學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(社科)7單元a翻譯

1、Understingtheimpactofnewmediaonjournalism了解新媒體對(duì)新聞事業(yè)的影響1.Journalismisundergoingafundamentaltransfmationperhapsthemostfundamentalsincetheriseofthepennypressofthe19thcentury.Inthetwilightofthe20thcenturythedawnofthe21stther

2、eisemerginganewfmofjournalismwhosedistinguishingqualitiesincludeubiquitousnewsglobalinfmationaccessinstantaneousreptinginteractivitymultimediacontentextremecontentcustomization.Inmanywaysthisrepresentsapotentiallybetterf

3、mofjournalismbecauseitcanreengageanincreasinglydistrustingalienatedaudience.Atthesametimeitpresentsmanythreatstothemostcherishedvaluesstardsofjournalism.Authenticityofcontentsourceverificationaccuracytruthareallsuspectin

4、amediumwhereanyonewithacomputeramodemcanbecomeaglobalpublisher.新聞?wù)诎l(fā)生根本性的轉(zhuǎn)變，也許最根本的自19世紀(jì)中期的便士報(bào)的興起。在20世紀(jì)末21世紀(jì)初出現(xiàn)了一種新興的新聞報(bào)道形式.它的顯著特點(diǎn)包括：無(wú)處不在的新聞消息，全球信息的獲得，實(shí)時(shí)報(bào)道，互動(dòng)性，多媒體的內(nèi)容和專門(mén)的內(nèi)容定制。在許多方面，這是一個(gè)潛在的更好的形式，因?yàn)樗梢灾匦聦⒃絹?lái)越不信任和疏遠(yuǎn)觀眾接入到新聞中。同

5、時(shí)，它對(duì)新聞界最珍視的價(jià)值觀和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出了許多威脅。只要擁有電腦和調(diào)制解調(diào)器，任何人都可成為全球化的新聞發(fā)布者。這樣的傳媒，其內(nèi)容的權(quán)威性，信息來(lái)源的可鑒定性、準(zhǔn)確性以及真實(shí)性均會(huì)受到質(zhì)疑。2.AlthoughtheeasyansweristopointtotheInterthereasonsfthetransfmationofjournalismareneithersimplenonedimensional.Ratherasetofec

6、onomicregulatyculturalfcesdrivenbytechnologicalchangeareconvergingtobringaboutamassiveshiftinthenatureofjournalismatthemillennium.雖然簡(jiǎn)單的答案是指向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，新聞業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型的原因既不是簡(jiǎn)單的，也不是一維的。相反，在當(dāng)代，一組被技術(shù)變革所推動(dòng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)，監(jiān)管和文化力量，正在匯聚，導(dǎo)致大量的接入到新聞中。3.Thegro

7、wthofaglobaleconomicsystemmadeupofregionaleconomiesallinterrelated(witnessthevolatilityinthewd’sfinancialmarketsinAugust1998whensinAsianRussianmarketstriggeredsinEuropeanU.S.markets)increasinglycontrolledbymultinationalc

8、patebehemothshasrewrittenthefinancialbasisfjournalismthemediaingeneral.DeregulationasoutlinedintheU.S.所有區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)相互聯(lián)系（目睹了１９９８年世界金融市場(chǎng)的動(dòng)蕩，當(dāng)時(shí)亞洲和俄羅斯市場(chǎng)的下滑引發(fā)了歐洲和美國(guó)市場(chǎng)也有下滑），不斷由跨國(guó)企業(yè)巨頭控制，他們一起構(gòu)成的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)體系不斷發(fā)展，重寫(xiě)了新聞業(yè)和媒體的金融基礎(chǔ)。4.Telecommunica

9、tionsActof1996playedoutinlikefashioninmanyotherpartsofthewld(whereprivatizationoftelecommunicationshasbeenadrivingfce)hasspawnedincreasinglypowerfulcompetitivefcesinjournalismcommunications.TheendoftheColdWarhasunleashed

10、avarietyofpentupculturalpoliticalfcesthathaveyettostabilize.7.Thetrendtowardconvergenceisundeniablehoweverifnotyetcomplete.By2000methaneightmillionU.S.householdsaswellasmillionsmeinJapanmanyotherpartsofthewldhadsubscribe

11、dtodigitalbroadcastingservicessuchasDirecTVwhichlinksTVsetstoasystemofdigitalvideo(i.e.computerized)atelephonelinefderingpayperviewprogramsthelike.趨同的趨勢(shì)是不可否認(rèn)的，但是，如今尚未完成。在2000，超過(guò)八百萬(wàn)的美國(guó)家庭以及數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)在日本和世界其他許多地方已經(jīng)訂閱了數(shù)字廣播服務(wù)如Dire

12、cTV，連接電視機(jī)到數(shù)字視頻系統(tǒng)（如計(jì)算機(jī)）和按次付費(fèi)付費(fèi)節(jié)目。Meovermethan20millionindividualssubscribetoAmericaOnline(AOL)methanseventimesthatnumberareconnectedtotheInterthroughhomewkschoolreflectingagrowingconnectivitybetweencomputertelecommunicati

13、ons.此外，超過(guò)2000萬(wàn)人訂閱美國(guó)在線（美國(guó)在線）數(shù)量是通過(guò)連接到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的家庭，工作，或?qū)W校，的七倍多，這反映了日益增長(zhǎng)的連接在計(jì)算機(jī)和電信之間。8.Notonlyisthetechnologycomingtogetherbutconvergenceisalsooccurringintherealmofmediaownership.Hundredsofbillionsofdollars’wthofmergersacquisition

14、soccurredintheInterdigitalwksdomainduringthefinalthreeyearsofthe20thcentury.AT&TpurchasedTCIwhichistheparentof@Homeaprimarybroadbserviceprovider(i.e.cablemodem).AmericaOnlinepurchasedscapealeadingInterWebbrowserismerging

15、withTimeWarner.thelistisgrowingeveryday.不僅是這一技術(shù)在一起，而且在媒體所有權(quán)領(lǐng)域也發(fā)生了趨同。在第二十世紀(jì)最后的三年里，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域發(fā)生了數(shù)百億美元的并購(gòu)交易。AT&T收購(gòu)TCI，是@Home的前身，主要的寬帶服務(wù)提供商（即電纜調(diào)制解調(diào)器）。美國(guó)在線購(gòu)買(mǎi)網(wǎng)景，領(lǐng)先的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽器，并與TimeWarner合并。而且名單每一天都在增長(zhǎng)。9.Ifthereisnodenyingthatconv

16、ergenceisoccurringotherassumptionsaboutconvergencearewthaddressing.Paramountisthefrequentlyheldtechnoutopianassumptionthatconvergenceisagoodthinginevitable.Howeversomesociologistsproposethatalthoughconvergenceishappening

17、itisneitherinevitablennecessarilygood.Theyassertthatconvergencemerelyholdsthepromiseofabettermeefficientmedemocraticmediumfjournalismthepublicinthe21stcentury.Butseriousproblemsalsoplaguecivilizationinthedigitalageamongt

18、hemenmousthreatstoprivacyincreasingconcentrationofownershipashrinkingdiversityofvoicesaneverescalatingracetoreptthenewsmerapidlyinequitableaccesstoinfmationtechnologydigitaljournalism.如果收斂的發(fā)生是不可否認(rèn)的，那么其他關(guān)于收斂的假設(shè)是值得討論的。趨同性是