政治學(xué)

1、政治學(xué),潘兆民　東海大學(xué)　通識教育中心暨大陸研究學(xué)程　副教授,第四章 政治文化,一、定義： L. W. Pye describes it as "the sum of the fundamental values, sentiments and knowledge that give form and substance to political process". 政治 　信仰 　形成 組合

2、 　　政治過程文化　　制度　　　　體　 政治系統(tǒng) 　　　情操　　　　　　　　　　　　　 信仰 政治社會一般人 價值 系統(tǒng) 表達 符號,,,,,,,,Politi

3、cal culture can be defined as “The orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics, and their perceptions of political legitimacy and the traditions of political practice.　"And the feelings expressed by indi

4、viduals in the position of the elected offices that allow for the nurture of a political society.,,It is a distinctive and patterned form of political philosophy that consists of beliefs on how governmental, political, a

5、nd economic life should be carried out. Political cultures create a framework for political change and are unique to nations, states, and other groups.,,A political culture differs from political ideology in that people

6、can disagree on an ideology (what government should do) but still share a common political culture. Some ideologies, however, are so critical of the status quo that they require a fundamental change in the way gov

7、ernment is operated, and therefore embody a different political culture as well.,二、要素(元素、特質(zhì)),經(jīng)驗信念 價值偏好 情感反應(yīng),三．政治文化如何形成,１．政治社會化２．個人的生活經(jīng)驗３．歷史經(jīng)驗４．政府作為,四、內(nèi)容(1) A. Ranney,愛國心 → 國家認(rèn)同感　制度信任他人信任　政治效能感公民義務(wù)感,,政黨輪替之後，

8、政務(wù)官與事務(wù)官間的信任「新政府用舊官僚，像請鬼拿藥單?！?- 民進黨前秘書長吳乃仁(2000.9.27) 「不聽取專家的專案堅持會失去民心，而說出『舊官僚』這種話的人，是最沒有政治智慧的人。」- 經(jīng)建會副主委李高朝(2000.10.21),,五．政治文化的類型：,(1) 對政治系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)知分類：Almond & Verba ※「0」→ 公民取向弱或?qū)δ繕?biāo)漠不關(guān)心 「1」→ 對政治目標(biāo)

9、→ 強烈取向,,Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba outlined three pure types of political culture:Parochial - Where citizens are only remotely aware of the presence of central government, and live their lives near enough regardles

10、s of the decisions taken by the state. Subject - Where citizens are aware of central government, and are heavily subjected its decisions with little scope for dissent. Participant - Citizens are able to influence the g

11、overnment in various ways and they are affected by it. These three 'pure' types of political culture can combine to create the 'civic culture', which mixes the best elements of each.[,,參與型政治文化（participan