企業(yè)文化危脅還是機(jī)遇？【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯原文：原文：TheEnterpriseCulture:ThreatOpptunity“Enterprise“withitsassociatedideasof“entrepreneurship““intrapreneurship““smallbusiness“arevoguewdsofthe1980s.Manyfactshavecontributedtotheirwideusage:?thewldwiderec

2、essionwithitsparticularimpactonunemploymentthedeclineofmanufacturingindustries?theswitchofemploymentemphasisfrommanufacturingtoserviceindustries?thedesireoflargeganisationstocuttheiroverheadsbymecontractingout?agrowingde

3、sireamongmanymanagersfindependenceleadingtothesettingupofanincreasingnumberofsmallbusinesses?changingtechnologycommunicationtrendswhichfacilitatewkingatadistancetherefemakeselfemploymentsmallbusinessesmeviable.Theintenti

4、onofthisarticleistolookafreshatthe“enterpriseculture“ofthe1980sanalysingitsnatureexaminingthepeoplethecircumstancesthemarketsmostimptantofalltheganisationswhichencourageenterprisewhichcanbestbenefitfromthepracticeofentre

5、preneurship.ATheNatureofEnterprise“Enterprise““smallbusiness“arefrequentlyusedasiftheyweresynonymousthoughasweshallseetheyarenot.1EnterprisetheEntrepreneurAnentrepreneurisanenterprisingpersonthatishesheshowscertainenterp

6、risingattributespatternsofbehaviourthinkingusuallyinabusinesssetting.Anentrepreneurthenismostusefullydefinedaccdingtoasetofpersonalattributes.Butaretheseattributesinbnincertainfavouredindividualscananyonelearnthemiftheci

7、rcumstancesarerightTheanswerseemstoliesomewhereinbetween.Somepeopleareinnatelymeenterprisingthanotherswhileeducationmakeamark.FexampleitcanbearguedthatthestrengthoftheLerinGermanytheCantonsinSwitzerldomuchtoenhancetheSma

8、llMediumEnterprise(SME)sectsinthosecountries.(ii)TheexistingstrengthoftheSMEsectinanationaleconomyinparticularthedegreetowhichthisisreflectedinthepoliticaleconomicpowerofSMEtradeindustryassociations.(iii)Theideologyofthe

9、governmentinpowerofthebasiccultureparticularlyitsemphasisonthescopefvalueofindividualsactingindependently.(iv)Finallyreflectingallthreeoftheaboveistheframewkoftheeconomicsocialobjectivesinstitutionsfavouredbythegovernmen

10、toftheday.Confusionscanarisewhenentrepreneurshipseemstopertainexclusivelytooneparticularpartysystem.FexampleintheUKatthemomentpoliticalideologyhassoelevatedtheroleoftheentrepreneurthathesheisseenbymanyastheveryembodiment

11、ofcapitalism.Hereentrepreneurshiphascometomeanthepracticeofthecapitalistethic.ButKarlMarxhimselfadvocatedselfemploymentas“anecessaryconditionfthedevelopmentofsocialproductionofthefreeindividualityofthewkerhimself“(DasKap

12、ital).Supptfindividualenterpriseindeedfentrepreneurshipdevelopmentisnottherefetheprerogativeofanyonepoliticalparty.3TypesofMarketAreentrepreneurialabilitiesaffecteddevelopedbyexposuretocertainmarketsItcanbearguedthatthem

13、inimumenterprisethresholdsrequiredtoenterintosurviveinbusinesswillvaryinnatureextentaccdingtothetypeofbusiness.Inparticulartheywilldependonthesimplicitycomplexityoftheproductionmarketingenvironmentinwhichthefirmoperatest

14、hedegreeofcertaintyuncertaintyitfacesinthatenvironment.Figure5suggestssomeofthefactslikelytobeinfluentialindeterminingthenumbernatureoftheentrepreneurialattributesneededtosurvive.OperatingabusinessinBoxAwillcalluponalimi