外文翻譯--在社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)中公共產(chǎn)品供給問題的對策

1、<p>　　在社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)中公共產(chǎn)品供給問題的對策</p><p>　　摘要：農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給的在中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)中起著決定性的作用。針對農(nóng)村地區(qū)農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給不足的現(xiàn)狀，本文闡述了加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給制度的建設(shè)意義，分析了農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給短缺的原因，并提出了解決農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給問題的對策，致力于加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給的效率，具有一定的理論價值和現(xiàn)實意義。</p>

2、<p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)，農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品，供給系統(tǒng)</p><p><b>　　緒論</b></p><p>　　社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)是中國全面建設(shè)小康社會的全面建設(shè)和實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中的重大歷史任務(wù)；是解決城鄉(xiāng)差距、建設(shè)和諧社會的必然要求；是擴(kuò)大國內(nèi)需求長足發(fā)展的重要保障。2005年十二月，黨中央，國務(wù)院在《社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)意見》強(qiáng)調(diào)社會主義

3、新農(nóng)村建設(shè)是中國現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中的重大歷史任務(wù)?！渡鐣髁x新農(nóng)村建設(shè)意見》的內(nèi)容和目標(biāo)包括生產(chǎn)發(fā)展，生活富裕，鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明，村容整潔，管理民主等方面。為了實現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)，涉及農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)民生活水平的農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品和農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)需要改善。</p><p>　　農(nóng)村公共物品是指滿足農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民需要，其具有不可分割性，具有非競爭和非排它性。一方面，它包括農(nóng)村的交通，電力，水利設(shè)施，衛(wèi)生和教育設(shè)施等“硬”的公共產(chǎn)品；另一

4、方面，包括信息技術(shù)服務(wù)，技能培訓(xùn)，維護(hù)公共秩序，制度安排等“軟”農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品。</p><p>　　農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)供給制度是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)。從某種意義上說，社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)過程是指農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給效率的提高和供給結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化過程。因此，通過擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給渠道的多樣性，全面構(gòu)建農(nóng)村公共物品制度的科學(xué)體系在促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)和諧發(fā)展和社會主義新農(nóng)村的建設(shè)具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。</p><p&g

5、t;　　1、加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品制度建設(shè)的意義</p><p>　　面對目前中國城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)失衡和農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供給不均衡的狀況，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供給的建設(shè)對促進(jìn)社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。</p><p>　　1.1推進(jìn)社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)，為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供保障</p><p>　　社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)是中國在社會主義初級階段的主要戰(zhàn)略，但城鄉(xiāng)差距日

6、益增長的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展背景下，農(nóng)村“三農(nóng)”問題被提出。如果中國能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化過程中的總體發(fā)展，縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距，構(gòu)建在政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)，文化，和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的社會方面，那么我們國家才能真正全面實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。</p><p>　　很長一段時間，城鄉(xiāng)非均衡的二元體制，導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村公共設(shè)施供給和公共服務(wù)的實際供給不能滿足農(nóng)村對農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)的需求，制約了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，突出反映公共事業(yè)的嚴(yán)重不足如教育，衛(wèi)生，文化和其他方面，對農(nóng)業(yè)

7、和農(nóng)村的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面影響。因此，農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品的供給情況直接影響到中國農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和中國社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)，必須大力加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和發(fā)展農(nóng)村社會事業(yè)。</p><p>　　1.2提高農(nóng)村居民的消費需求和消費能力</p><p>　　在農(nóng)村地區(qū)，農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給水平直接影響農(nóng)民消費需求和消費能力，因為絕大多數(shù)農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品是在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)民生活所必需的。一旦政府或其他公共單位不能提

8、供足夠的公共物品以滿足農(nóng)民的需求，農(nóng)民不得不為自己提供，這造成了農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給的部分低效率和增加了農(nóng)民的負(fù)擔(dān)，同時降低農(nóng)民的消費需求，從而對刺激消費和擴(kuò)大國內(nèi)需求產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響。</p><p>　　另一方面，公共物品和私人物品有密切的互補(bǔ)性。公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的供給不足將嚴(yán)重制約了農(nóng)民對消費產(chǎn)品的需求。因此，在農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供給不充分，機(jī)制不健全，公共服務(wù)缺失的情況下，這會嚴(yán)重影響農(nóng)村消費市場的擴(kuò)大和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)

