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1、1,漿細(xì)胞病(Plasma cell dyscrasias)多發(fā)性骨髓瘤(Multiple Myeloma),醫(yī)科院腫瘤醫(yī)院 內(nèi)科,2,What Is Multiple Myeloma?,Cancer of plasma cells.Healthy plasma cells produce antibodies or immunoglobulins.Part of our humoral immunity, they are re
2、leased in response to foreign body invasion. Myeloma cells produce abnormal immunoglobulin.Overproduce monoclonal protein or paraprotein.Ineffective immunoglobulins.Leads to decreased bone marrow function. Destruc
3、tion of bone tissue.,3,漿細(xì)胞?。≒lasma cell dyscrasias),定義:漿細(xì)胞或產(chǎn)生免疫球蛋白的B淋巴細(xì)胞過度增殖所引起的一組疾病。本疾病可分為兩型骨髓瘤(孤立性、多發(fā)性、髓外漿細(xì)胞病、漿細(xì)胞白血?。?;原發(fā)性巨球蛋白血癥;重鏈??;原發(fā)淀粉樣變性。,4,隱性漿細(xì)胞病良性單克隆免疫球蛋白血癥;繼發(fā)性單克隆免疫球蛋白血癥。病因:尚未完全明了可能與遺傳有關(guān),有染色體異常病毒感染繼發(fā)
4、于其他疾?。怨撬柩?、結(jié)核、慢性肝炎),5,M蛋白免疫球蛋白兩條相似的重鏈和兩條輕鏈組成,重鏈γαμδε,輕鏈κλ。免疫球蛋白IgG IgA IgM IgD IgE,6,血清中M蛋白的特點和測定可能完整的單克隆免疫球蛋白或為一條重鏈和一條輕鏈的免疫球蛋白采用血清蛋白電泳定量測量法(M蛋白至少>2g/L或0.2g/dL,才出現(xiàn)單峰)確定免疫球蛋白的類型(定性),7,尿中M蛋白特點和測定通常是一條游離的輕鏈在某
5、些重鏈疾病中,由某些特定區(qū)域的游離重鏈片段組成免疫球蛋白電泳:定量測定24小時的輕鏈蛋白( κλ ),8,本周氏蛋白多條輕鏈。分子量小,通過腎小球,從尿排出。加溫45-60℃凝固→沸點重新溶解→冷至60 ℃以下出現(xiàn)沉淀 又稱凝溶蛋白初期時間間歇出現(xiàn),本周氏蛋白陰性不能排除本病。,9,多發(fā)性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma),定義:漿細(xì)胞異常增生的惡性腫瘤,異常漿細(xì)胞(骨髓瘤細(xì)胞)浸潤骨骼和軟組織,產(chǎn)生M蛋白,引起骨骼
6、破壞,出現(xiàn)貧血、腎功能損害和免疫功能異常。發(fā)病率:4/100,000,多發(fā)性骨髓瘤占惡性腫瘤的1%,血液惡性疾病的10%,通常無法治愈,接受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療病人中位生存時間為4年。發(fā)病高峰年齡:60-70歲,男女比2:1,10,Multiple Myeloma: Epidemiology,Second most common hematological malignancy.Incidence and rates:1% of all c
7、ancersUS incidence: 19,900 new cases per yearUS prevalence: 100,000 patientsDeaths: estimated 10,790 per yearMore than 80% of affected patients >age 60.Affects slightly more men than women (1.6:1).,Merck Manual P
8、rofessional. 2005; George ED, et al. Am Fam Phys. 1999;59(7):1401-1405.,11,Clinical Manifestations of Multiple Myeloma,Overproliferation of plasma cells can cause:Risk of infectionOsteolytic bone lesionsHypercalcemia
9、Bone marrow suppression (pancytopenia)Renal complication riskProduction of monoclonal M proteins causes:Decreased levels of normal immunoglobulinsHyperviscosity,http://myeloma.org/pdfs/ph07-eng_f2.pdf,12,溶骨性損害病理性骨折
10、高鈣血癥,貧血,骨髓浸潤,骨破壞,單克隆免疫球蛋白,尿:腎功能衰竭血:高粘滯性 冷凝球蛋白 神經(jīng)病變組織:淀粉樣變性,正常免疫球蛋白減少,感染,多發(fā)性骨髓瘤,,,,,,,,,病史和體檢血細(xì)胞計數(shù),分類及血小板尿素氮/肌酐,電解質(zhì),血鈣/白蛋白血免疫球蛋白定量血清蛋白電泳及免疫沉淀24小時尿蛋白電泳及免疫沉淀,骨骼掃描骨髓穿刺+活檢ß2-微球蛋白C反應(yīng)蛋白LDH細(xì)胞遺傳學(xué)檢查
