中醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作

1、2024/3/23,1,中醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)論文英文寫作,1 寫作目的2 論文結(jié)構(gòu)3 寫作要求4 寫作方法,2024/3/23,2,1. 寫作目的,發(fā)表在國際知名學(xué)術(shù)期刊，如SCI收錄期刊。與中醫(yī)藥有關(guān)的SCI期刊（按2005年收錄分析）（IF/2004年）：(1) Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine   （1.401）  (2) C

2、omplementary Therapies in Medicine   (1.317) (3) Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine     (0.971 )(4) American Journal of Chinese Medicine     (0.593 )(5) Acup

3、uncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research （0.341）,2024/3/23,3,2 論文結(jié)構(gòu) (structure/format),2.1 扉頁 (title page)2.2 正文 (main body)2.3 附錄 (appendix),2024/3/23,4,2.1 Title Page 扉頁 (TAA),TitleAuthor’s full name and professi

4、onal addressAbstract or Summary [Objective, Method, Results, Conclusion]Key words(Supported/funded/granted/sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation (標書號、合同號等）//A project funded by the National “863” Progr

5、am),2024/3/23,5,2.2 Main Body 正文(IMRaD),IntroductionMaterials and methodsResults (and)Discussion(Conclusion),2024/3/23,6,2.3 Appendix 附錄,Acknowledgement References,2024/3/23,7,3 寫作要求 (Requirements),The Uniform Requi

6、rements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (URMSBJ, 5th Ed., 1997) formulated by The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE):,2024/3/23,8,3.1 Introduction 引言,The purpose of an introductio

7、n is to bring the reader into the general area of your study and then state the specific area of study (move from the general to the specific). The introduction shows the scope of your investigation efforts.,2024/3/23,9,

8、Introduction<200 words,背景——Statement of general area or history of problem意義——Statement of importance or need進展——Statement of previous findings, reports or studies (citations)目的——Statement of purpose of current stu

9、dy范圍——Statement of specific area of problem to be studied,2024/3/23,10,3.2 Materials and Methods 材料與方法,Readers must be able to reproduce your results, evaluate the validity of your results and the soundness of your meth

10、ods, and follow the logic in the paper.,2024/3/23,11,Materials and Methods,簡要說明研究設(shè)計（Study design）詳細說明研究對象：Patients, Subjects, healthy volunteers, animals (sex, age, species, breed, physiological state, etc.)隨機分組方法和選擇標準

11、（Methods of any random assignment of subjects to groups and criteria for admission to study groups）藥物（Drug）,激素（hormone）,試劑（reagent）, 其它化學(xué)品（other chemicals）, 商標（trademark）,生產(chǎn)廠家（manufacturer）及所在地（location）簡要說明測定方法（Method

12、 of measurement）簡要說明統(tǒng)計分析方法（Method of statistical analysis）,2024/3/23,12,Materials and Methods,Approval from “Institutional Review Board” (“informed consent” from patients and explanation on “Animal Welfare Act”) Random

13、ized Controlled Trial, RCT: JAMA 1996; 276: 637-639 或 consort-statement. org/statement. HtmPast tense,2024/3/23,13,3.3 Results 結(jié)果,This section tells the reader what happened in your work. Remember: let your results sp

14、eak for themselves and don’t embellish (leave that for Discussion section),2024/3/23,14,Results,Overview of the resultsStatistical significanceStatistical support, such as figures, tables, pictures, etc.,2024/3/23,15,R

15、esults,In chronological orderIntegrated, clear, pithy, correlated, and logicalPast tense(present tense: truth or well-known fact, e.g. Erectile dysfunction is common in men with diabetes.)Significant/significance:,20

16、24/3/23,16,Points for attention: Such expressions as “The results tended to be greater than…”, “…showed no promising trends”, “It could/might be inhibited by…” should be avoided.,2024/3/23,17,3.4 Discussion 討論,The author

