2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題(含答案詳解+作文范文)_第1頁
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1、CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONAnswerstoStudyQuestionsonMainText1.Generallybehaviisanythingapersondoessays.Technicallybehaviisanymuscularglularelectricalactivityofanganism.Synonymsinclude:activityactionperfmancerespondingresponsere

2、action.2.Behaviisanythingthatapersonsaysdoes.Productsofbehaviaretheconsequencesproducedbythebehavi.Fexamplestudyingeffectivelywritingthecrectanswerstoquestionsonanexamarebehavis.Gettingan“A”isaproductofthosebehavis.3.Ove

3、rtbehavisarebehavisthatcouldbeobservedrecdedbyanindividualotherthantheoneperfmingthebehavi.Fexamplewalkingtalkingareovertbehavis.Covertbehavisareprivateinternalactivitiesthatcannotbereadilyobservedbyothers.Fexamplethinki

4、ngparticularwdstooneselffeelingnervous(increasedheartrateetc.)wouldbeprivatebehavis.4.Thinkinginwds(privateselftalk)imaginingcanalsobereferredtoascognitivebehavis.Fexampleahockeyplayermaythinkbefesteppingontheiceatagame“

5、Iamgoingtoplaymybestgameyet”(privateselftalk)ateachermaytelltheclasstoclosetheireyespictureabeach(imagining).5.Anytwodimensionscanbedescribed.Durationofabehaviishowlongitlasts.Fexamplemeasuringhowlonganindividualcantread

6、waterinaswimmingpool.Frequencyofabehaviisthenumberofinstancesthatoccurinagivenperiodoftime.Fexampleafigureskatercountingthenumberoftimesthatshehelsanewjumpinapracticesession.Theintensityfceofabehavireferstothephysicaleff

7、tenergyinvolvedinemittingthebehavi.Fexamplethefceofaperson’sgripwhenshakinghs.6.Althoughtheirmeaningsvaryfromspeakertospeakertheyalwaysrefertowaysofbehaving.Anintelligentpersonfexamplesolvesproblemsquicklyacreativeperson

8、frequentlyemitsbehavisthatarenovelunusualhavedesirableeffects.7.(a)Theymayleadtopseudoexplanationsofbehavi(b)theycannegativelyaffectthewayalabeledindividualmightbetreated(c)theymayinfluenceonetofocusonanindividual’sprobl

9、embehavisratherthanonhisherstrengths.(4)Evaluatetreatmentoutcome.16.Behavianalysisisthescientificstudyoflawsthatgovernthebehaviofhumanbeingsotheranimals.Itisthescienceonwhichbehavimodificationisbased.17.Thedimensionsofap

10、pliedbehavianalysisinclude:(a)afocusonmeasurablebehavithatissociallysignificant(b)astrongemphasisonthelearningprinciplesfrequentlyreferredtoasoperantconditioningtodeveloptreatmentstrategies(c)anattempttoclearlydemonstrat

11、ethatthetreatmentthatwasappliedwasresponsibleftheimprovementinthebehavithatwasmeasured(d)ademonstrationofgeneralizablelonglastingimprovementsinbehavi.18.(a)BehavimodificationusestheprinciplesofbothoperantPavlovianconditi

12、oningwhileappliedbehavianalysisrelieslargelyonoperantconditioning(b)behavimodificationencompassesbothbehavitherapycognitivebehavitherapytherefehasacquiredabroadermeaningthanappliedbehavianalysis.19.Behavitherapyisbehavim

13、odificationcarriedoutondysfunctionalbehavi.20.Cognitivebehavitherapyfocusesontreatingdysfunctionalbehavibychangingunproductivedebilitatingthoughtpatternsthatwereconsideredtoberesponsiblefthedysfunctionalbehavi.21.Anyfour

14、ofthefollowingmythsmisconceptions:(a)Useofrewardsbybehavimodifierstochangebehaviisbribery(b)Behavimodificationinvolvestheuseofdrugspsychosurgeryelectroconvulsivetherapy(c)Behavimodificationonlychangessymptomsitdoesn’tget

15、attheunderlyingproblems(d)Behavimodificationisnotapplicablefchangingcomplexproblemssuchaslowselfesteemdepression(e)Behavimodifiersarecoldunfeelingdon’tdevelopempathyftheirclients(f)Behavimodifiersdealonlywithobservablebe

16、havitheydon’tdealwiththoughtsfeelingsofclients(g)Behavimodificationisoutdated.Chapter1:IntroductionMultipleChoiceQuestionsOnMainText(Note:indicatesthecrectanswer)1.Abehavialdeficitis:a)toolittleofaparticulartypeofbehavib

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