11、±FISH,通常有用的檢查(對一些患者的預(yù)后判斷有幫助)漿細(xì)胞標(biāo)記指數(shù)PCLI —反映漿細(xì)胞惡性克隆增生能力骨髓流式細(xì)胞儀檢測 —表達(dá)漿細(xì)胞抗原(PCA-1),CD20、CD40、CD28、CD31、CD54、CD44,13,Major Symptoms at Diagnosis,骨痛(Bone pain) - 58%乏力(Fatigue) - 32%體重減輕(Weight loss) - 24
12、%感覺異常(Paresthesias) - 5%無癥狀(Asymptomatic) - 11%,Kyle RA. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:21,14,浸潤性表現(xiàn)1.骨痛 早期和主要癥狀,發(fā)生率75%,腰骶痛(70%),胸痛(20%),肢體其他部位(10%)。2.骨骼變形和病理性骨折 骨骼變形:主要在胸骨和脊椎,胸骨柄及胸部凹陷,胸肋鎖骨連接外呈串珠樣結(jié)節(jié)。 病理性骨折:多發(fā)生在肋骨,多在
13、第五肋以下可引起胸腔積液及胸部疼痛。,15,3.造血器官的損害:貧血,多為中度。4、髓外浸潤:脾、肝、淋巴結(jié),腎常見。神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)病變以胸腰椎脊髓壓迫癥狀為主(10.5%),16,1.易感染性:與異常M蛋白大量產(chǎn)生,正常免疫球蛋白減少或γ-球蛋白分解增加有關(guān)。細(xì)菌感染尤以革蘭氏陰性桿菌感染為主(72%)病毒感染有所增加感染常是本病致死的主要原因。,大量M蛋白的及其多肽鏈引起的臨床表現(xiàn),17,2.高粘滯血癥IgA分子易形成
14、多聚體,IgA型更易發(fā)生此癥。3.出血傾向M蛋白被血小板吸附,導(dǎo)致血小板聚集和血小板第3因子釋放失常有關(guān)。4.腎功能損害40-60%蛋白尿慢性腎功能衰竭(尿中本周氏蛋白陽性發(fā)生率是無本周氏蛋白的2倍),18,5.淀粉樣變10-20%,IgD型常見,有淀粉樣變者生存<1年,多死于心臟病。舌、心、胃腸道、骨骼、平滑肌、神經(jīng)、皮膚是發(fā)生淀粉樣變常見部位,19,1.主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①組織活檢為漿細(xì)胞瘤;②骨髓漿細(xì)胞增多,>30%
15、③ M蛋白IgG >3.5/dL或IgA >2.0/dL,輕鏈每日排出>1g2.次要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)①骨髓漿細(xì)胞增多,10-30%;②M蛋白IgG<3.5 /dL或IgA < 2.0/dL;③ 溶骨性改變;④正常免疫球蛋白降低,IgM <50mg/dL, IgA < 100mg/dL, IgG < 600mg/dL。,SWOG有關(guān)多發(fā)性骨髓瘤的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),20,對于一個有癥狀的病人,凡符合以下條件者可以診斷⑴主要診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)①或② +次要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
16、①、②或③;⑵主要診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)③;⑶次要診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)①+②+③或①+②+④,21,國內(nèi) 診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),*注釋: 診斷IgM型,除符合1、2項外,須具備MM臨床表現(xiàn)和多部位溶骨病變。只有1、3項屬不分泌MM;對僅有1、2項者 ,尤其無原、幼漿者,除外意義未明的單克隆丙種球蛋白血癥和反應(yīng)性漿細(xì)胞增多癥,,,,22,Criteria for Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma,Monoclonal plasma cells p
17、resent in the bone marrow ≥10%, and/or presence of a documented plasmacytoma.+Presence of M component in serum and/or urine.* +One or more of the following (CRAB criteria):Calcium elevation (
18、serum calcium >11.5 mg/dL)Renal insufficiency (serum creatinine >2 mg/dL)Anemia (hemoglobin <10 g/dL or 2 g/dL <normal)Bone disease (lytic lesions or osteopenia),Durie et al for the International Myeloma W
