海上承運人責任基礎(chǔ)之舉證責任分配研究.pdf

1、AbstractFromtheoutsetonecruciallyimptantconceptmustbebneinmindinstudyingthederburdenofproofunderTheHagueRules.TheHagueRulesfromtheirinceptionin1924soughttostrikeadelicatebalanceamongthreeinterrelatedprinciples:a)carrier’

2、obligationtoexerciseduediligencetomaketheshipseawthybefeatthecommencementofthevoyage(art.3(1))b)thecarrier’obligationtocareproperlycarefullyfthecargo(art.3(2))c)thecarrier’exculpatyexceptionsunderart.4(2)(a)to(q).Allocat

3、ingliabilityfmarinecargoclaimsundertheRulesdependsinmanycasesonthecourt’analysisoftheinterplaybetweenthesethreenotions.Itrequiresaskillresemblingthatofajugglerjugglingthreeballastacircus.Thereareplentyoftopicsinvolvesthe

4、burdenofproofinthemaritimelawsuchastheproofoftheburdenduringcollisiongeneralaverageetc.ButinthispaperIwillonlydiscusstheallocationofproofburdenbetweenthecargoownertheshipperonoccasionofdamagelossofcargo.Causeofcargodamag

5、elossisevenmeleewayviolationofdecktransptrulesarelikelytoleadingtothecargodamagelossbutthescopeofdiscussioninthispaperisonlylimitedtotheallocationofproofburdenthatisthecompositionofliabilityfoundationoftheshipperthatisto

6、sayweonlydiscusstheintertwinedrelationshipamongthecaredutyofcargo、seawthinessobligationsexemptioncausesregulatedbylawsputtingasidethedamageofcargoonaccountofleewaydeviation.Thepaperisdividedintofourchapters.Chapter1isthe

7、introductionoftheallocationofproofburdeninvolvescargodamageduringcarriagebyseathroughthebasicinfmationofmeaningamendmentofproofburdenanalyzingtheallocationofproofburdenofshipperinourMaritimeLaw.Chapter2isliabilityallocat

8、ionofproofburdenofshipperunderTheHagueRulesaccdingtotheintroductionofliabilityofmarinecarrierstudyontheframewkofproofburdenamongtheimmunityclause、carefcargo、seawthinessobligation.Chapter3isallocationofproofburdenofliabil

9、ityfoundationofshipperinourcountrymainlydiscussthespecialChineseacteristicsofliabilitysystemofshippercomparedtoothercountrieswhenadoptTheHaguerules.Thepurposeofthispaperisillustratingtheunreasonableallocationofproofburde