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1、近幾年的高考對(duì)學(xué)生詞匯量的要求不斷提高,年平均增長(zhǎng)100個(gè)詞,直至高中畢業(yè)時(shí)掌握3000左右英文詞。隨著新課程改革,不僅詞匯量增加,對(duì)詞匯的掌握程度要求也更高。詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)因而變得更加繁重,對(duì)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的學(xué)生尤為如此。農(nóng)村高中生大都缺乏科學(xué)、有效的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的方法與策略,面對(duì)大量的詞匯,常常感覺(jué)困難重重;許多農(nóng)村高中英語(yǔ)教師指導(dǎo)詞匯教學(xué)的策略卻少之又少,雖然新課程改革要求老師要關(guān)注培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)能力和終身發(fā)展。有鑒于此,本研究希望通過(guò)英語(yǔ)課堂中
2、做一些基于詞匯策略下的實(shí)踐教學(xué)來(lái)嘗試改善這種詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的困境,以減輕師生負(fù)擔(dān),提高詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的效率。
研究之初,對(duì)學(xué)生和教師進(jìn)行詞匯學(xué)習(xí)策略的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生有否使用元認(rèn)知策略、認(rèn)知策略以及他們用來(lái)掌握詞匯的特殊方法;了解老師在課堂中詞匯教學(xué)的實(shí)際做法以及對(duì)詞匯教學(xué)所持的態(tài)度。根據(jù)調(diào)查中反映出的問(wèn)題,筆者選取了自己任教的兩個(gè)班級(jí),對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)班進(jìn)行了基于詞匯學(xué)習(xí)策略理論的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)試驗(yàn)。
實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)源于學(xué)生認(rèn)為的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
3、難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行,即:發(fā)音、拼寫(xiě)和意思。實(shí)施過(guò)程中,依據(jù)認(rèn)知策略,首先學(xué)生進(jìn)行了音標(biāo)和構(gòu)詞法的學(xué)習(xí);以及查字典策略,語(yǔ)境策略和聯(lián)系策略的訓(xùn)練。其次,根據(jù)元認(rèn)知策略,對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行了詞匯學(xué)習(xí)中自我監(jiān)控和自我評(píng)價(jià)能力的訓(xùn)練。第三,根據(jù)社交策略,讓學(xué)生在詞匯學(xué)習(xí)中形成小組合作的形式。根據(jù)記憶策略,運(yùn)用了單詞卡片的形式進(jìn)行記憶單詞。
在實(shí)驗(yàn)中,一份與實(shí)驗(yàn)初設(shè)計(jì)相同的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷再次使用以測(cè)試學(xué)生使用的詞匯策略是否有變化。實(shí)驗(yàn)班和控制班學(xué)生都在學(xué)期
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