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1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯翻譯翻譯Ruralemploymentlife:ChallengestogenderrolesInVietnamsagricultureatpresentHoangBaThinhResearchCentrefGenderFamilyEnvironmentinDevelopmentVietNamThispaperrepresentswkinprogressiscirculatedfdiscussioncomme

2、nt.ViewsopinionsexpressedherearethoseoftheauthsdonotrepresentofficialpositionsendsementoftheFoodAgricultureganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)theInternationalFundfAgriculturalDevelopment(IFAD)theInternationalLabourOffice(I

3、LO).AbstractTheprocessofagriculturalruralurbanizationindustrializationhascreateddrasticchangesinthelivesofVietnamesefarmersatpresent.Besidespositivefactsthereexitsomenegativeimpactsmadebytheprocessofurbanizationindustria

4、lizationespeciallytheconversionofagriculturalfertilitylfnewindustrialzonegolfground(Thereare500000hectaresofcultivatedllostfrom2001to2007120000hectareslostin2007inparticular)etc.makingthoussofhouseholdsllesssotheyhavetos

5、eekvariouswaystoearntheirlivingincreasingthenumberofwomengoingabroadflabexptgettingmarriedtofeigners.Thisleadstothetrendof“feminizedagricultureagingrural”“womenhouseholdheads”othersocialissueslike:transfmationoffamilystr

6、ucturesizeincreaseinnumberofdivcesetc.leadingtotheincreaseinsexwkerswomengirlchildtrafficking.ThesearechallengestofarmersingeneralVietnameseruralwomeninparticular.Thisarticlementionsthemainpointsrelatingtoemploymentlives

7、ofruralwomeninthecontextofruralurbanizationindustrializationinthelastdecade.Especiallythearticleemphasizessolutionsofjobtrainingvocationaltrainingtoimprovetechnicalskillsfruralwomen.Methodology:thearticleusesdatafromthef

8、ollowingsources:Resultsofsurveyonpopulationchangelabfcefamilyplanning20062007DataofsociologicalsurveycarriedoutinprovincesofHaiDuong(2007)Additionallythearticlealsousesthemethodofcomparativeanalysisliteraturereview(artic

9、lesinmagazinesresearchreptsrelatingtothetopic).Parkcovering64haunderDecision5392003QeUBdatedFeb.272003bytheHaiDuongProvincialPeople’sCommittee.WehaveusedthemethodofromsamplingfinterviewsofrepresentativesofhouseholdsinAiQ

10、uoccommunewhoseagriculturallhasbeentakenoverftheconstructionofNamSachIndustrialPark.2.Vietnam’sagriculturaleconomygenderroleinagriculturalproductionDuringthelastdecadeinVietnamalthoughthepopulationgrowthreducedtheraterem

11、ainedhighat1.21%in200673%ofthetotalpopulationof83millionpeoplelivedinruralareas(UNFPA2008).ByJuly1st2006thenumberofruralhouseholdsinVietnamwas9.74millionadecreaseof950000households(8.9%)comparedwith2001.Undertheimpactsof

12、industrializationruraleconomicstructureischanging.TheroleofagriculturereducesintermsofvaluewhenVietnam’seconomicdevelopmentisadvancingtowarddiversifyingoccupationstructure.Howeveragriculturestillplaysaveryimptantroleinth

13、elivelihoodofmostofthepopulation:fourfifthsofthepopulationlivesinruralareasagricultureprovidesjobstotwothirdsofthelabourfcealthoughagriculturallabourfcetendstoreduce(WB2006a).AlthoughagriculturalproptionintheGDPconstantl

14、yreducesfrom27%in1995to21%in2005agriculturestillplaysanimptantroleinVietnam’seconomybecauseupto54millionpeopledependonagriculturedoublingthenonagriculturalpopulationwhichisincreasingto28million.Inaddition80%ofthe12millio

15、nruralhouseholdsaredirectlyindirectlydependentonagriculture(WB2006b).Atthesametimeagriculturaloutputofmethan20milliontonnesofricepaddyperyearhasmadeVietnamthesecondlargestriceexpterinthewld.Vietnamhasundergoneadecadeofst

16、rongeconomicdevelopmenteconomicrestructuringyetagricultureremainsthemainoccupationinruralareas.Butonlyonefourthofruralhouseholdsonlydofarmingtherestcombinefarmingwageearningnonagriculturalbusiness.Abouthalfofruralhouseho

17、lds(about13ofruralpopulation)arewageearnersbutonly4%arefulltimewageearnerswhile34%areengagedinnonagriculturalbusinesses(18%ruralpopulationonly3%doesfulltimenonagriculturalbusiness).Thuswhilemanyruralhouseholdsarediversif

18、yingtheireconomicactivitiesincomesourcestheystillkeeptheirfarmlasastableincomesourceonly7%ruralhouseholdshavetotallyleftagriculture(WB2006a).Ruralwomenplayagreatrolenotonlyinagriculturalproductionbutalsoinmankind’slife.I

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