9、發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代化。通過對農(nóng)村公共物品的供給，增加農(nóng)民收入和擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村消費市場，這將對解決現(xiàn)有的投資和消費結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)重不合理的情況發(fā)揮重要作用。</p><p>　　1.3促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展</p><p>　　農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)作為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)和必要前提，為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了重要保障。我國許多農(nóng)村地區(qū)存在著老舊的農(nóng)業(yè)水利設(shè)施，道路不暢和交通不便，昂貴的電費價格，破舊的學(xué)校建筑，公

10、共衛(wèi)生條件落后，缺乏社會條件，公共安全和公共服務(wù)缺位等情況。這種供應(yīng)不足狀況很大程度上制約了農(nóng)村社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。特別是農(nóng)村教育的落后與公共產(chǎn)品的不足對農(nóng)村地區(qū)產(chǎn)生了直接的影響，如對農(nóng)村人力資源的質(zhì)量和水平的影響，致使農(nóng)村地區(qū)缺乏農(nóng)村科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員，影響了科技興農(nóng)的有效實施，在制約了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展方面產(chǎn)生了重大影響。因此，提供公共產(chǎn)品和提高農(nóng)村勞動力的綜合素質(zhì)，在長時間內(nèi)為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)增長的提供一定的勞動力。</p>

11、<p>　　1.4促進(jìn)社會政治的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展</p><p>　　解決農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給不足的問題，有利于消除社會重要方面的矛盾和全面轉(zhuǎn)型時期的社會危機(jī)。中國是個具有大片耕地領(lǐng)域和眾多的農(nóng)業(yè)人口一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國，農(nóng)村的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展，對整個國家和社會發(fā)展有著重要影響重要影響。</p><p>　　建國以來，為了加快經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展盡快實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化，中國一直實行城鄉(xiāng)二元體制，制定公共產(chǎn)品供給的政策以

12、滿足最低的公共產(chǎn)品的需要為目標(biāo)，長時間以來重城市輕農(nóng)村，這種在公共產(chǎn)品的供給上城鄉(xiāng)不同的政策造成農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品在一定程度上是一個嚴(yán)重的缺陷。</p><p>　　2、農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)供給不均衡的原因</p><p>　　在當(dāng)前中國農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供給嚴(yán)重不平衡的情況下，特別是隨著農(nóng)村稅費改革，取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅政策后，導(dǎo)致了農(nóng)村公共物品供給失衡的問題越來越突出。具體表現(xiàn)是農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)的不

13、完善，如健康系統(tǒng)的不足，教育落后；農(nóng)民缺乏基本生活條件如社會保障，水、電設(shè)施落后等。公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的每個水平都是供給不足的。我國農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給產(chǎn)生不平衡的原因是多樣的，唯一的供應(yīng)主體是農(nóng)村公共物品供給不足的主要原因。</p><p>　　第一，對農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給制度的主體是政府。長期以來，中國農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給機(jī)制系統(tǒng)是單一的以政府為主體，特別是較低的農(nóng)村管理組織—鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府。但鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府，其財務(wù)能力和治理是不對稱的

14、，很小的財政權(quán)力，但卻有很大治理責(zé)任。如果農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育，計劃生育，水、電設(shè)施，道路交通等公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供給主要由農(nóng)村鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府以及村民負(fù)責(zé)，由于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)村的基層政府，其政府的財政資源有限，不能提供足量的公共產(chǎn)品，造成農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)的缺位。</p><p>　　第二，農(nóng)村基層政府職能的錯位。農(nóng)村基層鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府通過國家權(quán)力組織和計劃的農(nóng)村公共事業(yè)和公共設(shè)施的建設(shè)，為農(nóng)村提供公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)，但由于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府職能錯位

