香港雇員工作生活質(zhì)素及信心調(diào)查employees’well-being

1、1,香港城市大學(xué)管理學(xué)系應(yīng)用研究梁覺教授、葉景明博士Applied Research Conducted by Prof. Kwok LEUNG and Dr. Olivia IPDepartment of Management, City University of Hong Kong,Press Release on 10 June 2009,香港僱員信心、勞資關(guān)係及工作承諾調(diào)查研究Employee Confidenc

2、e, Industrial Relations and Work Commitment Survey,2,背景資料 Background Information,本研究旨在了解香港僱員對目前工作的信心指數(shù)、勞資關(guān)係和工作承諾的情況。調(diào)查以電話訪問形式進(jìn)行，於2009年3月期間，成功訪問810位18歲或以上，現(xiàn)正全職工作的香港僱員。研究結(jié)果可幫助僱主了解僱員的心態(tài)、需要及工作承諾，以便制訂人事管理政策。The survey aims

3、 to understand the confidence levels of Hong Kong employees towards their jobs, their relations with employers, and their work commitment.It was conducted during March, 2009. A total of 810 Hong Kong current full-time

4、employees, aged 18 or above, were interviewed.The research results can enhance employers’ understanding of employees’ attitudes, needs and work commitment, and inform human resource management policy making.,,3,樣本概況 Sa

5、mple Overview,樣本總數(shù)：810性別：男(50%) / 女(50%)年齡：30以下(20.6%) / 30 – 39 (25.2%) / 40或以上(54.2%)婚姻狀況：未婚(36.3%) / 已婚(63.7%)職級：低層(33.5%) / 中層(56.2%) / 高層(9.5%)教育程度：小學(xué)及中學(xué)(55.3%) / 大?；蛞陨?44.7%)在公司工作平均年數(shù)：7.91 年Total sample: 81

6、0Sex: Male (50%) / Female (50%)Age: Below 30 (20.6%) / 30 – 39 (25.2 %) / 40 or above (54.2 %)Marriage status: Single (36.3 %) / Married (63.7%)Job position: Lower level (33.5 %) / Middle level (56.2 %) / Upper level

7、 (9.5 %)Education level: Primary and Secondary (55.3 %) / Tertiary or above (44.7 %)Average years of working with the current company: 7.91 years,4,香港僱員信心指數(shù) Hong Kong Employee Confidence Index (HKECI),5,香港僱員信心指數(shù) (HKE

8、CI – 簡稱ECI ) 是量度僱員對工作上不同層面的觀感及滿意程度。ECI 內(nèi)的10題問題，包括3個方面：工作滿意度、工作安全感，及工作前景。,Hong Kong Employee Confidence Index (HKECI – shortened to ECI ) aims to measure employees’ perceptions and satisfaction towards various aspects of

9、 their jobs.The 10 questions in ECI fall into 3 categories: Well-Being, Job Security and Job Prospect.,6,ECI 是以 0-10分作評分，分?jǐn)?shù)越高，表示僱員的信心越高。 此外，受訪者也被問及對目前香港的就業(yè)市場的看法。,ECI is measured on a scale of 0-10. A higher score repre

10、sents a higher overall confidence of the employee.In addition, respondents were also asked about their views on the overall job market in Hong Kong.,7,僱員信心指數(shù) – 2005-2009年比較及分層分析ECI –Comparison of 2005-2009 findings and

11、 Analyses by Sectors,8,Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數(shù),11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,Employee Confidence Index (ECI) - 2005-2009僱員信心指數(shù)（05-09年）趨勢圖,10,Employee Confidence Index (E

12、CI) 僱員信心指數(shù),11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,11,Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數(shù),11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,12,Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員

13、信心指數(shù),11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,13,主要研究結(jié)果 (I) Major Findings (I),整體上，“工作滿意度”變化不大，但有關(guān)“清晰公司目標(biāo)” 方面，卻較去年進(jìn)步。整體上，“工作安全感” 較過去兩年下降。在“工作前景”上，各方面也比過去兩年大幅下降。Overall, the Well-Being score has