19、orking Group. Leukemia. 2006:1-7.,*Monoclonal M spike on electrophoresis IgG >3.5 g/dL, IgA >2 g/dL, light chain >1 g/dL in 24-hour urine sample.,23,Diagnostic Evaluation of Multiple Myeloma,Alb = albumin; CBC =
20、 complete blood count; Creat = creatinine; Hgb = hemoglobin; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; WBC = white blood cell.,Abella. Oncology News International. 2007;16:27; Barlogie et al. In: Williams Hematology. 7th ed. 200
21、6:1501; Durie et al. Hematol J. 2003;4:379; MMRF. Multiple Myeloma: Disease Overview. 2006. www.multiplemyeloma.org; Rajkumar et al. Blood. 2005;106(3):812.,24,Durie-Salmon Staging System for Multiple Myeloma,Durie and S
22、almon, Cancer 1975;36(9):842-854,Subclassification criteria: A Normal renal function (serum creatinine level <2.0 mg/dL) B Abnormal renal function (serum creatinine level ?2.0 mg/dL),25,臨
23、床分期,26,,?2M=serum ?2 microglobulin in mg/dL; ALB=serum albumin in g/dL,International Staging System for Symptomatic Multiple Myeloma,Greipp PR, et al. Blood 2005; 102: 190a,27,多發(fā)性骨髓瘤預(yù)后因素,新的多發(fā)性骨髓瘤國際分期系統(tǒng) (ISS) 使用了兩項實驗室參數(shù)
24、: β2-微球蛋白 (β2M) 水平 和 血清白蛋白水平. I 期 : β2M水平 < 3.5 mg/L 且 白蛋白水平 ≥ 3.5 g/dL (中位生存 62 月) ; II 期 :(介于 I 期和 III期) (中位生存 44 月) ;III 期: β2M ≥ 5.5 mg/L (中位生存 29 月).,,28,,Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation. Available at: ww
25、w.multiplemyeloma.org,MM的分類,,29,,MM的分類,Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation. Available at: www.multiplemyeloma.org,,30,⑴IgG型骨髓病 50-60%,血清M蛋白可很高,常因正常免疫球蛋白明顯減少→感染腫瘤生長緩慢,腫瘤細(xì)胞倍增時間10.1月。⑵IgA型占25%,高鈣血癥明顯,合并感染較少。出現(xiàn)淀粉樣變,出
26、凝血異常發(fā)生率較高,易出現(xiàn)高粘滯血癥。腫瘤細(xì)胞倍增時間6.3月,預(yù)后較差。,臨床分型,31,⑶ IgD型僅占1.5%,60%病人<60歲,骨外播散,高鈣血癥、淀粉樣變、嚴(yán)重貧血、氮質(zhì)血癥多見血漿總蛋白通常不高本周蛋白尿幾乎每例都有,90%為λ型骨髓瘤細(xì)胞分化較差,形態(tài)較惡,較易并發(fā)漿細(xì)胞白血?。òl(fā)生率5%),生存期較短,平均僅9個月。,32,⑷輕鏈骨髓瘤占20%,生長較快,瘤細(xì)胞倍增時間為3.4個月80-100%有本周氏蛋
27、白60%有溶骨性損害和高鈣血癥;更易合并腎功能衰竭和淀粉樣變,預(yù)后很差。⑸IgE型骨髓瘤很罕見,起特點有明顯貧血,血沉快,易并發(fā)漿細(xì)胞性白血病。,33,⑹非分泌性骨髓瘤<1%,血中無M蛋白尿中無本周氏M蛋白;腎功能衰竭較少見,其他臨床表現(xiàn)與分泌型相同。⑺冒煙性骨髓瘤(Smoldering myeloma)1.5-2%。診斷上符合骨髓瘤標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但無貧血,溶骨性損害及腎功能衰竭,病程趨向良性,病情發(fā)展緩慢。,34,⑻孤立性骨髓瘤(
28、Solitary myeloma)發(fā)病年齡較輕,溶骨僅發(fā)生在一處骨髓中漿細(xì)胞不增加,無貧血、高血鈣及氮質(zhì)血癥,半數(shù)病人出現(xiàn)M蛋白,但I(xiàn)gG或IgA<1.6g/dL,尿本周蛋白<500mg/dL。⑼兩種以上M蛋白的骨髓瘤,相對良性⑽半分子IgA多發(fā)性骨髓瘤 -極為罕見 -臨床癥狀與典型骨髓瘤相似 -尿本周氏蛋白陽性 -病情進(jìn)展迅速,預(yù)后較差。,35,Bichel 等人報告,2%發(fā)生漿細(xì)胞
