛敘述，不涉及實(shí)質(zhì)問(wèn)題，所以一般在科研論文中不予使用，只刊登在文獻(xiàn)索引這類期刊中，也可用于討論性文章、綜述性文章、圖書或某些會(huì)議論文集。,摘要_指示性摘要,This paper presents an analysis of principles of magnetic refrigeration with

24、 application to air conditioning. A comparison with conventional evaporation-condensation gas cycle device is presented. Conclusion concerning the applicability of magnetic refrigeration to air conditioning are made.Co

25、oling water requirements in the petroleum refining, oil shale retorting, coal liquefaction, and coal gasification industries are described.,摘要_資料性摘要,資料性摘要（informative abstract）是原文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)的總結(jié)，盡量多而完整地報(bào)道原文獻(xiàn)中的具體內(nèi)容，涉及論文的主題范圍、研究對(duì)象

26、（裝置、流程、工藝、材料等）及原理、所使用的研究手段和方法、主要研究結(jié)果和結(jié)論、以及建議等方面的內(nèi)容，并列出主要數(shù)據(jù)、公式、圖表。反映論文的基本面貌，一般情況下能夠代替閱讀論文全文。這類摘要適用于研究或試驗(yàn)報(bào)告、研究論文及專題論文。此類文摘篇幅稍長(zhǎng)，一般為100～250詞，多者可達(dá)500詞～1000詞。,摘要_資料性摘要,Selective oxidation kinetics of n-butane to maleic anhy

27、dride in air were studied over a commercial, fixed-bed vanadium-phosphor oxide catalyst. The temperature range was 573-653 K with butane concentrations up to 3 mol % in the feed, which is within flammability limits but b

28、elow ignition temperatures.The rate data were modeled using power low kinetics with product inhibition and included total oxidation and decomposition reactions. Kinetic parameters were estimated using a multiresponse,

29、 nonlinear regression algorithm showing intercorrelation effects. The kinetics were combined with independent measurements of catalyst diffusivity and reactor heat transfer using a one-dimensional heterogeneous reactor m

30、odel. Model predictions and observed temperatures and concentrations from non-isothermal pilot plants compared up to 115 days on stream. Agreement was acceptable with inlet butane concentrations up to 2.7 mol %. For exam

31、ple, runaway was predicted at a temperature 3 K higher than observed. Effectiveness factors around the hot spot were estimated at o.6 with catalyst surface temperature 2-3 K higher than average gas temperature.,摘要_報(bào)道－指示性

32、摘要,對(duì)文獻(xiàn)中的基本內(nèi)容作較為詳盡的報(bào)道性介紹，對(duì)其它部分則作指示性的表述。以最短的篇幅傳遞最大信息量。,摘要_報(bào)道－指示性摘要,Baffle effects on the performance of a catalytic fluidized bed reactor were examined experimentally. The circulating fluidized bed reactor or riser was

33、102 mm in diameter and 6.32 m in height. Reaction was the catalytic decomposition of ozone using FCC particles with a mean diameter of 89 um, impregnated with ferric oxide as catalyst. Four ring-type baffles, mounted hor

34、izontally around the riser wall, were used in this study. Ozone concentrations were measured in both axial and radial directions under various operating conditions in a riser with baffles, the ozone concentration in the

35、radial direction was more uniform and the ozone conversion was higher than that in a riser without baffles except at the lowest gas velocity used. A mathematical model developed accounted for the gas-phase ozone conversi

36、on under various operating conditions. The gas-solid contact efficiency in the riser was discussed in light of the model.,摘要_論著摘要,論著摘要包括期刊論文、會(huì)議論文、技術(shù)報(bào)告、學(xué)位論文、專著等的摘要，內(nèi)容通常有四個(gè)方面： 研究的目的和范圍 研究的方法 研究的結(jié)果 作者對(duì)研究的主要結(jié)論,摘要_論著摘

37、要,A major difficulty affecting the control of product quality in industrial polymerization reactors is the lack of suitable on-line polymer property measurements. In this article a scheme is developed to predict melt ind

38、ex and density in a fluidized-bed ethylene copolymerization reactor. Theoretically-based models are derived to predict quality variables from the available on-line temperature and gas composition measurements. Adjustable

39、 parameters in these models are updated on-line using infrequent laboratory measurements and a recursive parameter estimation technique. The application of this methodology is illustrated using operating data from an ind

40、ustrial reactor. It is shown that both melt index and density can be successfully predicted. Knowledge of product property derivations from desired targets is required so that manufacturers can take corrective actions to