14、 not changed much compared to the past two years. However, employees’ perception of “clear company goals” has improved.Overall, the Job Security score has dropped compared to the last two years.Employees’ view of Job P

15、rospect is substantially worse than that of 2008 and 2007 in all aspects.,14,Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數(shù),5.82,Mean平均值,11-point scale: 0<low<5; 5<medium<8; 8<high<10十一分制 :

16、 0<低<5; 5<中<8 ; 8<高<10,6.04,5.43,15,ECI Sub-indexes 僱員信心指數(shù)分層分析,Mean平均值,6.99,6.93,4.11,2007,2009,2008,6.99,4.59,7.06,11-point scale: 0<low<5; 5<medium<8; 8<h

17、igh<10十一分制 : 0<低<5; 5<中<8 ; 8<高<10,2009,7.01,6.64,3.25,16,Mean平均值,11-point scale: 0-4 low; 5-8 medium; 9-10 high十一分制 : 0-4 低; 5-8 中 ;

18、 9-10 高,4.49,5.05,3.23,17,主要研究結(jié)果 (II) Major Findings (II),研究結(jié)果顯示香港僱員的信心指數(shù)(ECI)，屬中等水準(zhǔn)，平均值有5.43分,但較2008年(平均值 6.04)顯著下降。與2008年比較，低水準(zhǔn)的信心指數(shù)的僱員比例上升 (20%增至38%)。約有60%的受訪者的信心指數(shù)是屬於中等，而約2%的信心是屬於高.This survey shows that the con

19、fidence level of Hong Kong employees is moderate, with an ECI mean of 5.43, which is significantly lower than that of 2008 (6.04).Compared to the results of 2008, the proportion of respondents with low levels of ECI inc

20、reased from 20% to 38%. About 60% of the respondents have an average level of ECI, while about 2% have a high ECI.,18,另外，香港僱員對整體就業(yè)市場的信心較低（平均3.23分），顯示他們認(rèn)為目前在香港「搵工」比較悲觀。相比起2008年的5.05分，僱員對2009年的整體就業(yè)市場的信心指數(shù)有很大程度的下降。There

21、is moderate pessimism towards the overall job market (average score 3.23). This indicates that job search prospects are not good. Compared to the score of 2008 (average score 5.05), the confidence level of employees tow

22、ards overall job market has decreased.,主要研究結(jié)果 (II) Major Findings (II),19,僱員信心指數(shù) – 不同行業(yè)分析 (分層)ECI – Analyses by Industry (by Sector),20,ECI – Analyses by Industries 不同行業(yè)的信心指數(shù),Mean ECI = 5.43,製造業(yè),建造業(yè),批發(fā)零售,進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易,飲食及酒店業(yè),運(yùn)輸

23、、倉庫及通訊,金融、保險地產(chǎn),社區(qū)、社會及個人服務(wù),11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,,21,Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數(shù)Wholesale & Retail 批發(fā)零售業(yè),Well-Being工作滿意度,Job Security工作安全感,Job Prospect工作前景,11

24、-point scale: 0-5 low; 5-8 medium; 8-10 high十一分制 : 0-5 低; 5-8 中 ; 8-10 高,22,Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 僱員信心指數(shù)Transport, storage & communications 運(yùn)輸、倉庫及通訊業(yè),11-point scale:

25、 0-5 low; 5-8 medium; 8-10 high十一分制 : 0-5 低; 5-8 中 ; 8-10 高,Well-Being工作滿意度,Job Security工作安全感,Job Prospect工作前景,23,就不同行業(yè)而言，運(yùn)輸、倉庫及通訊業(yè)(平均值5.07)、及飲食及酒店業(yè) (平均值5.11)從業(yè)員的信心指數(shù)比其他行業(yè)為低。批發(fā)零售

26、業(yè)(平均值5.59)、進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易業(yè)（平均值5.58）從業(yè)員的信心指數(shù)比其他行業(yè)高。今年金融、保險、地產(chǎn)及商用業(yè)經(jīng)歷最大的跌幅。With regard to different industries, the employees in Transport, storage & communications industries (average score 5.07) and the employees in Restaura

27、nts & hotels (average score 5.11) have lower ECI scores than others. The employees in Wholesale retail industries (average score 5.59) and the employees in Import & export trades (average score 5.58) have a high

28、er ECI score than other industries.The Financing, insurance, real estate and business service industries saw the greatest drop in scores this year.,主要研究結(jié)果 (III) Major Findings (III),24,僱員信心指數(shù) –人口統(tǒng)計(jì)分析(分層) ECI – Analyses

29、 by Demographics,25,Employee Confidence Index by Gender僱員信心指數(shù)分層分析 – 性別,11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,26,Employee Confidence Index- by Gender僱員信心指數(shù)分層分析 – 性別,11-point scale: 0 – lowest;

30、 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,27,Employee Confidence Index -by Age 僱員信心指數(shù)分層分析 – 年齡,11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,28,Employee Confidence Index -by Age 僱員信心指數(shù)分層分析 – 年齡,11-point

31、scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,29,Employee Confidence Index- by Education Level僱員信心指數(shù)分層分析 – 學(xué)歷,11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,30,Employee Confidence Index -by E

32、ducation Level僱員信心指數(shù)分層分析 – 學(xué)歷,11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,31,Employee Confidence Index -by Job Position僱員信心指數(shù)分層分析 – 職位,11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 –

33、最高,32,Employee Confidence Index -by Job Position僱員信心指數(shù)分層分析 – 職位,11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,33,主要研究結(jié)果 (IV) Major Findings (IV),男性與女性信心指數(shù)相差不大。男性與女性在工作安全感、工作前景方面的信心指數(shù)相差不大。40歲以上僱員信心指數(shù)

34、較低, 30歲以下僱員信心指數(shù)較高.學(xué)歷(小學(xué)及中學(xué)) 低的僱員信心指數(shù)較低, 學(xué)歷(大?；蛞陨?高的僱員信心指數(shù)較高。和其他年齡組別的僱員比較起來, 40歲以上的僱員對工作前景的信心尤其低，但是他們的工作滿意度較強(qiáng)。低層職位僱員的信心指數(shù)，相對於中層和高層職位僱員的信心指數(shù)為低。,34,The ECI of males and females are comparable.With regards to Job Securit

35、y and Job Prospect, the ECI of males and females are comparable.Employees aged 40 or above tend to have a lower ECI, but employees aged 30 or below tend to have a higher ECI.Employees with low educational attainment te

36、nd to have a lower ECI. However, Employees with a higher education level tend to have a higher ECI.Compared with employees of other age groups, those aged 40 and above tend to have the lowest confidence with regard to t

37、heir own Job prospect; however, they also tend to have higher levels of Job Well-Being. Compared with people in middle level and upper level positions, employees in low-level positions tend to have a lower ECI.,主要研究結(jié)果 (

38、IV) Major Findings (IV),35,Employee Confidence Index -by Occupations僱員信心指數(shù)分層分析 – 職業(yè)界別,Mean ECI = 5.43,11-point scale: 0 – lowest; 10 – highest十一分制 : 0 – 最低, 10 – 最高,Employee Confidence Index -by Occupations僱員信心指數(shù)分層分析

39、 – 職業(yè)界別,37,主要研究結(jié)果 (V) Major Findings (V),專業(yè)人員的ECI信心指數(shù)最高，非技術(shù)工人的ECI信心指數(shù)最低商店銷售員的在工作滿意度方面的信心指數(shù)最高，專業(yè)人員在工作安全、工作前景方面的信心指數(shù)最高 值得注意，商店銷售員是唯一ECI信心指數(shù)沒有下降的職業(yè)組別(去年均值5.95)。而經(jīng)理及行政人員的ECI信心指數(shù)則經(jīng)歷了最大的跌幅(去年均值6.54)。非技術(shù)工人在工作滿意度、工作前景方面的信心指數(shù)為

40、最低。工藝及有關(guān)人員在工作安全方面的信心指數(shù)最低,38,Professionals tend to have the highest ECI; employees in Elementary occupations tend to have the lowest ECI.Shop sales workers have the highest Job Well-Being scores. Professionals have the h