29、白血病。IgD型和IgE型相對較易發(fā)生。診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)①外周血漿細(xì)胞>2 ×109/L(2000/mm2 )②漿細(xì)胞符合惡性細(xì)胞學(xué)診斷,肝脾腫大以及白細(xì)胞>15 ×109/L(15000/mm3 ),漿細(xì)胞白血病,36,Challenges in MM Management,Currently incurable in most patients.Long-term complete responses are
30、rare. Median survival with standard therapy is about 3 years.Autologous stem cell transplant may prolong progression free survival, but it’s not curative.Treatment of relapse:No standard therapy. Existing options
31、 inadequate. New treatment options needed.,NCCN Practice Guidelines; Rajkumar et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002;77:813-822.,37,NCCN Review Categories,NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, v2 2009,NCCN Categor
32、ies of Evidence and Consensus:1 High-level evidence, uniform consensus2A Lower-level evidence, uniform consensus2B Lower-level evidence, non-uniform consensus,Generic NameTrade NameBortezomibVelcadeLenalidomide
33、RevlimidThalidomideThalomid,38,多發(fā)性骨髓瘤治療的演進(jìn),馬法蘭+強(qiáng)的松(MP方案) (Alexanian et al JAMA 1969; 208:1680-5)VAD方案 (Alexanian R, Barlogie B, et al Am J Hematol 1990, 33;86-89)間斷大劑量DXM方案 (Alexanian et al Blood 1992, 80 (4): 887-
34、890) 大劑量化療聯(lián)合干細(xì)胞移植 (McElwain et al, Lancet. 1983;2:822; to mutiple studies till 1999)反應(yīng)停 (Singhal et al N Engl J Med 1999, 341: 1565-1571)反應(yīng)停+DXM (Weber et al JCO 2003, 21(1):16-19)Bortezomib (PS341, Velcade,蛋白酶體抑制劑
35、) (Richardson et al N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2609-2617)CC-5013 (Revlimid, Lenalidomide,反應(yīng)停類似物),,,39,*已經(jīng)提請F(tuán)DA批準(zhǔn),MM的治療,單藥治療烷化劑 (馬法蘭, 環(huán)磷酰胺)類固醇激素 (地塞米松, 強(qiáng)的松) 反應(yīng)停*Bortezomib(蛋白酶體抑制劑),聯(lián)合化療MPVBAPVADVBMCPTDDT-PACEABC
36、M,,,40,MM是否需要治療的干預(yù)1.單克隆球蛋白白血癥<3g/dL,骨髓中漿細(xì)胞<10%無高鈣血癥、腎衰、骨損害: 無限期隨訪。但有20-25%最終發(fā)展為MM,淀粉樣變性或NHL。2.血清中單克隆蛋白≥ 3g/dL。骨髓中漿細(xì)胞≥ 10%,無貧血、骨損害、高鈣血癥、腎功能不全: SmolderingMM(SMM)數(shù)月數(shù)年觀察,許多SMM生存多年,而無病情進(jìn)展。,治療原則,41,Hjorth:延遲性
37、治療未改善病人的生存。Witzig和Kyle:SMM中位疾病進(jìn)展時間為2年。3.孤立性漿細(xì)胞病,無其他骨髓受侵或髓外受侵 受侵部位,接受RT,密切觀察。 如RT后,仍有殘留單克隆蛋白,有進(jìn)展或顯性MM的危險。,42,4.一旦診斷MM首先確定是否可進(jìn)行自體干細(xì)胞的移植。如不符合,如年齡較大、腎功能不全、體力較差。選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的MP方案化療, ORR50%。CR<10% MST3y