17、 should tell the reader what the results mean by placing them in the context of previous published studies of the problem.,2024/3/23,18,Discussion,簡要說明研究背景 (Background)簡要介紹總的發(fā)現(xiàn) (General findings)介紹具體要點 (Introduction of

18、 points)與先有發(fā)現(xiàn) (若有) 進行比較 (Comparison in the context of other studies)意義(Suggested meaning)結(jié)論 (Conclusion): We conclude that…前瞻研究 (Future studies),2024/3/23,19,Discussion,Tense分清實驗過程和結(jié)果（past tense）與分析意見（present tense）

19、；他人研究結(jié)果（past tense或present perfect）與本研究結(jié)果（past tense）；普遍適用的結(jié)論（present tense）與只適用本研究的結(jié)論（past tense）；,2024/3/23,20,Discussion,The Use of Parenthesis: however, we believe/think/consider, to our knowledge, in our experienc

20、e (practice)避免含糊的傾向：These results seem to suggest that oral sildenafil could be useful in some selected populations and certain conditions.,2024/3/23,21,3.5 Acknowledgement 致謝,Always get the person’s approval of your in

21、tention to mention him in the acknowledgement and of the form in which you will present the acknowledgement.,2024/3/23,22,Acknowledgement,This study was supported by Medical Research Funds from State Administration of Tr

22、aditional Chinese Medicine.Dr. Wang was supported by a National Research Council Associate-ship. We thank Li Yunlong for his assistance with technical aspects of this study.We are grateful to Mei Mei for assistance

23、in preparing the manuscript.,2024/3/23,23,3.6 References 參考文獻,Reference styles should be specific to each journal. [[References: Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals [acponline.org/journ

24、als/resource/unifrqr.htm]E.g.,2024/3/23,24,Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevesky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1; 124 (11): 980-3. (標準雜志文章)Rings

25、ven MK, Bond D. Gerontology and leadership skills for nurse. 2nd ed. Albany (NY): Delmar publisher; 1996. (作者為個人的書或?qū)Ｖ? Norman IJ, Redfern SJ, editors. Mental health care for elderly people. New York: Churchill Livingsto

26、ne; 1996. (有主編的書或?qū)Ｖ?,2024/3/23,25,References 參考文獻,在排印中（In Press/Forthcoming）, e.g.Leshner Al. Molecular mechanisms of cocaine addiction. N Engl J Med. In Press 1996.個人交流（personal communication），盡量避免使用（ICMJE），如確需使用，可采用以

27、下形式：In a letter received from Robert J Glynn, MD. in January 2005, he stated that …In a conversation in March 2006, Denis A Evans, MD reported that …Our findings in this aspect of the study agree with those of Paul A

28、Scherr, PhD (written communication, September 2005),2024/3/23,26,3.7 others 其它,插圖說明：Type or print out legends for illustrations using double spacing, starting on a separate page.插圖：Design your figures for the appropriat

29、e reduction.表格：A table should be totally self-contained unit of information.,2024/3/23,27,4 英文寫作,4.1 論文寫作ABC4.2 論文標題的撰寫4.3 論文摘要的翻譯與寫作,2024/3/23,28,4.1 寫作ABC,4.1.1 Passive or active?Patients were instructed on the use

30、 of oral sildenafil. Blood levels were monitored every four hours.We instructed each patient on use of oral sildenafil and showed patients how to record blood glucose values every four hours.,2024/3/23,29,4.1.2 We or I?

31、 (single author)“Resolve to take the great leap and say I. Everybody should by now recognize that a mask is more conspicuous than a face.” Wilson Follett, Modern American UsageThe author (I)This st

32、udy, this report, this research, this thesis (I),2024/3/23,30,4.1.3 寫作ABCPrewriting: to select a journal, and read “Instructions to Authors”;Simple outlining on the basis of your research materials;From Interior to Ex

33、terior: writing “materials and methods”, “results”, and “discussion” first, then writing “introduction”, “abstract” and “title”.,2024/3/23,31,4.2 論文標題的撰寫,Titles are to be written to be understood by those in your field,