41、 reduce the quantity of off-grade material made and produce a consistent product.,摘要_綜述摘要,綜述通常有專題評(píng)述、政策評(píng)述和書評(píng)等。例如，專題評(píng)述是綜合有代表性的材料，對(duì)某一專題的方向、特點(diǎn)、效果、研究手段和有關(guān)方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)等予以綜合比較，提出作者的看法。,摘要_專利摘要,專利摘要是專利說(shuō)明書的提要，是專利文獻(xiàn)的重要檢索工具。介紹技術(shù)發(fā)明的

42、要點(diǎn)與專利持有人的專利權(quán)范圍。專利摘要屬于專利文獻(xiàn)之一。專利摘要不僅具有科技摘要的一般語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)，而且具有法律文件的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。例如多用長(zhǎng)句，許多專利摘要僅有一、二句，常用wherein, whereby, therein, thereof等詞語(yǔ)連接。,摘要_專利摘要,A continuous process of producing sodium carbonate peroxide for use in laundry co

43、mpositions by introducing separate streams of 50-70% hydrogen peroxide and saturated sodium carbonate solution into a crystallization zone at a pH of 11.5 at about 30℃ for about 8 hours. The reactants are added in essent

44、ially 3.2 molar proportions. Before use, sodium carbonate is freed of iron and heavy metal contaminants by ­treatment with magnesium oxide. The reaction is car­ried out at in the presence of magnesium silicate

45、stabilizer. After separating the product by centrifugation, the mother liquor is concentrated by removal of water by evaporation under vacuum. Fresh charge materials are added to maintain a steady state system.,摘要_結(jié)構(gòu)形式（緊

46、扣題旨）,緊扣題旨圍繞標(biāo)題，深化要旨，每一句話都重復(fù)標(biāo)題中的一、二個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。Corrosion of copper by soft water with different content of humic substances and various temperaturesAn investigation on corrosion of copper in soft water has shown that the c

47、orrosion rate increases with increasing amount of humic substances and with increased additions of CO2. In hot water, the corrosion rate increases with increasing temperature to a maximum. In water without humic substanc

48、es, the corrosion maximum is at about 50℃ and seem to shift towards higher temperatures in water with humic substances. The decreases in corrosion rate at higher temperature may be due to the formation of copper oxide on

49、 the metal surface.,摘要_結(jié)構(gòu)形式（橫向展開）,橫向展開從橫向不同角度來(lái)闡明主題，多層次、多線索的敘述 Heat recovery from gas and liquid in different temperature ranges(1) There are many ways of saving energy in industrial process. (2) Mentioning several

50、 of industry as examples, the author shows how utilization of energy in industrial processes can be improved by heat recovery and the use of waste heat. (3) Cost aspects and profitability are outlined. (4) Measures desig

51、ned to utilize the heat content of vapours as produced in the processing of foodstuffs are described. (5) The author further outlines and evaluated possibilities for process improvements and production increase in a ligh

52、t alloy melting furnace.,摘要_結(jié)構(gòu)形式（總起分述）,總起分述文摘的前一、二句說(shuō)明論題的背景、條件、作用、意義等，接下來(lái)分門別類，呈平行的層次敘述。Study of extraction techniques for heavy metals in the evaluation of aquatic sedimentsThe principle of assessing the usefulness

53、 of chemical extraction techniques are discussed. A suitable general procedure is as follows, on the assumption that the geology of aquatic sediments in polluted and less polluted areas is similar. (1) Extract total heav

54、y metals from sediment samples in polluted area by a method recommended by the Environment Agency, Japan. (2) Extract soluble heavy metals from sediment samples of step 1 with a proposed technique. (3) Calculate the 50%

55、 non-excess probability from the difference of analytical results of step 1 and 2. (4) Extract total heavy metals from sediment samples in a less polluted area by the method of step 1. Calculate the range of distributi

56、on of heavy metal concentrations.,摘要_結(jié)構(gòu)形式（上下勾連）,上下勾連與論文段落相似，句子之間邏輯關(guān)系緊密。Use of blast furnace gas at temperature below 0℃(1) In terms of quality, blast furnace top gas is classified as lean gas. (2) Lean gases have a

57、 low heating value and are of low grade owing to the high nitrogen content. (3)Their unstable ignition characteristics deteriorate if during winter the gas drops to temperatures below zero during conveyance. (4) In view

58、of these negative factors, the combustion of blast furnace top gas therefore requires that specific conditions be met. (5) The author describes one way of using mixed gas under stable conditions.,摘要_結(jié)構(gòu)形式（一氣呵成）,一氣呵成把研究目