38、rs,5yrs24%。積極的治療方案-M2方案 VCR+BCNU+Melphalan+CTX+PDN ORR60-70%,與MP相比無生存優(yōu)勢。,43,1.冒煙或惰性骨髓瘤瘤細(xì)胞常<20%,無癥狀→觀察→如有進(jìn)展治療。2.孤立性骨髓瘤對病變局部采用根治劑量放療4000-5000cGy 復(fù)發(fā)率10-30%,30%骨骼受侵和70%髓外受侵,經(jīng)過RT治療可長期生存,44,3.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的誘導(dǎo)化療對癥狀性多發(fā)型骨髓瘤的
39、ECOG前瞻性隨機(jī)臨床試驗。比較溫和MP和較強(qiáng)烈的VBMCP方案,45,■Repeat cycle every 28 days for at least 1 year.■由于Melphalan口服吸收較差,推薦謹(jǐn)慎提高劑量,直到隨后周期中白細(xì)胞數(shù)量出現(xiàn)2000-3000/dL。,46,VBCMP方案(M2方案)VCR 1.2mg/m2iv,d1BCNU 20 mg/m2iv,d1-4Me
40、lphalan 8 mg/m2, d1-4CTX 400 mg/m2, d1PDN 40 mg/m2, d1-7 (all cycle) 20 mg/m2, d8-14 (cycle1-3 only),47,Repeat cycle of VBMCP every 35 days for at least 1 year.體力狀態(tài)較差(部分或
41、完全臥床,ECOG評分2-4分)≥70歲無法耐受VBMCP方案者,接受MP方案治療,48,4.其他誘導(dǎo)方案①VBMCP+IFN-α2IFN對20%復(fù)發(fā)病人有效。治療時間2年優(yōu)點: VBMCP+IFN-α2完全緩解率高于VBMCP,緩解時間較長,生存延長。一組meta分析,ORR分別為54.4%和45.9% 總生存延長5個月,延長無復(fù)發(fā)生存時間長達(dá)7個月。 缺點:費(fèi)用較高和IFN毒性反應(yīng)。,49,②VCR+Me
42、lphlam+CTX+PDN/VCR+BCNU+ADM+PDN (VMCP/VBAP方案交替)③解救治療VAD,,50,VAD 方案,VCR+ADM+DXM劑量 VCR: 0.4 mg/天 IV × 4 天ADM: 9 mg/m2/天 IV × 4 天DXM: 40 mg po d1–4, d9–12, d17–20 每28天重復(fù) ? 4 周期療效: ?70% 的病人可以取得腫瘤負(fù)荷減少>
43、75%的療效中位起效時間: 0.9 個月 VAD 方案可使50%的患者達(dá)部分緩解(PR), 5-10%的患者達(dá)完全緩解 (CR) (蛋白電泳及免疫固定電泳無單克隆球蛋白且骨髓漿細(xì)胞<5%) 。,Barlogie B et al. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1353International Myeloma Foundation. Basic myeloma statistics. Available at:
44、 http://www.myeloma.org/main.jsp?type=article&id=738,,51,VAD方案 優(yōu)點在于在伴有高鈣血癥或腎功能損害的病人中,可獲早期緩解。藥物不經(jīng)腎臟排泄,在腎功衰竭的病人中應(yīng)用較安全。突出優(yōu)點是對造血干細(xì)胞影響較小。,52,DVD方案,患者:33位新診斷的MM患者方案:DVD方案楷萊:40mg/m2,第1天長春新堿:2.0mg,第1天地塞米松40mg/d(口服
45、或靜脈),連用4天每4周一個周期連續(xù)應(yīng)用6個或更多周期,和/或達(dá)最佳治療反應(yīng)后再繼續(xù)應(yīng)用2個周期,Hussein MA, et al. Cancer 2002;95:2160-2168.,,53,Hussein MA, et al. Cancer 2002;95:2160-2168.,總有效率達(dá)88%,54,3年的總生存率為67%,Hussein MA, et al. Cancer 2002;95:2160-2168.,55,DVD
46、T,多中心II期臨床39例初治多發(fā)性骨髓瘤患者治療方案 楷萊? 40mg/m2 IV d1 VCR 2mg IV d1DXM 40mg d1~4,第1個化療周期d15~18Thalidomide(沙利度胺) 200mg,睡前口服每28天重復(fù)1次,共4療程,Ann Oncol. 2004 Jan; 15(1):134-138,,56,,療效總有效率74%,CR 4人(10%);PR 25人(64%)微小反應(yīng)3人(8%)
47、 ¾級毒副反應(yīng)中性粒細(xì)胞減少:15%血小板減少15%深靜脈血栓10%便秘10%,皮疹5%,外周神經(jīng)病5%,Ann Oncol. 2004 Jan; 15(1):134-138,57,N,O,N,H,O,O,O,反應(yīng)停 (Thalomid®),口服免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑谷氨酸衍生物具有抗血管生成和誘導(dǎo)凋亡的作用,,58,IL-6TNF?IL-1?,,,IGFVEGFbFGF,,漿細(xì)胞,,間質(zhì)細(xì)胞,ICAM,