34、telling them exactly what you have done in your work.,2024/3/23,32,4.2.1 文題的一般要求,,Titles should be short, clear, and amenable to indexing. (JAMA)1) short and concise: Write in one line (not a sentence), not containing a

35、n active verb, not exceeding 25 words or 120-140 letters and spaces, no abbreviations or chemical symbols except those that are generally accepted, e.g. DNA, RNA, AIDS, CT; (Cv could be explained as cardiovascular or co

36、stovertebral, etc.),2024/3/23,33,2) Informative: State exactly what you want the reader to know about your paper and your work;3) Indexing: Pack as many key words or indexing terms as possible into the title without ove

37、rloading it, key words not in the title will be in the abstract or can go in the “Key Words” section of the paper, key words are usually in the beginning or ending of the title.,2024/3/23,34,4.2.2 簡潔 ——副標

38、題的使用,副標題的作用A. 突出病例數(shù)Gallstone Ileus: A Review of 40 CasesB. 突出重點內(nèi)容Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: Disease Characteristics and Oral ManifestationsBalancing: Treatment of Gynecological Diseases,,2024/3/23,35,C. 突出

39、研究方法Urine Cannabinoid Analysis: An Integrated Multimethod ApproachD. 突出同位關(guān)系A(chǔ)cademic Dismissals: Due Process,2024/3/23,36,E. 解釋性用詞Pancreatitis in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A case report and review of the lit

40、eratureExamples of Paired Medicinals: Experiences in Compatibility Developed by Different Schools,2024/3/23,37,F. 提問或選擇Is chronic abdominal pain a surgical symptom or a psychiatric symptom?Chronic abdominal pain: a su

41、rgical or psychiatric symptom?,2024/3/23,38,4.2.3 介詞的使用,research on management forobservation onexperience inintroduction tocontrast betweensurgery for,2024/3/23,39,4.2.4 格式,1) 詞組式Some Aspects of Renal TumorsEffe

42、cts of Glucose on Neuroblastoma in Vitro and in VivoPattern Identification and Treatment of DysmenorrheaExperiences in Treating Infantile High FeverTreatment of Globus Hystericus (Plum-Pit Qi) with Integrative Medicin

43、e,2024/3/23,40,2) 主謂式Let’s Do Away with SmallpoxDietary Cholesterol As Carcinogenic for Human Colon Cancer,2024/3/23,41,(3) 疑問式Can Prostatectomy Be Improved?Must We Specialize Herniorrhaphy for Better Results?Does D

44、anggui Sini Decoction Contain Fresh Ginger?What Are the Indications of Scutellaria Decoction?,2024/3/23,42,4.3 論文摘要的翻譯與寫作,4.3.1 論文摘要的作用4.3.2 論文摘要的分類4.3.3 論文摘要中時態(tài)的應(yīng)用,2024/3/23,43,4.3.1 論文摘要的作用,“The function of the abs

45、tract of a scientific paper is to provide an overview of the paper so that the readers know the main story and a few essential details of your work without reading the whole text of the paper. The abstract should make se

46、nse both when read alone and when read with the paper.”---URMSBJ,2024/3/23,44,4.3.2 論文摘要的分類,2024/3/23,45,Indicative Abstract（通報性或指示性摘要）：只通報主題，不介紹研究的材料、方法和結(jié)果，一般用現(xiàn)在時表達，如：Free transfer of two undamaged fingers from a non-re

47、plantable left arm to a mutilated right hand in a 16-year-old boy is reported. 本文報道將一無法再植的左臂上的兩個未受損傷的手指移植給一16歲男孩被切斷的右手。Informative Abstract （資料性摘要）：告訴讀者研究的總體情況，使他們了解研究的目的、材料、方法、結(jié)果、結(jié)論以及存在的問題。,2024/3/23,46,論文摘要的分類,2024/3/

48、23,47,4.3.3 論文摘要中時態(tài)的應(yīng)用,1) Objective/Purpose/AimBackground: present tense or present perfectObjective: present tense or present perfect or past tense2) Materials, methods and results: past tense3) Conclusion: past ten