a study of chinese strategies for energy-efficient housing developments from an architect’s perspective， combined with swedish experiences and game theory

1、This article was downloaded by: [The University Of Melbourne Libraries] On: 03 February 2015, At: 19:16 Publisher: Taylor bArchitectural School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; cBuilt Environm

2、ent Analysis, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden(Received 21 October 2006)The energy issue is always an important factor in sustainable housing developments. Over the years, a number of energy-saving

3、techniques have been developed to reduce consumption of primary energy and utilise renewable energy in architectural designs. However, the real situation regarding energy-efficient buildings has improved rather slowly du

4、ring the recent decades, both in the developing and developed countries. Hammarby Sjöstad is one of the largest urban housing developments in Europe but is built to standards twice as strict as those currently being

5、 applied for new housing, including energy consumption. Eco-villages are small-scale housing developments, usually in the suburbs, where residents also try to create highly specific ecological environments. There are two

6、 basic paradigms to solve the current hous- ing problem: top-down (provider paradigm) or bottom-up (support paradigm). This paper analyses the differences between these, especially from an energy efficiency perspective.

7、Housing development is a gaming process between diverse stakeholders. All the stakeholders try to choose different actions in an attempt to maximise their returns. If the proposals made by the architects and engineers ar

8、e not consistent with the interests of other stakeholders, they have little chance of being applied in actual projects. This paper describes systematic development strategies for the energy-efficient housing project Jun

9、Lin Zijin, a Chinese residential and commercial project furthering the progress of design and construction.Keywords: Swedish housing; China; Hammarby Sjöstad; eco-village; energy efficiency; game theory; public part

10、icipant1. IntroductionThe energy issue is always an important factor in sustainable housing developments. More than 30% of primary energy is consumed by civil buildings (Anink et al. 1996), including houses, offices, sch

11、ools, hospitals, etc. This consumption is comparable with the energy used in the transport sector, which consumes another one-third of primary energy. Reducing energy use in buildings can decrease energy consumption and

12、CO2 emissions. Following uncertainties in energy supply and concern over the risk of global warming, many countries have established target values*Corresponding author. Email: zhenghong@kth.seISSN 1028-6608 print/ISSN 10