學(xué)術(shù)綜合英語(羅立勝)1-6單元課文翻譯

1、nit1Ofallhumancreationslanguagemaybethemostremarkable.Throughlanguageweshareexperiencefmulatevaluesexchangeideastransmitknowledgesustainculture.Indeedlanguageisvitaltothinkitself.Contrarytopopularbelieflanguagedoesnotsim

2、plymirrrealitybutalsohelpstocreateoursenseofrealitybygivingmeaningtoevents.在人類所有的創(chuàng)造中，語言也許是影響最為深遠(yuǎn)的。我們用語言來分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)，表達(dá)(傳遞？)價(jià)值觀，交換想法，傳播知識(shí)，傳承文化。事實(shí)上，對(duì)語言本身的思考也是至關(guān)重要的。和通常所認(rèn)為的不同的是，語言并不只是簡(jiǎn)單地反映現(xiàn)實(shí)，語言在具體描述事件的時(shí)候也在幫助我們建立對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的感知?！Z序的調(diào)整。Good

3、speakershaverespectflanguageknowhowitwks.Wdsarethetoolsofaspeaker’scraft.Theyhavespecialusesjustlikethetoolsofanyotherprofession.Asaspeakeryoushouldbeawareofthemeaningofwdsknowhowtouselanguageaccuratelyclearlyvividlyappr

4、opriately.好的演講者對(duì)語言很重視，也知道如何讓它發(fā)揮更好的效果。詞語是演講者演講的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，這和任何其他的工作技藝沒什么兩樣。作為演講者，必須知道詞語的具體含義，也要懂得如何做到用詞準(zhǔn)確、清晰、生動(dòng)、適當(dāng)。Usinglanguageaccuratelyisasvitaltoaspeakerasusingnumbersaccuratelytoaaccountant.Neveruseawdunlessyouar

5、esureofitsmeaning.Ifyouarenotsurelookupthewdinthedictionary.Asyouprepareyourspeechesaskyourselfconstantly“WhatdoIreallywanttosayWhatdoIreallymean”Choosewdsthatarepreciseaccurate.演講者準(zhǔn)確地使用語言和會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)確使用數(shù)字是一樣重要的。確定詞意后再措詞。如果不確定，請(qǐng)

6、先查詞典。當(dāng)你在準(zhǔn)備演講的時(shí)候，要不斷地問自己：“我到底要說什么？我到底想表達(dá)什么意思？”用詞一定要精準(zhǔn)。Usinglanguageclearlyallowslistenerstograspyourmeaningimmediately.Youcanensurethis[byusingfamiliarwds（thatareknowntotheaveragepersonrequirenospecializedbackground）bycho

7、osingconcretewdsinpreferencetomeabstractonesbyeliminatingverbalclutter].用詞清晰可以讓聽眾迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的點(diǎn)）。要做到這一點(diǎn)，就要盡量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要專業(yè)知識(shí)就能懂的詞語；多用具象詞匯少用抽象詞匯；還有要減少口誤。Usinglanguagevividlyhelpsbringyourspeechtolife.Oneway(tomakeyourspee

8、chvivid)|isthroughimagery，thecreationofwdpictures.Youcandevelopimagerybyusingconcretelanguagesimilemetaph.Simileisanexplicitcomparisonbetweenthings（thatareessentiallydifferentyethavesomethingincommon）italwayscontainsthew

9、ds“l(fā)ike”“as”.Metaphisanimplicitcomparisonbetweenthingsthataredifferentyethavesomethingincommonitdoesnotcontainthewds“l(fā)ike”“as”.生動(dòng)地用詞能讓演講鮮活起來！比喻，這種能產(chǎn)生文字圖像的修辭，可以使演講達(dá)到生動(dòng)的效果。比喻要用具象的語言，分為明喻和隱喻。明喻是指在本質(zhì)上有區(qū)別但仍然有相同點(diǎn)的事物之間做一個(gè)明確的比較，

10、一般句中會(huì)含有“像”或“似”。隱喻則是一種隱藏的比較，不會(huì)出現(xiàn)like和as這些連接詞。Anotherwaytomakeyourspeechesvividisbyexploitingtherhythmoflanguage.Fourdevicesfcreatingrhythmareparallelismrepetitionalliterationantithesis.Parallelismisthesimilararrangementof

11、apairseriesofrelatedwdsphrasessentences.Repetitionistheuseofthesamewdsetofwdsatthebeginningendofsuccessiveclausessentences.Alliterationcomesfromrepeatingtheinitialconstantsoundsofcloseadjoiningwds.Antithesisisthejuxtapos

12、itionofU家。引用專家的觀點(diǎn)可以讓你的想法更可信。引用的時(shí)候，既可以逐字摘抄也可以自己總結(jié)一下。和統(tǒng)計(jì)資料一樣，引用也有原則可循——引用摘抄準(zhǔn)確，來源合格無偏見。如果觀眾對(duì)引用來源不太熟悉，一定要（想辦法）取得他們的信任。Theimpactofaspeechisstronglyaffectedbyhowthespeechisdelivered.Youcannotmakeaspeechwithouthavingsomethingto

13、say.Buthavingsomethingtosayisnotenough.Youmustalsoknowhowtosayit.Gooddeliverydoesnotcallattentiontoitself.Itconveysthespeaker’sideasclearlyinterestingly[withoutdistractingtheaudience].演講的效果如何很大程度上取決于演講是怎么做的。無話可說做不好演講，但要做

14、好演講，僅僅有話可說也是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，還要知道如何說話才行。好的演講不是要喚起觀眾對(duì)演講本身的注意，而是要向觀眾清晰有趣地傳遞演講者的想法，同時(shí)還要有觀眾聚精會(huì)神地聆聽。Therearefourbasicmethodsofdeliveringaspeech:readingverbatimfromamanurecitingamemizedtextspeakingwithPowerPointspeakingextempaneouslyimpr

15、omptu.Thelastofthese—speakingextempaneously—isthemethod(youprobablywillusefclassroomspeechesfmostspeechesoutsidetheclassroom).Whenspeakingextempaneouslyyouwillhaveonlyabriefsetofnotesaspeakingoutline.SpeakingwithPowerPoi

16、ntiswidelyusednowveryeffectiveindeed.演講有四種最基本的方法：照本宣科式；背誦式；ppt輔助演講式和即興演講式。最后一項(xiàng)即興演講是我們?cè)谡n堂演講和大部分課外演講中都要用到的方法.即興演講時(shí)，我們手上只有簡(jiǎn)單的筆記或演講提綱?，F(xiàn)在，用ppt輔助演講十分普遍，效果顯著。Certainlythereareotherfactsyoushouldconsidersuchaspersonalappearanceb