2015-2018高考英語(yǔ)試題分類(lèi)專(zhuān)題16科普類(lèi)說(shuō)明文含解析

1、20152018高考英語(yǔ)試題分類(lèi)專(zhuān)題含解析1專(zhuān)題專(zhuān)題1616科普類(lèi)說(shuō)明文科普類(lèi)說(shuō)明文2018高考題D【2018全國(guó)I】Wemaythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourwntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinynewbutanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.Th

2、at’sbadnewsftheenvironment—ourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmeenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.TofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusingCallieBabbitthercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyi

3、nNewYktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsfeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutfhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration

4、—DesktopcomputersbasicmobilephonesboxsetTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.MP3playerssmartphonesLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002befetabletsereadersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmedeviceshoweverwedidntthrowoutou

5、roldones.“ThelivingroomtelevisionisreplacedgetsplantedinthekidsroomsuddenlyonedayyouhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse“saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.Werenotjustke

6、epingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccdingtotheanalysisofBabbittsteamolddesktopmonitsboxTVswithcathoderaytubesarethewstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptioncontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）methandoublingduringth

7、e1992to2007window.Sowhatsthesolution（解決方案）Theteamsdataonlywentupto2007buttheresearchersalsoexpledwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemethanonefunctionsuchasatabletfwdprocessingTVviewin

8、g.TheyfoundthatmeondementertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsdesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32.WhatdoestheauththinkofnewdevicesA.Theyareenvironmentfriendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmetousea

9、thome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.20152018高考英語(yǔ)試題分類(lèi)專(zhuān)題含解析3做同樣的事，舊的過(guò)時(shí)的裝置比新裝置消耗更多能源，對(duì)環(huán)境有害，浪費(fèi)錢(qián)財(cái)。2.AccdingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steamolddesktopmonitsboxTVswithcathoderaytubesarethewstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptioncontributio

10、ntogreenhousegasemissions(排放)methandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.根據(jù)Babbitt團(tuán)隊(duì)的分析，舊的桌面監(jiān)視器和陰極射線管箱式電視機(jī)是最差的電子設(shè)備，它們的耗能和溫室氣體的排放是1992到2007window的兩倍還多。3.TheyfoundthatmeondementertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsdesktopcomp

11、uterscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在平板電腦上看的隨需變化的娛樂(lè)節(jié)目比在電視和電腦上看耗能減少了44%。B【2018浙江】StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitte

12、rincludingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmeinterestingisthatoneofSteinsjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.Americansusemethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somany

13、endupintreebranchesalonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收銀臺(tái)).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifniaincludingLosAngeles.EyeingtheseheadwindsplasticbagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintom

14、akethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadftheplaasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakersargument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbagswhichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremeenergytoproducetranspt.whileplasticbagsma

15、ybeuglytolookattheyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtodayTheindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagisthelongeritslifethemeplasticbagu

16、seitcancelsout.Howeverlongerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremeenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterftheplathanplastic.Environmentalistsdontdispute（質(zhì)疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswill