醫(yī)學英語疾病介紹gastriccarcinoma胃癌

1、Gastric Carcinoma,胃癌,Introduction,Description 概述Classification 分類Causes 病因Symptoms 癥狀Pathlogical Changes 病變Exams and Tests臨床檢查Treatment 治療Outlook(Prognosis) 預后Prevention 預防,Gastric Cancer r

2、efers to cancer arising from any part of the stomach. Stomach cancer causes about 800,000 deaths worldwide per year.Gastric Carcinoma is the most common cause of death in malignant tumors of alimentary system in China.,

3、Description-- Definition,carcinoma[?kɑ:si?n?um?] n. 癌malignant[m??liɡn?nt] adj. 惡性的alimentary[?æli?ment?ri] adj. 消化的,,Location: mainly along the gastric lesser curvature side(80.3%), predominantly in the antrum (5

4、6.4%)A higher incidence in males than females with a ratio of 2:1~3:1.It usually appears in fourth and sixth decade of life.This form of gastric cancer is very common in Japan, Chile, and Iceland.,Description-- Feat

5、ures,,,,gastric lesser curvature([?k?:v??t???, -t??] ) side 胃小彎側(cè)predominantly[pr??d?m?n?ntl?] adv. 大部分，多半Antrum[?æntr?m] n.竇，腔，房incidence[?insid?ns] n.發(fā)病率,,,,Stomach cancer world map - Death – WHO(世界衛(wèi)生組織)2004Age

6、-standardised death rates(年齡標準化死亡率) from Stomach cancer by country (per 100,000 inhabitants(居民)).,Description-- Features,Several different types of cancer can occur in the stomach. The most common type is called adenocar

7、cinoma, which starts from one of the common cell types found in the lining of the stomach.,Classification,adenocarcinoma[?ædin?u?kɑ:si?n?um?] n.腺癌the lining(襯里,內(nèi)層) of the stomach:胃壁Mesenchymal[mes‘e?kim?l] adj. 間葉

8、細胞的,間充質(zhì)的,,Adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a common cancer of the digestive tract worldwide, The rate of most types of gastric adenocarcinoma has gone down over the years. Experts think the decrease may be because people

9、 are eating less salted, cured, and smoked foods.,Classification,Digestive tract：消化道Salted：鹽腌的Cured：熟化的，熏制的Smoked：煙熏過的,Causes,You are more likely to get gastric cancer if you: Have a family history of gastric ca

10、ncerHave an infection of the stomach by bacteria called Helicobacter pyloriHad a polyp larger than 2 centimeters in your stomach,,Bacteria:[bæk'ti?ri?] n. 細菌Helicobacter[?helik?bækt?] 【醫(yī)】纏繞桿菌屬 pylo

11、ri [pai?l?:rai] n.幽門 -- Helicobacter pylori:幽門螺桿菌Polyp[?p?lip] n.息肉,Have inflammation and swelling of the stomach for a long time (chronic atrophic gastritis)Have pernicious anemiaSmoke,Causes,Inflammation:[??nfl??me?

12、??n] n. [醫(yī)]炎癥Swelling:[?swel??] n. 腫脹 chronic atrophic[??tr?fik] gastritis[gæ?stra?t?s] :慢性萎縮性胃炎pernicious[p??n???s] anemia[??ni:mi:?] :惡性貧血,Abdominal fullness(腹脹) or pain(疼痛), which may occur after eat a small

13、 mealDark stools(黑便)Difficulty swallowing(吞咽困難), which becomes worse over timeExcessive belching(噯氣/打嗝兒過度)General decline in health(全身健康機能減退),Symptoms,Abdominal:[æb?d?m?n?l] adj. 腹部的 Belch:[belt?] v.打嗝，噯氣Decli

14、ne:[di?klain] n.衰退 噯 [ǎi]:打嗝兒，胃里的氣從嘴里出來，并發(fā)出聲音。,Loss of appetite(食欲缺乏)Nausea(惡心)Vomiting, which may contain blood(嘔血)Weakness or fatigue(疲勞)Weight loss(體重減輕),Symptoms,Appetite: [?æpitait] n.胃口，食欲Nausea:[?n?:zi:

15、?, -??, -si:?, -??] n. 作嘔； 惡心； 反胃 Vomit:[?v?mit] vt.& vi. 嘔吐 Fatigue:[f?'ti:g] n. 疲勞,Early gastric cancer:早期胃癌The cancer have not invaded the muscularis propria(肌層) and are therefore limited to the mucosa(黏膜層)

16、 and submucosa(黏膜下層).Advance gastric carcinoma:進展期胃癌The cancer have invaded the muscularis propria or even further and beyond the mucosa and submucosa.,Pathlogical Changes,Invade:[in?veid] vt.& vi. 侵入 Muscularis:[

17、m?skju?l??ris]肌層 Mucosa:[mju:?k?us?] n. 黏膜層 Propria:固有層,,,Protruded type (Ⅰ型 隆起型)Superficial type (Ⅱ型 表淺型)Superficial elevated type (Ⅱa型 表淺隆起型)Superficial flat type (Ⅱb型 表淺平坦型)Superfici

