鵝肥肝產(chǎn)業(yè)動(dòng)物福利

1、周尊國(guó)世界農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物福利協(xié)會(huì) 中國(guó)代表China RepresentativeCompassion in World Farming,農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物福利和鵝肥肝Farm Animal Welfare and Foie Gras Production,2012年3月1日,,,世界農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物福利協(xié)會(huì)COMPASSION IN WORLD FARMING,由英國(guó)農(nóng)民 Peter Roberts于1967年創(chuàng)建。is the le

2、ading farm animal welfare charity, founded in 1967 by Peter Roberts, a British farmer who became horrified by the development of modern, intensive factory farming. Compassion in World Farming has grown into an organiza

3、tion with offices and representatives in many countries, including China.,動(dòng)物福利的定義,1- Brambell report (1965): "Welfare is a wide term that embraces both the physiological and mental well-being of the animal. Any atte

4、mpt to evaluate welfare, therefore, must take into account the scientific evidence available concerning the feelings of animals that can be derived from their structure and function and also from their behaviour”.2- Lor

5、z (1973): "Living in harmony with the environment and with itself, both physically and psychologically ".生理和心理上都能夠與其所處環(huán)境及自身保持和諧。 3- Wiepkema (1982): " The inadequacy of the programmes performed to contro

6、l relevant aspects of the Umwelt, or the permanent failure of any behaviour, must cause severe feelings of distress. In this period the animal really suffers and its well-being is at stake ".,動(dòng)物福利的定義,4- Broom (1986,

7、 1996): " The welfare of an individual is its state as regards its attempts to cope with its environment ". "The origin of the concept is how well the individual is faring or travelling through life. The s

8、tate can be good or poor but, in either case, there will often be feelings associated with the state, which we should try to measure, as well as using more direct measures."5- " Welfare is solely dependent on

9、what animals feel ", 福利完全取決于動(dòng)物感覺(jué)如何 (Duncan and Petherick, 1989). 6- " Welfare is mainly dependent on what animals feel " 福利主要取決于動(dòng)物感覺(jué)如何 (Dawkins, 1990).,農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物福利和健康的定義Defi

10、ning farm animal health & welfare,身體勻稱 感覺(jué)良好 ‘Fit and feeling good’ 可持續(xù)的身體和精神健康 Sustained physical and mental health沒(méi)有疾病 Absence of disease 沒(méi)有痛苦（如疼痛、恐懼或者衰竭） Absence of suffering (eg pain,

11、fear or exhaustion) 能夠表達(dá)自然的行為 Ability to carry out normal behaviour 舒適、友伴、安全 Comfort, companionship, security,*Prof J Webster,,,動(dòng)物的感知力 What is animal sentience?,Being able to: Feel pain and suffer Le

12、arn from experience Make choices Have feelings of joy, fear or misery Enjoy the company of others,能夠: 感覺(jué)到疼痛和折磨 習(xí)得經(jīng)驗(yàn) 做出選擇 有快樂(lè)、恐懼或痛苦等感覺(jué)喜歡同伴的陪伴,,,情感安全 Emotional security,圖片來(lái)源: Compassion in World Farming/Xiao Shiba

13、i肖詩(shī)白,,,進(jìn)行交流 Communication with others,,,物種間交流 Inter-species communication,© Compassion in World Farming/Wong Chi Keung,動(dòng)物是有感知力的生命，發(fā)生在它們身上的一切，對(duì)它們很重要Animals are sentient beings,and what happens to them, matters to t

14、hem.,最新研究結(jié)果：母雞對(duì)小雞具有同理心（受對(duì)方的情感狀態(tài)影響或感同身受的能力）Mother hens feel empathy for their chicks,聰明的烏鴉無(wú)需“深思熟慮”,發(fā)現(xiàn)嘴無(wú)法夠到管內(nèi)的小桶時(shí)，烏鴉將注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到鐵絲上。,直的鐵絲無(wú)法將小桶取出,烏鴉利用瓶口將鐵絲頂端彎成鉤狀,順利勾出裝有蟲(chóng)子的小桶,鵝肝生產(chǎn),每年，八千二百萬(wàn)只鴨和七十萬(wàn)只鵝被用于肥肝生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)肥鵝肝的定義，強(qiáng)飼法是必須的。( 見(jiàn)

15、 農(nóng)事法典 L.654-27-1 ),強(qiáng)飼法,強(qiáng)飼法是通過(guò)一根強(qiáng)行插入喉嚨的管子把大量高能量，(成分)不平衡的食物灌進(jìn)動(dòng)物的胃里。手工操作需要45秒到60秒。用水泵或氣泵這些普便使用的工業(yè)強(qiáng)飼法只需要2到3秒。管子長(zhǎng)度：20-30厘米 10-14周開(kāi)始鴨：12-15天 每天兩次鵝：13-14天 每天三次,強(qiáng)飼法,肝臟的功能被打亂，動(dòng)物難以調(diào)節(jié)自身的體溫，患上一種叫做“肝脂沉積癥”的疾病。另

16、外，幾乎是正常肝臟的10倍的畸形肥大的肝臟造成呼吸困難，行動(dòng)不便。,鵝肝生產(chǎn)福利問(wèn)題,強(qiáng)飼插管操作過(guò)程造成痛苦、傷害（淤青、出血、穿孔、感染）過(guò)量強(qiáng)飼造成鵝的肝脂沉積癥（脂肪肝），肝破裂，肝硬化等3. 鵝時(shí)?；加懈涡阅X病，因其肝的排毒功能被破壞，毒素侵入大腦使其猝死。,鵝肝生產(chǎn)福利問(wèn)題,4. 其他高發(fā)疾病如：佝僂病，骨折，毒血癥，缺氧血癥，內(nèi)部肌肉出血，腸炎，吸入性肺炎，神經(jīng)損傷，低血糖昏迷，細(xì)菌感染，體溫調(diào)節(jié)紊亂和呼吸疾病等5

17、. 強(qiáng)烈恐懼：見(jiàn)到飼料時(shí)，強(qiáng)飼填肥的鵝會(huì)掙扎后退，而自然進(jìn)食的鵝會(huì)搶食,鵝肝生產(chǎn)福利問(wèn)題,6. 為了保證整塊鵝肝的肥膩和細(xì)嫩，農(nóng)場(chǎng)主都會(huì)減少食物中的鈣含量，發(fā)育期間沒(méi)有足夠的鈣，鵝就會(huì)患上軟骨病。7.食物誤入氣管造成窒息8.強(qiáng)飼期間，翅膀骨折率54%,鵝肝生產(chǎn)福利問(wèn)題,9. 過(guò)大的肝臟壓迫腿部，使被強(qiáng)飼的鵝站立困難，行走能力嚴(yán)重受損。另外，腿部的腫脹和腳底綴滿的潰爛老繭也使鵝盡量避免走動(dòng)帶來(lái)痛苦。10.受歐盟委托的獸醫(yī)科學(xué)委員會(huì)在