15、的狀況，不能有效的提供基本的公共服務(wù)，造成農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品制度供給不足。從目前鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府職能運行看，相當(dāng)多的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府把重點放在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的工作上，并對大力建設(shè)迎合上級“政績工程”，基層政府最初是以為農(nóng)村提供公共產(chǎn)品及其服務(wù)為主體責(zé)任的，卻將以提供公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)的財政收入大量投資經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。因此，農(nóng)村鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府財政的不足，不僅造成鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府公共產(chǎn)品供給能力大為減弱，而且公共服務(wù)責(zé)任弱化，造成農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品制度嚴(yán)重匱乏，農(nóng)村公共資源配置的效率低下。&l

16、t;/p><p>　　第三，缺乏激發(fā)農(nóng)民參與公共物品投資的機(jī)制。家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制動搖了集體化時期的農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品制度，使農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品制度失去了經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。由于有限的統(tǒng)一供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)，過多的依賴于政府的投資，沒有建立帶動農(nóng)民適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)，沒有建立個人和企業(yè)投入公共產(chǎn)品建設(shè)的機(jī)制。同時，隨著市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的發(fā)展，農(nóng)民群體意識逐漸暗淡，個體主義首先發(fā)生在人們的心中生根。市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下的理性人造成只做對自己有利的事情，每個人都按照對

17、自己有利的方式去行動，但對于某些農(nóng)村公共事務(wù)和公共事業(yè)卻不愿意做。由于公共產(chǎn)品的不可分割性造成了公眾“搭便車”的可能性。公眾不愿意承擔(dān)成本，普遍存在的“搭便車”的心理。此外，公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)有一定的外溢效益，農(nóng)民從自己的利益出發(fā)，不在乎也不愿意投資非營利組織。</p><p>　　第四，稅費改革后影響了農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品制度。由于我國農(nóng)村實行單一制的公共產(chǎn)品的供給制度，政府作為供應(yīng)主體。因此，在實施農(nóng)村稅費改革取消農(nóng)

18、業(yè)稅后，縣鄉(xiāng)財政狀況更不平衡，削弱了農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品供給的能力。此外，農(nóng)村稅費改革后采取“一事一議”的農(nóng)村公共設(shè)施制度不能夠徹底解決農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品制度的問題。</p><p>　　3、解決農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)制度問題的對策</p><p>　　面對農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)供給的困境，加強(qiáng)政府在農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)體系中的能力和的責(zé)任，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基層管理組織的職能改革，提高公共產(chǎn)品供給能力，在統(tǒng)籌城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)

19、上采用多元化公共服務(wù)的供給方式。</p><p>　　3.1、提高政府在農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)體系中的能力和的責(zé)任</p><p>　　在發(fā)展中國家，政府是推動現(xiàn)代化的重要力量，作為公共權(quán)力的執(zhí)行者，提供公共服務(wù)的狀況是衡量政府能力的重要標(biāo)志。從世界上一些發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)驗，向農(nóng)村提供公共產(chǎn)品方面，政府應(yīng)該承擔(dān)去全部的責(zé)任和義務(wù)，同時使城市和農(nóng)村基本公共服務(wù)均等化。目前我國政府的財政支出仍低

20、于財政收入的增長，并對支農(nóng)支出占財政支出的比例是上下波動。2000年至2003年，財政支農(nóng)支出年均增長14%，而財政收入年均增長17.4%，財政支農(nóng)支出比財政收入低3.4%，此外，金融支農(nóng)支出占總支出的比例在7.12％-7.75％之間。Alpha</p><p>　　因此，政府必須增加在農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)提供的責(zé)任，繼續(xù)加大財政對農(nóng)業(yè)的投入力度，提高政府財政支出的增長率，保證農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)體系的資金總量穩(wěn)定的增長。<

