四肢骨介紹

1、附肢骨骼,第三節(jié) 附肢骨骼 Appendicular Skeleton,,組成,上肢骨,下肢骨,,上肢帶骨（肩帶骨）：鎖骨、肩胛骨,自由上肢骨：肱骨、橈骨、尺骨、 腕骨、掌骨、指骨,,下肢帶骨（盆帶骨）：髖骨,自由下肢骨：股骨、髕骨、脛骨、腓骨、 跗骨、跖骨、趾骨,一、上肢骨 Bones of Upper Limb,（一）上肢帶骨：直

2、接連于軀干骨。,肩峰端,胸骨端,1、鎖骨clavicle：,位置：,橫架于胸廓前上方。,形態(tài)：,內(nèi)側(cè)2/3突向前,外側(cè)1/3突向后,上面平坦,下面粗糙,,,2、肩胛骨scapula:,(1)位置：貼于胸廓后外面,(2)形態(tài)：,上緣,肩胛下窩,上角,下角,腋緣,外側(cè)角,脊柱緣,,,,,,,,岡上窩,岡下窩,,,,,,岡上窩supraspinous fossa,喙突coracoid process,肩峰acromion,關(guān)節(jié)盂glenoid

3、 cavity,岡下窩infraspinous fossa,肩胛下窩subscapular fossa,肩胛岡spine of scapula,,,,,,,,肩胛切跡,盂上結(jié)節(jié),盂上結(jié)節(jié),,,,（二）自由上肢骨,1、肱骨humerus,肱骨頭head of humerus,,,大結(jié)節(jié)greater tubercle,,小結(jié)節(jié)lesser tubercle,,外科頸surgical neck,,橈神經(jīng)溝sulcus for ra

4、dial nerve,,內(nèi)上髁medial epicondyle,,肱骨小頭capitulum of humerus,,外上髁lateral epicondyle,,鷹嘴窩olecranon fossa,,,尺神經(jīng)溝sulcus for ulnar nerve,肱骨滑車(chē)trochlea of humerus,大結(jié)節(jié)嵴,小結(jié)節(jié)嵴,結(jié)節(jié)間溝,解剖頸,冠突窩,橈窩,,,,,,,2、前臂骨：,位于前臂內(nèi)側(cè),,,,,鷹嘴olecranon,,

5、滑車(chē)切跡trochlear notch,,尺骨莖突styloid process of ulna,冠突,尺骨粗隆,尺骨頭,環(huán)狀關(guān)節(jié)面,橈切跡,,,,,骨間緣,（1）尺骨ulna：,,橈骨頭head of radius,,橈骨莖突styloid process of radius,,,,橈骨粗隆radial tuberosity,,（2）橈骨radius：,,關(guān)節(jié)凹,環(huán)狀關(guān)節(jié)面,尺切跡,橈骨頸,腕關(guān)節(jié)面,,,,骨間緣,位于前臂外側(cè),

6、3、手骨：,,月骨,,三角骨,,頭狀骨,,豌豆骨,,鉤骨,,掌骨,,近節(jié)指骨,,中節(jié)指骨,,遠(yuǎn)節(jié)指骨,,,手舟骨,大多角骨,,小多角骨,包括腕骨（8塊）、掌骨（5塊）和手骨（14塊）。,舟月三角豆 大小頭狀鉤,二、下肢骨Bones of Lower Limb,（一）下肢帶骨：直接與軀干連接。,髖骨hip bone：由髂骨、恥骨、坐骨融合而成。,,髖臼acetabulum,閉孔o(hù)bturator foramen,,,髖臼窩,髖臼切跡,,

7、,髂骨,恥骨,坐骨,,,耳狀面auricular surface,,,髂嵴iliac crest,,,髂前上棘anterior superior iliac spine,,弓狀線(xiàn)arcuate line,,,髂前下棘,髂后下棘,髂后上棘,髂粗隆,髂結(jié)節(jié),髂窩,臀面,髂骨體,髂骨翼,,,,,髂骨,,,,,恥骨梳pecten pubis,,恥骨結(jié)節(jié)pubic tubercle,,,,恥骨聯(lián)合面symphysial surface,恥骨體,

8、恥骨上支,恥骨下支,恥骨嵴,髂恥隆起,恥骨,,坐骨大切跡great sciatic notch,,坐骨棘ischial spine,,坐骨小切跡lesser sciatic notch,,坐骨結(jié)節(jié)ischial tuberosity,,坐骨體,坐骨支,,坐骨,（二）自由下肢骨：,1、股骨femur,,,股骨頭 head of femur,,股骨頭凹fovea of femoral head,,,,股骨頸femoral neck,,,小轉(zhuǎn)

9、子lesser trochanter,,粗線(xiàn)linea aspera,,臀肌粗隆gluteal tuberosity,,內(nèi)側(cè)髁medial condyle,,外側(cè)髁lateral condyle,,髁間窩intercondylar fossa,,大轉(zhuǎn)子greater trochanter,,,,,,外上髁,內(nèi)上髁,,收肌結(jié)節(jié),,轉(zhuǎn)子間嵴,,轉(zhuǎn)子間線(xiàn),2、髕骨patella,,髕底,,髕尖,,關(guān)節(jié)面,3、小腿骨：,脛骨tibia：,腓骨f

10、ibula：,,腓骨頭head of fibula,,腓骨頸neck of fibula,,外踝lateral malleolus,,外側(cè)髁lateral condyle,內(nèi)側(cè)髁medial condyle,,,髁間隆起intercondylar eminence,,脛骨粗隆tibial tuberosity,,內(nèi)踝medial malleolus,,,腓切跡,腓關(guān)節(jié)面,比目魚(yú)肌線(xiàn),,,,,位于小腿內(nèi)側(cè),位于小腿外側(cè),4、足骨：,