英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)一、什么是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？英語(yǔ)中時(shí)態(tài)很多，但語(yǔ)態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所謂“被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”，相當(dāng)于中文中常說(shuō)的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行車被偷了?！保斑@座樓房是由他們建造的?！倍⒈粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)那么，英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是怎么樣構(gòu)成的呢？請(qǐng)看下面的例句（注意劃線部分）：Hisbicyclewasstolen.Thebuildinghasbeenbuiltin2000.通過(guò)上面的例句，可以看出，

2、“被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”的構(gòu)成是：be過(guò)去分詞(by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)用什么情況下要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？一般地說(shuō)，有下面幾種情況：（1）不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒(méi)有必要。例如：Paperismadefromwood.（紙是由木材生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的。）Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.（這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。）Hewaswoundedinthefight.（他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。）Electricityi

3、susedtorunmachines.（電是用來(lái)開動(dòng)機(jī)器的。）（2）需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)。例如：Calculatcantbeusedinthemathsexam.（計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。）Booksnewspapersinthereadingroommustntbetakenaway.（閱覽室的書籍和報(bào)紙不準(zhǔn)帶走。）Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.（他在比賽中獲得了第一。）（3）為了使語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，

4、避免提到是誰(shuí)做的這件事。例如：Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.（新實(shí)驗(yàn)室必須在下個(gè)月底前完工。）四、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)舉例一般地講，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可用于英語(yǔ)的各種時(shí)態(tài)。為了能準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，重點(diǎn)是要掌握be動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)舉例如下：1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).amisare動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Ourclassroomiscleanede

5、veryday.ThiscarismadeinChina.2、一般過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):waswere動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.Thestationwasbuiltin1928.3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):amisarebeing動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Anewfactyisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.4、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):w

6、aswerebeing動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Anewfactywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.SomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissChenlastyear.5、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):(A)willshallbe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(B)amisaregoingtobe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.Somenewfactieswillbebuiltinourcitythisyear.Yourwat

7、chisgoingtobemendedinanhour.6、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):(1).wouldshouldbe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(2).wasweregoingtobe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.Shesaidthatsomenewfactieswouldbebuiltsooninourcity.Hethoughtthatyourwatchwasgoingtobemendedafteranhour.7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):havehasbeen

8、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Somenewfactieshavebeenbuiltinthecitysincelastyear.Yourwatchhasbeenmendedalready.8、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):hadbeen動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Hesaidthatsomenewfactieshadbeenbuiltinthecity.Ididn’tknowthatmywatchhadbeenmended.9、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式：canmaymustbe

9、done例如：Hecannotbefound.Imustbepaidfthis.五、如何將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1、從句子意義上說(shuō)，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。例1.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：人們說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)被說(shuō)。Englishisspokeninmanycountries..例2.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：我們?cè)爝@座橋。Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

10、：這座橋被建造。Thisbridgewasbuiltlastyear.takenaway［D］②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren（變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Thechildrenwill______________________________（byher）（填betakengoodcareof）3含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，通常將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。注意：省略to的不定式作賓

11、補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。例如：SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday（變被動(dòng)He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday（填wasseento）4不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為“tobe＋過(guò)去分詞”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcityAbebuildingBbuildC

12、bebuiltDbuilt［C］5以疑問(wèn)代詞開頭的疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句時(shí)要注意詞序：應(yīng)將主動(dòng)句中的疑問(wèn)代詞改為介詞by的賓語(yǔ)，但仍然放在句子開頭。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup？（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken？E注意區(qū)別被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：1）含義不同：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作由誰(shuí)完成、怎樣完成；而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較：T

13、hewindowisbroken窗子破了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Thewindowisbrokenbyhim窗子被他打破了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）2）用法不同：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)可以被so，very，too等程度副詞修飾，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則不能用so，very，too修飾，而需用much，verymuch，somuch，toomuch修飾。試比較：Hewasveryinterestedinscience他對(duì)科學(xué)有極大興趣。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Iwassomuchsurpr

14、isedatthescenethatIdidntknowwhattodo我被那種場(chǎng)面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）F牢記（相關(guān)）句型初中教材中與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有：1becoveredwith被……覆蓋2bemadeof由……制作（發(fā)生物理變化）3.bemadefrom由……制作（發(fā)生化學(xué)變化）4.bemadein由（某地）制造5.bemadeby被（某人）制造3beusedf被用來(lái)……beusedas被當(dāng)作（作為）……來(lái)使用b

15、eusedtodosth被用來(lái)做某事4Itissaidthat據(jù)說(shuō)……Itishopedthat希望……Itiswellknownthat眾所周知……例如：①—YourcoatlooksniceIsit______cotton？—YesItsShanghaiAmadeof；madebyBmadeof；madeinCmadef；madebyDmadef；madein［B］②Thismachineisused______theroomwet

16、AfkeepingBaskeepingCkeepDtokeeping［A］③據(jù)說(shuō)在南京長(zhǎng)江上又在建一座橋。__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing（填I(lǐng)tissaid；anotherbridge；built）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案()1ThePeoplesRepublicofChina___onOctober1194

17、9.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()3.Newcomputers___alloverthewld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()1Ourroommust___

18、clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()2.Anewhouse___atthecneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()3.Docts___ineverypartofthewld.A.need.B.areneeding.C.areneeded.D.willneed()1Japanese___ineverycou

19、ntry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()1.___thewatchbeenrepairedyetIbadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()2.___the

20、sedesksbeneededA.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()1Whowasthebook___A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()2.Where___theseboxesmadeA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()1Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()2Thebooksma