48、VCAM,,,,X,X,X,,X,,X,反應(yīng)停的抑制作用,反應(yīng)停的作用機(jī)制,,X,血管,NFΚ-B, CIAP-2, FLIP,Caspace-8, TRAIL,,,,IL-2Γ-IFN,,,,PBMCCD8NK cells,,59,Thalidomide 25mg –300mg/d 中位有效劑量 200mg/d低劑量 Thalidomide的作用機(jī)制抗炎免疫調(diào)節(jié)作
49、用抑制巨噬細(xì)胞分化分泌INF-α和IL-2,60,Thalidomide,61,2,4,6,8,5,10,20,50,100,200,,,,,,,,,,治療時間(月),腫瘤負(fù)荷,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,DXM對反應(yīng)停的增效作用,HCVAD,反應(yīng)停,200,,400,600,600+Dexa,,,62,反應(yīng)停聯(lián)合DXM在初治患者的療效,病例數(shù),PR/CR %,深靜脈血栓,Mayo,50,64%,MDACC,69
50、%,130,24,ECOG*,69%,51%,103,107,18,3,TD聯(lián)合,D單藥,*Rajkumar et al, ASH 2004, Abst #205,,華法令1.0 mg抗凝n,,5,無抗凝治療n,p<.05,63,N,N,H,反應(yīng)停 (Thalomid®),口服免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑, 谷氨酸衍生物具有抗血管生成和誘導(dǎo)凋亡的作用,,Lenalidomide (CC-5013; Revlimid?),64,R
51、andomized multicenter Phase III ECOG E4A03 studyRD arm (223 patients)Lenalidomide 25 mg (days 1-21)Dexamethasone 40 mg (days 1-4,9-12,17-20)Rd arm (222 patients)Lenalidomide 25 mg (days 1-21)Dexamethasone 40 mg (da
52、ys 1,8,15,22)Primary endpoint: response rate at 4 months,Lenalidomide/Dexamethasone (RD) vs Lenalidomide/Low-Dose Dexamethasone (Rd) in Transplant-Ineligible Patients,Rajkumar et al, Blood 2007 110: Abstract 74,65,Resul
53、ts From Lenalidomide/Dexamethasone (RD) vs Lenalidomide/Low-Dose Dexamethasone (Rd),Rajkumar et al, Blood 2007 110: Abstract 74; Jacobus et al., Blood 2008 112: Abstract 1740,66,Velcade? (bortezomib): prescribing inform
54、ation, 2004,Bortezomib (PS 341; Velcade?),作用機(jī)制可逆性抑制26S蛋白酶體的糜蛋白酶樣活性通過抑制蛋白酶體阻止泛素化蛋白的裂解破壞細(xì)胞的自穩(wěn)狀態(tài),引起凋亡,,,67,硼替佐米,68,Bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade®),療效,%,n,100,193,Total,6,12,CR IF +,4,7,CR,17,33,PR,Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2
55、 IV d 1, 4, 8, 11 x 最多8周期,或達(dá)到 CR的再給2周期,,27%,Richardson, et al. NEJM 2003; 348:2609-2617,,69,Bortezomib vs 大劑量DXM治療復(fù)發(fā)的MM,*DXM治療進(jìn)展的患者給予bortezomib治療,APEX研究, III期臨床,DXM 40 mg PO*Days 1–4, 9–12, 17–205周一療程 × 4 周期(
56、n=336),Bortezomib 13 mg/m2, IVDays 1, 4, 8, 113周為一療程×8 周期(n=333),DXM 40 mg PODays 1–4 28天一周期×5 周期,Bortezomib 13 mg/m2, IVDays 1, 8, 15, 225周為一療程×3 周期,接受過1~3個療程治療的復(fù)發(fā)MM患者, 對DXM治療無抗拒的(n=569),,,誘導(dǎo)化療,維
57、持治療,,,治療280天,,,,,治療278天,Richardson P et al. Oral Presentation. 46th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology; December 4–7, 2004; San Diego, California [abstract 336.5],,70,Richardson P et al. Oral Presentat