21、;/p><p>　　3.2、加強(qiáng)對農(nóng)村基層政府管理職能的轉(zhuǎn)變，提高公共產(chǎn)品供給能力</p><p>　　目前，農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)的供給不足和農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)體系不健全，農(nóng)村基層政府應(yīng)進(jìn)行積極的角色和職能定位，突出公共產(chǎn)品供給和服務(wù)功能和意識?；鶎诱鳛槊嫦蜣r(nóng)村，為農(nóng)村提供公共服務(wù)和服務(wù)的組織，在轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能的過程中，實現(xiàn)由管理型政府向服務(wù)型政府的轉(zhuǎn)變，必須明確農(nóng)村基層政府治理的重點，實施財權(quán)和事權(quán)統(tǒng)一

22、的原則，在農(nóng)村基層政府的財政困境的情況下，加大中央和省級政府的財政支持力度，提高農(nóng)村基層政府公共服務(wù)供給的的能力，變革基層政府職能提供更多農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)。</p><p>　　3.3、公共產(chǎn)品供給體系的一體化和多元化</p><p>　　所謂一體化指的是城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)的均衡化；所謂的多元化是指農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)的供給主體多元化，供給方式和籌資渠道。一體化主要是雙供給機(jī)制問題的解決，提供公平的政策環(huán)境

23、，為城市和農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)的供給制度，使城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)得到同樣的待遇，統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)的供給。政府為供給主體，承擔(dān)農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)體系的主要責(zé)任，加大農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)的金融投資服務(wù)，使農(nóng)村與城市共享現(xiàn)代文明。在此基礎(chǔ)上，對單一供給體制改革，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)體系供給多元化，具體體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：</p><p>　　3.3.1多元化農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)體系的主體</p><p>　　由于農(nóng)村基層政府的財政

24、和政府供給效率的固有的局限性，使單一的政府供給不適應(yīng)農(nóng)村社區(qū)發(fā)展的需求。因此，應(yīng)根據(jù)農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)的水平和性質(zhì)構(gòu)建多元化的農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)體系。農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)的供給主體大致可分為政府供給，個人供給和第三部門供給。代表公共利益的政府，政府有責(zé)任要承擔(dān)農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)體系主體責(zé)任義務(wù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，發(fā)揮個人供給和第三部門供給主力量，形成多元化的供給主體機(jī)制。</p><p>　　3.3.2農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)多元化的資金籌集機(jī)制</

25、p><p>　　稅費改革后，農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)供給不足的一個重要原因是提供農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)的供給資金主要依靠政府，當(dāng)政府不能籌集足夠的資金，必然會影響公共產(chǎn)品供給。因此，應(yīng)該建設(shè)多元化籌資渠道以解決供應(yīng)短缺的矛盾。籌集資金的渠道主要有政府的財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付；個人，企業(yè)資金；農(nóng)村社區(qū)的集體基金；國內(nèi)外非政府組織的籌資等。政府的財政資金應(yīng)作為提供公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)資金的主要渠道，尤其是公共財政體系的建立后，將為農(nóng)村公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)的

26、供給在籌款方面提供制度保障。市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,個人和企業(yè)投資提供的公共產(chǎn)品,由于公共產(chǎn)品供給在收費方面的可能性，基于等價交換和支付原則，可以通過市場向社會收費。</p><p><b>　　翻譯</b></p><p>　　Countermeasures of Rural Public Product Supply Problems in New Socialist R

27、ural Construction</p><p>　　ZHANG Jing1, 2, and JIANG Hua3*</p><p>　　1 Post-doctoral Mobile Center on History and Cultural College, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China</p><p>　　

28、2 College of Liberal and Social Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China</p><p>　　3 College of Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150086, China</p><p>　　Abstract

29、：The status of rural public goods' supply plays a decisive role in China agricultural development and in new socialist rural construction. For the current situation of insufficient supply of public goods in rural are

30、as, this article explained the significance of strengthening the construction of rural public goods supply system, analyzed the reasons for the shortage of rural public goods supply, and proposed strategies and measures

31、to solve problems of rural public goods supply, which ar</p><p>　　Key words：new socialist rural construction, rural public goods, supply system</p><p>　　CLC number: F323.9 Document code: A Artic