59、的、工藝流程、主要方法、專題的動(dòng)向等溶于一句，一氣呵成。專利摘要常用這一結(jié)構(gòu)。Method of converting a downflow/upflow wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system to an upflow single-loop WFGD systemA method of reducing the pressure drop in a downflow/upflo

60、w wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system and improving overall sulfur dioxide collection efficiency by converting the downflow / upflow WFGD system to an upflow single-loop WFGD system including the replacing of the

61、 downflow quencher and related duct work with a bypass for connecting the incoming flue gas duct with the upflow absorber and the adding of a quenching zone in the absorber comprised of spray headers.,摘要_寫作特點(diǎn),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞很簡(jiǎn)單而句子其

62、余成份十分復(fù)雜。大量使用be和have的變化形式做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。使用不提及人的陳述句。經(jīng)常以第三人稱作為主語(yǔ)。以一個(gè)主題句開頭，可以用主動(dòng)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為“作者、本文、本文的目的” 等。也可用被動(dòng)態(tài)，句尾一般不加‘“ in this paper ”時(shí)態(tài)可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。切忌逐字抄原文的句子，必須濃縮或改寫原文的句子。盡量避免使用人們不熟悉的術(shù)語(yǔ)、縮略語(yǔ)、符號(hào)等。文摘下要求寫出主題詞、關(guān)鍵詞，一般3～5個(gè)。,摘

63、要_句子結(jié)構(gòu)（常用句型）,常用句型the principle of is outlinedthe apparatus for is describedthe use of is addressedthe mechanism of …is examinedthe analysis of was carried outthe dependence ofwas esta

64、blishedan account ofis givenautomation of is disscused,,,科技論文本身內(nèi)容的構(gòu)成,完整的論文一般應(yīng)有以下幾部分構(gòu)成一、引言（Introduction）用于簡(jiǎn)介文章的主題、目的和寫作背景，有關(guān)課題的目前狀況及存在的問(wèn)題，在什么情況下開始這項(xiàng)研究，為什么進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究，寫這篇文章的目的和意義，論文要重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題等等。 多數(shù)論文的

65、引言比較短，一般半頁(yè)左右，但也有的引言較長(zhǎng)，可達(dá)一兩頁(yè)。,二、正文（Body）論文的關(guān)鍵部分。包括一些設(shè)想、實(shí)驗(yàn)情況、實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置、獲得的數(shù)據(jù)、證實(shí)的理論等等。作者可通過(guò)定義、描寫、說(shuō)明、舉例、實(shí)驗(yàn)、論證、比較、分析綜合、判斷推理等不同的研究過(guò)程來(lái)證實(shí)作者在引言中所提及的主題。,科技論文本身內(nèi)容的構(gòu)成,科技論文本身內(nèi)容的構(gòu)成,三、結(jié)論或結(jié)束語(yǔ)（Conclusion(s) or Concluding Remarks）是作者通過(guò)正文

66、的論述而形成的總的觀念，是一種很概要的結(jié)論，是整篇論文的結(jié)尾。結(jié)論必須完整、準(zhǔn)確，且邏輯嚴(yán)密。作者也可以根據(jù)所做工作提出今后應(yīng)如何做的意見或方案。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，結(jié)論部分一兩小段的長(zhǎng)度。 有時(shí)作者列出一些結(jié)果，這時(shí)標(biāo)題用results; 有時(shí)則就某一方面的問(wèn)題加以討論，標(biāo)題可用discussion，這種情況下文字可能比較長(zhǎng)。,科技論文本身內(nèi)容的構(gòu)成,四、附錄（Appendix）這一部分不是每篇論文都必需的，主要是對(duì)論

67、文中提及的某個(gè)定理加以證明、對(duì)某一公式進(jìn)行推導(dǎo)、或?qū)δ骋稽c(diǎn)作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明等。 這一部分有時(shí)放在“致謝” 后。,科技論文本身內(nèi)容的構(gòu)成,五、致謝（Acknowledg(e)ment(s)）這一部分也不是每篇論文所必需的。但論文中的內(nèi)容涉及別人對(duì)作者的幫助，則必須要提出致謝。常用的句型有：I’d like to thank… The author wishes to express his sincere

68、 thanks to…I’d like to acknowledge … I acknowledge…Grateful acknowledgement is made to… I would like to express my gratitude to…,科技論文本身內(nèi)容的構(gòu)成,Special gratitude is owed to… I’m grateful to …I greatly appreciate …