41、ighest Job Security and Job Prospect scores.It is worth noting that Shop sales workers is the only occupation that did not report a lower ECI score from last year (last year’s average 5.95). On the other hand, Managers

42、 and Administrators reported the greatest drop in ECI score from last year (last year’s average 6.54). Employees in Elementary occupations tend to have the lowest Job Well-Being and Job Prospect scores. Craft and relate

43、d workers have the lowest Job Security scores.,主要研究結(jié)果 (V) Major Findings (V),Industrial Relations Index (IRI)勞資關(guān)係指數(shù),39,勞資關(guān)係指數(shù)(IRI)是量度勞方及資方關(guān)係的指數(shù)。IRI內(nèi)的五條問題以1 – 5分作評分，分?jǐn)?shù)越高表示僱員對勞資關(guān)係的看法比較正面。Industrial Relations Index (IRI

44、) aims to measure relations between employers and employees .The 5 questions in the IRI are based on a scale of 1 – 5, and a higher score represents a more positive view of industrial relations.,40,Industrial Relations

45、 Index (IRI) 勞資關(guān)係指數(shù),5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,,,,Mean IRI = 3.45,*Lower score represents better relation.低分表示良好關(guān)係,41,Industrial Relations Index (IRI) – by Indu

46、stry勞資關(guān)係指數(shù) – 行業(yè),5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,Mean IRI = 3.45,42,,Industrial Relations Index (IRI) – by Job Position勞資關(guān)係指數(shù) – 職位,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disag

47、ree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,43,Industrial Relations Index (IRI) – by Gender勞資關(guān)係指數(shù) – 性別,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,44,45,Industrial Relat

48、ions Index (IRI) – by Age 勞資關(guān)係指數(shù)– 年齡,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,46,Industrial Relations Index (IRI) – by Education Level勞資關(guān)係指數(shù) –學(xué)歷,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely

49、 disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,Industrial Relations Index (IRI)– by Occupation 勞資關(guān)係指數(shù) – 職業(yè)界別,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,,,,,Mean IRI

50、= 3.45,47,主要研究結(jié)果 (I) Major Findings (I),在勞資關(guān)係指數(shù)上，受訪者的評分為中等水平（3.45） ，反映出勞資關(guān)係尚算協(xié)調(diào)。在進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易行業(yè)(3.53)勞資關(guān)係最好;在批發(fā)和零售業(yè) (3.38) ，勞資關(guān)係指數(shù)最低。職位越高，勞資關(guān)係指數(shù)亦會越高，即是勞資關(guān)係越好。This survey shows that the IRI score of Hong Kong employees is mod

51、erate, with an IRI mean of 3.45The IRI of employees in Import & export trades (3.53) is the highest, while that of employees in Wholesale & retail (3.38) is the lowest. The higher the position, the higher the I

52、RI, which indicates better relations between the employers and employees.,48,女性的勞資關(guān)係指數(shù)較男性高。經(jīng)理及行政人員的勞資關(guān)係指數(shù)最高；而工藝及有關(guān)人員的勞資關(guān)係指數(shù)最低。Female respondents reported higher IRI scores than male respondents.Respondents working as

53、Managers and administrations reported the highest IRI scores, while respondents working in Craft and related workers indicated the lowest IRI score.,49,Work Commitment Index 工作承諾指數(shù),50,51,工作承諾指數(shù)(WCI)是一個量度僱員工作承諾程度的指數(shù)。WCI

54、主要包括2方面:組織承諾及職業(yè)承諾?！敖M織承諾”包括3條，以1 – 5分作評分，分?jǐn)?shù)越高表示僱員對現(xiàn)在工作組織的承諾程度越高?！奥殬I(yè)承諾”包括3條，以1—5分作評分，分?jǐn)?shù)越高，表示僱員對現(xiàn)在從事的職業(yè)的承諾程度越高。,52,WCI aims to measure employees’ work commitment towards their organizations and occupations.WCI has 2 aspe