32、le ID: 1006-8104(2010)-02-0078-07</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　New socialist rural construction is the great historical task of a comprehensive construction of well-off society in China and im

33、plementing the process of modernization; the necessary requirement to solve the urban-rural gap and building a harmonious society; the important safeguards of expanding domestic substantial development of demand. In Dece

34、mber 2005, the CPC Central Committee, State Council stressed in "Advice on new socialist rural construction" that "New socialist rural construction is </p><p>　　Significance of strengthening t

35、he construction of Rural Public Goods system</p><p>　　As China's existing current urban-rural dual structure and the imbalance of rural public goods and services supply, strengthening the construction of

36、 the supply of public goods and services in rural areas has the important practical significance in promoting the building of new socialist rural areas.</p><p>　　Promoting the new socialist rural constructio

37、n to provide security for the rural economic development</p><p>　　The new socialist rural construction strategic is at the primary stage of socialism in China, but urban rural gap growing modernization into

38、the mid-stage of economic development background, as the rural "three rural" issues raised. If China can achieve the overall development in the process of modernization, narrowing the gap between urban and rura

39、l areas, constructing well into the political, economic, cultural, and social aspects of coordinating the development of new rural areas, if our coun</p><p>　　Advantages to improve the rural consumer demand

40、and spending power</p><p>　　The level of public goods supply in rural areas directly affected the level of spending power of farmers and consumption demand because the vast majority of public goods in rural

41、areas are the necessity for peasants' work in agricultural production and life. Once the government or other public units' products cannot provide enough public goods to meet farmers' demands, peasants have t

42、o provide for themselves, which makes up the low efficiency of part of the public goods supply and enhance the bu</p><p>　　Promoting substantial development rural economy</p><p>　　The rural publ

43、ic goods and the public services are taken as the foundation and the essential condition for the rural economic development, the premise and the guarantee for the rural economy and sustainable development. Many rural are

44、as of our country exist obsolete agricultural water conservancy facilities, the inconvenient transportation, the expensive electricity price, the worn-out school building, the backward public health condition, lacking pu

45、blic conditions, safeguard, and public service</p><p>　　Promoting the stability and development of social politics</p><p>　　Solving the problem of insufficient rural public product supply is adv

46、antageous in eliminating the significant aspects of social contradiction and a social crisis in the social comprehensive reforming time. China is an agricultural nation of large size with big arable fields and numerous a

47、gricultural population, stability and advancement of rural areas, having the significant influence on the entire national and social development. </p><p>　　Since the foundation of the nation, in order to acc

48、elerate the economic development to realize the industrialization as soon as possible, China has practiced the urban-rural dual system, formulating the policy of public product supplies has satisfied the lowest public pr

49、oduct to need as the goal and the heavy urban light countryside, and this kind of difference policy of city and countryside in public product supplies caused the rural public product, to a certain extent, a serious defic

50、iency.</p><p>　　Unbalanced Reasons for Rural Public Product Supplement of China</p><p>　　China's current rural public goods and service supplies presently are under serious unbalanced condit

51、ions, especially along with the reform of rural taxes and fees, after implementing cancellations of the agricultural tax policy, causing the rural public goods the unbalanced supplies question being more prominent. The c

52、oncrete manifestation is not perfect in the rural infrastructure and the public services mechanism, such as the health system insufficiency, education backwardness; the farmers la</p><p>　　First, the main bo

53、dy of the rural public goods supply system is the government. Since long, the Chinese rural public goods system is unitary supplies mechanism with the government as the main body, particularly as lower rural management o

54、rganization's villages' and towns' government. But the government of villages and towns, whose finical power and the governance are asymmetrical, has small property rights but big governance. If the rural ele

55、mentary education, the birth control, the water and el</p><p>　　Second, government function in rural basic unit is dislocated. The government of rural basic unit's villages and towns plans and organizes

56、the village public utility and public utility's construction by state power's status, providing the public goods and the public services for the countryside, but because the villages and towns government has the

57、phenomenon of function dislocation, cannot provide the essential public services effectively to the countryside, causing the rural public goods syste</p><p>　　Third, mechanism of stimulating the farmers'

