w13-notes英語論文

1、Notes & Bibliography,,,In writing your thesis, you are encouraged to quote, paraphrase, translate and summarize other people’s words and ideas.,,使用直接引文時(shí)須注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 論文使用直接引文不宜過多，最好不要超過總體的30%，以避免“剽竊”之嫌。2 一段引文如果達(dá)到或超

2、過四行，就叫大段摘引。這時(shí)候，引文必須獨(dú)力成段，無需引號(hào)，且前后縮進(jìn)。3 在不損害引文內(nèi)涵的情況下，作者可以根據(jù)需要，對(duì)引文進(jìn)行刪減（即刪去那些次要的、與論文無關(guān)的東西），但不得任意刪減，更不能斷章取義、歪曲原意。,There are mainly three ways of referring to other people’s work when writing a research paper.1). Direct or i

3、ndirect quotations;2). Paraphrasing other people’s words3). Summarizing longer passages of texts we are interested in.,Direct or Indirect Quotations,Examples One:One of the criticisms of using parallel corpora, mentio

4、ned by Mauranen (1998) has been that “…”.Example Two:As Li (1999) points out, “…”.,Paraphrasing,Paraphrasing is rewriting materials from other sources in your own words.You should not change the meaning contained in

5、 the original passage nor shorten it when paraphrasing.,Summarizing,Summarizing is another method of shortening long passages for inclusion in your research paper.In the summary only the main points should be included.

6、,,For generations, Americans have researched their pasts to discover who their ancestors were. In recent years, many more people have developed an avid interest in their genealogy and the cultural heritage of their ances

7、tors. This interest was sparked for two reasons. First, American celebrated the bicentennial of the United States in 1976 and paid tribute to the country’s history. Second, and more recently, the book Roots, which traces

8、 the family history of an American black man named Alex Haley back to Africa, was serialized on national television. As a result of these two events, a new pastime for thousands of Americans was created.,,Recently, many

9、Americans have become interested in researching their backgrounds in order to identify their ancestors and learn about their cultural heritage. This interest in genealogy began with the U.S. Bicentennial celebration and

10、intensified with the televising of the family history of Alex Haley, a black American.,Notes,Notes are used for…References for the quotations;Explanations or other information that would help readers understand the p

11、aper but not appropriate to put in the text.,Notes,References in the running text(文內(nèi)引用)References at the end of the paper(尾注),Notes in the running text,1. Author named in the textGould (1989) attributes Darwin’s succe

12、ss to…2. Author not named in the text As metaphors for the workings of nature,…(Gould, 1989：page number),,3. Work by two authorsSimilar to above examples but include all surnames, (Alcock & Thornhill, 1983)4. W

13、orks by more than two authors…(Millar at al., 1995),,在正文中引述表格應(yīng)稱為“Table 1”、“Table 2”等，應(yīng)避免用“this table”、“the following table” 等說法。 Example 3On the other hand, the researcher’s procedures and results are open to public

14、examination by fellow professionals. (See Table 1),Notes at the end of the paper,The same as in “Bibliography”.Same order as the quotations in the paper.,Bibliography,To be put at the end of the paper after the notes.

15、These may include books, periodicals, works of literature, reference works, public documents, electronic sources, etc.Alphabetic order.,,For periodicals:作者姓名.出版年.論文題目.刊物名稱.卷號(hào)（期號(hào)）:起止頁碼 如期刊無卷號(hào)，則為“（期號(hào)）:起止頁碼”吳業(yè)苗.200

16、8.農(nóng)村本位改革的遞度演進(jìn)與制度建設(shè).華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)珠江學(xué)院（社會(huì)科學(xué)版），7(3):1-8Muller, F. Quality Down Under. In Gambier, Y. & Gottlieb, H. eds. (Multi) Media Translation: Concepts, Practices and Research. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2001: 143-150.,

17、,For books:作者姓名.出版年.專著書名.出版地：出版社名.起止頁碼。范國平，陳曉鵬. 2002. Access 2002 數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)開發(fā)實(shí)列導(dǎo)航. 北京：人民郵電出版社，139-163Nord, C. Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Languag

18、e Education Press, 2001.,Appendix,An appendix in a research paper is something that has been attached to the end of the paper.,,An appendix can be…A test that was given to subjectsWritten or scripted spoken materials