55、cts: Organizational commitment, Occupational commitment. Organizational commitment (OGC) includes 3 items, based on a scale of 1 – 5. A higher score reflects a higher level of work commitment towards their organization

56、s. Occupational commitment (OCC) includes 3 items, based on a scale of 1 – 5. A higher score reflects a higher level of work commitment towards their occupations.,53,Work Commitment Index (WCI) 工作承諾指數(shù),5-point scale: 1

57、 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,54,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,,Work Commitment Index (WCI) 工作承諾指數(shù),,5-point scale: 1 – Extr

58、emely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,Organizational Commitment 組織承諾,55,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,Occupational Commitment 職業(yè)承諾,56,調(diào)查結(jié)

59、果顯示2009年僱員的工作承諾指數(shù)(3.58)比2008年高 (3.38)。僱員對職業(yè)的承諾度的平均值(3.66)，比對組織承諾的平均值(3.50)為高。The survey shows that employees’ WCI of 2009 (3.58) is higher than that of 2008 (3.38)Employees reported a higher level of Occupational Comm

60、itment (3.66) than that of Organizational Commitment (3.50).,主要研究結(jié)果 (I) Major Findings (I),主要研究結(jié)果 (I) Major Findings (I),在“組織承諾”方面，2009年僱員“對組織的有很強(qiáng)的歸屬感 ”與“一個人必須忠於他的組織”的分?jǐn)?shù)比2008年高。在“職業(yè)承諾”方面，2009年僱員的對“職業(yè)責(zé)任感”與對“改變職業(yè)太遲”的看法比20

61、08年高。With regards to “organizational commitment”, employees reported higher scores for “strong sense of belonging to organization” and “normative loyalty to organization” in 2009 than in 2008.With regards to “occupatio

62、nal commitment”, employees reported higher scores for “sense of responsibility for the occupation” and “too late to change occupation” in 2009 than in 2008.,工作承諾指數(shù) –以行業(yè)及人口統(tǒng)計(jì)分析(分層) WCI – Analyses by Industry & Demog

63、raphics,59,Work Commitment Index (WCI)– by Industry工作承諾指數(shù)– 行業(yè),5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,Mean WCI = 3.58,60,,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremel

64、y agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,Work Commitment Index (WCI) 工作承諾指數(shù),61,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,,,,,Mean CI = 3.58,Work Commitment Index (WCI)– by Occupatio

65、n 工作承諾指數(shù)– 職業(yè)界別,62,Work Commitment Index (WCI)–– by Gender工作承諾指數(shù) – 性別,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,63,Work Commitment Index (WCI)––by Position工作承諾指數(shù) –– 職位,5-poin

66、t scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,64,Work Commitment Index (WCI)––by Age工作承諾指數(shù) –年齡,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,65,W

67、ork Commitment Index (WCI)–– by Education工作承諾指數(shù) – 學(xué)歷,5-point scale: 1 – Extremely disagree; 5 – Extremely agree五分制 : 1 – 極之不同意, 5 – 極之同意,66,研究結(jié)果顯示，以行業(yè)劃分，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易業(yè)的僱員的工作承諾指數(shù)是最高（平均值3.65）；製造業(yè)的僱員的工作承諾指數(shù)是最低（平均值3.5）。女性僱員對職業(yè)承諾

68、的指數(shù)比男性僱員為高。高層職位的僱員對組織承諾及職業(yè)承諾指數(shù)，比低層職位的僱員為高；40歲年齡以上的僱員的組織承諾及職業(yè)承諾指數(shù)是最高；以職業(yè)劃分, 經(jīng)理及行政人員的職業(yè)承諾最高；商店銷售人員的組織承諾最高。,主要研究結(jié)果 (II) Major Findings (II),67,Employees in the Import & export trades reported the highest level of wor

69、k commitment (mean=3.65), whereas employees in the Manufacturing industries reported the lowest level of work commitment (mean=3.5). The results of this survey indicate females reported high scores of Occupational Commi

70、tment than males.Upper level employees reported higher scores of Work Commitment Index than lower level employees.Respondents aged 40 years old or above tend to have higher scores of Work Commitment Index.By occupatio