2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、外文翻譯原文：原文：CpatecultureWhenstudyingcpatecultureinthesenseofsharedbeliefsvaluesitisimptanttodistinguishtwodimensions.Thefirstdimensionisthestrengthoftheculturethatisthedegreetowhichthesebeliefsvaluesareshared.Itisthiscultu

2、ralstrengththathasbeenthefocusofthisarticlethathasalsoreceivedthemostattentionintheliteratureoncpateculture.But—whereasculturalstrengthhasanimpactonfirmperfmance—itistheseconddimensionwhichoftenseemstohavethelargerimpact

3、onfirmperfmance:thecontentoftheculturethatiswhatthesepeoplebelievevalue.InwhatfollowsInowconsiderthisarticle’simplicationsfthecontentofcpateculture.Ishowinparticularthatthemanagerhasanimptantinfluenceonthecontentofherfir

4、m’sculturethatafirm’sculturetendstopersistovertimeevenwhenalliginalmembersofthefirmhaveleft.ThewkingpaperVandenSteen(2004)alsoshowswhydifferentfirmsmaydevelopdifferentcultureswhyculturesmaybesuboptimalevenwhenfirmshaveun

5、limitedopptunitytolearnfromexperience.Themanager’sinfluenceonculture.Tocapturethecontentdimensionof“cpatecultureassharedbeliefs”Iwouldliketodefineafirm’sculturetobethatcourseofactiononwhichmostemployeesagreeasthebestcour

6、seofaction(atthepointintimewhentheyhavetochooseanaction).Withafinitenumberofemployeeshoweversuchactionmaynotexist.Iwilltherefefmallydefineacourseofactionactobethefirm’scultureiftheprobability—overthedistributionofemploye

7、ebeliefs—thattwoemployeesagreeonacasthebestcourseofactionishigherthantheprobabilitythattheyagreeonanyotherparticularaction.Asthenumberofemployeesgoestoinfinitythisdefinitionalmostsurelycoincideswiththeactiononwhichmostem

8、ployeesagreeasthebestcourseofaction.Myfirstresultisthenthatafirm’scultureisinfluencedbyitsmanager’sbeliefs.Iwillshowinparticularthat—underreasonableconditions—themanager’sactionSection3withN≥2.Assumethatoneoftheemployees

9、ofthefirstgenerationbecomesthemanagerinthesecondgeneration(theemployeesofthesecondgenerationarenewdrawsfromL).Iwillshowthatunderreasonableconditionssecondgenerationemployeesaremelikelytoagreeona?M(1)asthebestactionthanon

10、anyotheraction.Infactthisresultalsoholdsafteranarbitrarynumberofgenerationsinanoverlappinggenerationsmodelwhereindividualsareemployeesintheirfirstperiodmanagersintheirsecondperiodthenleave:thenthgenerationemployeesaremel

11、ikelytoagreeontheveryfirstmanager’sactionchoicethanonanyotheraction.Thisresultisquiteremarkablegiventhatthefirstgenerationmanager’spriiscompletelyindependentoftheunderlyingperfmanceotherplayers’prisgiventhatthesecondgene

12、rationemployeesneveroverlappedwiththefirstgenerationmanager.Itshowshowaplayer’sactionscanbesystematicallyinfluencedbyfcedlearningthatisbyexposingtheplayertoexperimentschosenbysomeoneelse.Source:RJournalofEconomicsVol.41N

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