58、 participation in the public goods investment is lack. The household undertake the responsibility system to vacillate the collectivization time rural public goods system gradually, causing the rural public goods system t

59、o lose the economic basis. As a result of limited an unitary and supplies system, too much relies on government's investment, having not established the drive of farmer who adapts with the market economy, personal, t

60、he enterprise to put</p><p>　　Fourth, influence to rural public goods system was brought out after the reform of taxes and fees. Because our rural areas implement the public product supplies of the unitary s

61、ystem, the government takes the supplies as the main body. Therefore, implementing the taxes and fees reform in the countryside, after cancelling the agricultural tax, the county township pecuniary condition was more unb

62、alanced, weakened the rural public goods system ability. Moreover, after countryside taxes and fees ref</p><p>　　Countermeasures to solve the rural public services system question</p><p>　　Facin

63、g the present difficult position of China's rural public product and the public services supplies, promoting the ability and the responsibility of government's rural public services system, strengthening rural lo

64、wer management organization's function reforming, planning the urban and rural areas in the foundation to adopt the multiplex ways to provide the public services, the implementation integration and the multiplication

65、 unify supplies system, thus enhancing the efficiency of the rural </p><p>　　Promoting government's ability and responsibility in rural public services system</p><p>　　Speaking of the develo

66、ping country, the government is the important impelling force in modernization, taking the executor of the public authority, providing the public services is the important measurable to justify if government's abilit

67、y is strong or weak. Looking from the fact that some developed countries and the developing countries experience from the world that provides public products to the rural areas, the government should undertake the comple

68、tely responsibility and the duty, also rea</p><p>　　Strengthening the transformation of the management function of the rural basic unit government, enhancing the ability of the public product supplies</p&

69、gt;<p>　　In view of the transformation of the management function of the rural basic unit government, causing serious insufficient phenomenon of the rural public services vacancy and the rural public services syst

70、em, the rural basic unit government should carry on the role and the function localization positively, prominent public product supplies and service function and consciousness. As facing the countryside directly, which p

71、rovides the public services and services of countryside basic-level organiza</p><p>　　Establishing the public product supplies system of integration and multiplication</p><p>　　The so-called int

72、egration refers to the implementation of consistent supplies mechanism of the urban and rural areas; the so-called multiplication refers to the multiplication of the rural public services supplies' main body, the sup

73、plies way, and the fund raising channel. The integration is mainly the solution to the dual supplies mechanism question, providing the fair policy environment and the system platform for the urban and rural public servic

74、es' supplies, causing the urban and rural areas</p><p>　　(1) Main body of implementing multiplex rural public services system. As a result of the insufficiency of the finance ability of the rural basic u

75、nit government and the inherent limitation of government supplies efficiency, causing the sole government supplies that is not adapt to the advanced rural community's development demand. Therefore, constructing multi

76、plication rural public services system should be carried out according to the level and the nature of the rural public services. The main </p><p>　　(2) Forming fund procurement mechanism of multiplex rural p

77、ublic services. After the reform of taxes and fees, the reason that the rural public product presents the supplies to be short, a substantial clause is used to provide the public services the sources of fund mainly to re

78、ly on the government, when the government cannot collect the enough fund, definitely will affect the public product supplies. Therefore, it should go through the construction raising fund channel's multiplex mechanis

79、m, an</p><p>　　(3) To carry out supply ways of multiplex rural public goods system. The rural public goods system refers to how the supplies process organized by the main body of supplies the rural public go

80、ods. Along with the rural public goods system main body and the sources of fund channel's multiplication, the rural public goods system must be multiplication, mainly dividing into the direct supplies and the indirec

81、t supplies two forms. The direct supplies way refers to the government to provide the certai</p><p>　　(4) Establishing perfect supervising mechanism and discuss and introduce mechanism. The rural public good

82、s system's construction is also to establish the science reasonable evaluation criteria, adopting the opening transparent operator schema, guaranteeing the supervising mechanism and the appraisal mechanism validity o