全國艾滋病檢測技術(shù)規(guī)范

1、Get ready to see somepictures,What cause the tragedy?,Our topic: MINAMATA DISEASE & MERCURY水 俁 病 和 汞,柴歆燁 呂洲 秦嵩 蔣敏娜,Silver Aven Wolf Minmin,Introduction: MINAMATA DISEASE

2、水俁病,What we now call “Minamata disease” was first observed in communities near Minamata Bay in Southwestern Japan.,The Fact of Minamata Disease,Levels of methylmercury chloride reached 50 ppm in fish and 85 ppm in shellf

3、ish obtained from the contaminated areas.One hundred and twenty one persons were poisoned, 46 fatally, from eating the contaminated fish.Dogs, cats, pigs, rats, and birds living around the bay developed classical clini

4、cal signs and many died.,The dead fish,,,The symptom of Minamata Disease,In most cases, first without any apparent signs.numbness of the limbs and the area around the mouth,sensory disturbance, difficulty with hand mov

5、ements.lack of coordination, weakness and tremor, slowed and slurred speech, ataxic gait, disturbances of vision and hearing. Became aggravated and led to general paralysis, deformity of the limbs, difficulty in swallo

6、wing, convulsions, and death.,The Cause of Minamata Disease,For production purposes, the company made use of large amounts of mercury compounds as reaction catalysts. The increased volume of production wastes was discha

7、rged into Minamata Bay without any treatment.,It is Mercury,By 1959 it had been demonstrated that the minamata disease was caused by ingestion of fish contaminated by mercury discharged from a chemical manufacturer plant

8、.,About Environmental Mercury,Mercury is a silvery, liquid metal at room temperature. It is sometimes referred to as one of the "heavy metals.“Like water, mercury can evaporate and become airborne.Because it is a

9、n element, mercury does not break down into less toxic substances.Bacteria and chemical reactions in lakes and wetlands change mercury into a much more toxic form known as methylmercury.,,This is mercury,Mercury enters

10、the environment from:,A naturally occurring elementNatural sources : volcanoes and the weathering of rocksOur intentional uses of mercuryOur unintentional releases of mercury :burning fossil fuels and smelting metals

11、A by-product of gold and zinc mining,Hg,Power plants are responsible for 34% of the total mercury emitted by all known sources. More than 99% of that mercury comes from coal-fired power plants.,Pollution Mechanism,What’

12、s worse, mercury can Cross blood-brain barrier as well as placenta barrier, so parents need information in order to protect not only their own health but also the health of their unborn babies.,Major reductions bans i

13、n paint and pesticides, phaseouts in batteries , and reductions in industrial uses. Continued effective control of mercury emissions may require a mix of strategies including pollution prevention, materials separation,

14、and conventional regulatory approaches.,Treatment,A Biologically Mediated Mercury Cycle in Aquatic Systems,Mercury Investigations,Developing Bacteria that Degrade Contaminants,,環(huán)保小貼示,選用漂白、祛斑化妝品要慎

15、之又慎。要選好的品牌，看清有無特殊化妝品批準文號。購買熒光燈時，買彎不買直，買細不買粗。就是說，首選節(jié)能燈；若買直管型的，就買燈管細的。若能買采用汞丸、汞齊技術(shù)的更好。廢棄時，千萬不要摔破。,,,補牙時，患者可要求盡量避免使用銀汞齊材料，或?qū)⒍嘤嗟你y汞合金收集在盛有飽和鹽水或甘油的器皿內(nèi)。醫(yī)護人員應加強診療室通風換氣，儲汞瓶要嚴密封閉。 控制吃魚總量。吃年輕的魚，少吃吃魚的魚和魚的內(nèi)臟、魚頭、魚皮。注意搭配富硒富硫的食品。,Than