58、ion. 46th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology; December 4–7, 2004; San Diego, California [abstract 336.5],Bortezomib vs 大劑量DXM治療復(fù)發(fā)的MM療效總結(jié),,71,VTD vs. TD in Patients Who Are Transplant Eligible,Study o
59、bjectiveVTD vs TD in preparation for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)Study designRandomized trialThree cycles of induction therapyMethodsPts. randomized to either VDT (n=199) or TD (n=200).Stem cells w
60、ere collected.Consolidation therapy with same treatment to pts. Results drawn from a final analysis of 399 patients.,Phase III Bortezomib-Thalidomide-Dexamethasone (VTD) vs Thalidomide-Dexamethasone (TD) Prior to St
61、em Cell Transplantation (SCT)),Cavo et al. Blood 2008 112: Abstract 158,72,ProphylaxisAcyclovir prophylaxis against reactivation of VZV.TEE prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin, aspirin, or warfarin; fixed low
62、-dose warfarin is effective.Conclusions:In comparison with TD, 3 21-d cycles of VTD as primary therapy significantly increased CR+nCR rates.These response rates translated into significantly higher CR+nCR after first
63、ASCT in the VTD arm.Combinations of novel induction agents, such as VTD, can have a remarkable impact on both pre- and post-ASCT clinical outcome.,Conclusions From VTD vs. TD,Cavo et al. Blood 2008 112: Abstract 158,73
64、,Bortezomib and Dexamethasone Prior to ASCT in Transplant-Eligible Patients,Phase III, active control, multicenter, open label, randomizedObjective: compare the CR rate with vincristine/adriamycin/dexamethasone (VAD) a
65、nd bortezomib/dexamethasone combinations as induction therapy.Number of severe AE was similar between the arms:,Harousseau et al, Blood 2007 110: Abstract 450.,74,Post-induction complete remission (CR) was increased by
66、VD compared to VAD.One-year PFS and OS rates were 93% and 97% with VD and 90% and 95% with VAD, respectively.,Conclusions From Bortezomib and Dexamethasone Prior to ASCT,Harousseau et al, Blood 2007 110: Abstract 450.,
67、75,VISTA Trial: VMP vs MP in Transplant-Ineligible Patients,Study objective:Define the differences in efficacy and outcome between VMP vs MPStudy design and method:VMP arm (IV Bortezomib in combination with oral pred
68、nisone and oral melphalan) vs MP arm (oral melphalan and prednisone)Primary endpoint:Time to progression (TTP) Secondary endpoints:Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR),
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