18、al depressed type (Ⅱc型 表淺凹陷型)Excavated type (Ⅲ型 凹陷型),Pathlogical Changes,Protrude:[pr???tru:d] vt. 使突出 Superficial:[?sju:p??fi??l] adj. 表面（上）的 Excavate:[?eksk??ve?t] vt. 挖掘； 開鑿,(1)息肉型或蕈傘型 polypoid or fungating

19、 type,(2)潰瘍型 Ulcerative type,(3)浸潤型 Infiltrating type,進展期胃癌大體類型,Pathlogical Changes,Polypoid:['p?lip?id]息肉樣 Fungating:['f?ngeit] [醫(yī)]真菌樣生長 Ulcerative:[??ls?r?tiv] adj. 潰瘍（性）的 Infiltrating:[?n?f?l?tre?t??] v.

20、（使）滲透,A suspicious stomach ulcer that was ultimately diagnosed as cancer on biopsy([bai??psi] 活檢) and resected([ri(:)?sektid] 切除). The surgical specimen([‘spesim?n] 外科手術(shù)樣本) was subsequently([’s?bsikw?ntli] 隨后，后來) kept fo

21、r educational purposes.,,,,Pathlogical Changes,Adenocarcinoma of the stomach ([‘ædin?ukɑ:si’n?um?] 腺癌) 隸屬潰瘍型進展期胃癌，伴有潰瘍形成的胃癌有時需與消化性潰瘍鑒別,Endoscopic([end?s‘k?pik] 內(nèi)窺鏡) image of linitis([li‘naitis]胃蜂窩織炎) plastica

22、([?plæstikɑ] 塑料的), a type of stomach cancer where the entire stomach is invaded, leading to a leather([?leð?] 皮革) bottle-like appearance with blood coming out of it.,Pathlogical Changes,Linitis plastica

23、 革囊胃 隸屬浸潤型進展期胃癌,Diagnosis is often delayed(被推遲) because symptoms may not occur in the early stages of the disease(疾病早期階段). Or, patients may self-treat symptoms(自己治療出現(xiàn)的一些癥狀) that gastric cancer has in co

24、mmon with other, less serious gastrointestinal disorders(相對不那么嚴重的胃腸道疾病) (bloating(胃氣脹), heartburn(胃灼熱), and a sense of fullness(腹脹感)).,Exams and Tests,Gastrointestinal[gæstr?uin'test?nl] disorders胃腸道病癥Bloating[

25、bl??t??]胃氣脹Heartburn[?hɑ:tb?:n]胃灼熱,The following tests can help diagnose gastric cancer:Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemiaEsophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy to examine the stomach tissueStool te

26、st to check for blood in the stools,Exams and Tests,Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia:貧血時檢查全血細胞計數(shù)Esophago[a??s?f?g??] /gastro[?gæstr??] /duodeno[?dju:?u?di:n??] /scopy (EGD):食道、胃、十二指腸鏡檢查Stool test to

27、check for blood in the stools:大便中帶血時檢查糞便,Surgery to remove the stomach (gastrectomy) is the only treatment that can cure the condition. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may help. For many patients, chemotherapy and rad

28、iation therapy after surgery may improve the chance of a cure(提高治愈的可能性).For patients who cannot have surgery, chemotherapy or radiation can improve symptoms and may prolong survival(延長生存時間), but will likely not cure the

29、 cancer. For some patients, a surgical bypass procedure(外科旁路手術(shù)) may relieve symptoms(減輕癥狀).,Treatment,Gastrectomy:[ɡæs?trekt?mi] 胃切除術(shù)Radiation[?reidi?ei??n] therapy:放療Chemotherapy[?kem?u?θer?pi] :化療,The outlook v

30、aries(預后情況). Tumors in the lower stomach(胃下部的腫瘤) are cured more often than those in the higher stomach -- gastric cardia(胃賁門) or gastroesophageal junction(食管胃連接). How far the tumor invades the stomach wall(腫瘤侵襲胃壁的程度) and

31、 whether lymph nodes(淋巴結(jié)) are involved(是否已發(fā)生淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移) when the patient is diagnosed affect the chances of a cure(影響治愈的可能性).When the tumor has spread outside the stomach(腫瘤已經(jīng)擴散到胃外時), a cure is not possible(治愈已經(jīng)不可能了) and

32、0;the goal of treatment is to improve symptoms(使癥狀好轉(zhuǎn)).,Outlook(Prognosis),gastric cardia[?kɑ:di?] 胃賁門Gastroesophageal[?ɡæstr?ui?s?f??d?i:?l] 食管胃的lymph[l?mf] nodes[n?udz] 淋巴結(jié),Mass screening programs(疾病普查程序) have b

33、een successful at detecting disease in the early stages(疾病早期探測) in Japan, where the risk of gastric cancer(胃癌帶來的危害) is much higher than in the United States. The value of screening(這種普查的價值) in the United States and other

34、 countries with lower rates of gastric cancer(美國以及胃癌發(fā)病率較低的其它國家) is not clear(尚不明確).,Prevention,The following may help reduce your risk of gastric cancer:Don't smokeEat a healthy, balanced diet rich in fruits and ve