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簡(jiǎn)介：YS3專212療婁號(hào)一～。，寮級(jí)面北史學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文作者遣壹釜指導(dǎo)教師奎塞鑒一專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)塑霾基一學(xué)科專業(yè)登生掛鲞塞F熬堂塞L～答辯日期星僉坌垂璽魚題學(xué)位授予掰期一一THEHISTORYOFMNSMISSIONOFGALOISANDHISTHEORYAHT瑚NGAIOISTHEORYISTHECROWNILLGACHIEVEMENTOFIHEAIGEB糟ICTHEORY0FEQUALIONS，ANDTHEMOSTIMPONANTIHINGJSTHAIGALOIS111EORRHASOPENEDAN0IHERNEWA11DWIDEWOFLDFORMATHEMATICSWHILENCLOSEDTHED00R0FIHEALGEBRAICTHEORYOFEQUATIONSINTHEHISTORYOFMATHE咖IICS，GALOISTH∞RY卸DITSFOUNDERGALOIS缸EALWAVSTHEMAINTOPICSOFSTUDVFORMATHEMATICIANS卸DHISTO五ANSFROM1832TONAW，ABOUT174YEAFSHAVEP站SED，ALTLL叫GLLSOMEQUESTIONSTCMAININD盯K，WEHAVEKNOWNALOTTHEPURPOSEOFTLIISDISSERTATIONISTOPROBE卸DTOANALYZESYSTEMATICALLYTHETRANSMISSIONOFGALOISANDHISTHEORYONTHEBASISOFREADINGOR嚕INALSOURCES卸DOFINVESLIGATINGPREVIOUSRESEARCHESONTHISSUBJECITHEMAJORCONTRJBUTJONSMADEINTHEDISSENATIONAREASFBLLOWSFIRSTLY，GALOISALLDHISMATHEMATIC“WORKSAREDISCUSSEDSPECIALATTENTIONSAREPAIDTOTWOQUESTIONSONEISWHATHADMADEGALOIS啪LKONTHEMATHEMATICALROADANDTHEOTLLERISWHATEXPBRIENCESAND1E駱叫SWESHOULDKAMFROMT11EDEATLLOFGALOISTHEWORKTHATGALOIS’LITTLEBMTHERALFREDGALOIS柚DGALOIS’銜ENDAUGUSTECHEVALIERBADDONEFORGALOISISSVSTEMATICALLVDIS伽S駝DP∞PEFMA恤EMTICALPLACESAREGIVENT0EVERYMANWHOHADMADETHEMAINACTSINTHECOUISEOFUNDERS協(xié)NDINGANDTRANSMITⅡN2GALOISANDHISTHEOⅣSECONDLY，LI叫VILLEANDHISPUBLICAIIONOFIHEWORKSOFGALOISAREDISCUSSEDDEEPLYWHATWE豫IHECONTENLSIN“OUVILLE’SPUBLICATIONWHYLIOUVILLEHADATIEMPTEDTOEXCUSEANDJUSTIFYTHOSEWHOHADⅡEVERRECO耶IZEDGALOISWHNEHEWASALIVEHAWDIDUOUVILLEOBTAINTHEWORKSOFGALOISWHV“OUVILLEDECIDEDTOSTUDVTHEGALOIS’WORKSWHICHHADEVERBEENCONSIDEREDUNCK盯INSTATIONBVOTLLERMALHEMATICIANSHOWMUCHDADLIOUVILLEUNDERSIOODGALOIS’WORKSWHVLJOUVILLEHADPOSTPONEDHJSPUBLICAIIONANDNEVERPUBⅡSHEDHISCO咖ENTSTHIRDLV，ONTBEBASISOFTHELATESTUDVTHETHESISCLARIFIESTHEEVENTTHATCAUCHVHADLOSTGALOIS’IMPONANTPAPELBYTLLEANALYSISOFCAUCHY’SLIFEINFF柚CEIN19CENIURY’TLLEREASONSWHYCAUCHYBADNOTNOTICEDGALOIS’WORKSAREDISCUSSED0NTHEDIALCCTICPOINTOFVIEW，THEINFLUENCESOFCAUCHY’SSYSTEMATICALSTUDYONTHETHEORYOFPE瑚UTATIONTOUNDERSTANDINGGALOISTHEORYTOMATLLEMATICIANSIⅡFRANCEAREAPPRAISEDFOUNLLLY，BYALLSIDEDUSEOFCOMPARA缸VE叩PROACB，THEMAJORCONTRIBUTIONNDMTHEMOSTREPRESENTATIVEAUTHORSINDIFFERENTPERIODSOFTHEWESTEMBISIORYOFGALOISTHEORVAREEVALUATEDASOBJECTIVELYASPOSSIBLCTHEFIRSTMANWHOHADFOLLOWEDT11ELHOU時(shí)ITOFGALOISANDWHOHADUNDERSTOODTLLETHOUGHTOF毋FOUPINTHEGALOISTHEORYWASDISCUSSEDWHYTHEREWASNEVERNOTHEREACTIONOFJACOBIWHOHADEVEFBEENASKEDBYGALOISTHEFIRSTMANWHOUSEDTHETE腫INOLOGY“GROUP”IHAIGALOISHADUSEDTOMEMORYGALOISISDISCUSSED11LEWORKOFSERRETANDJORDANISMAINLYDISCUSSEDINFRANCEFJFTHLY，ALMOSIALLOFLHESTUDIESONGALOISANDHISTHE∞YTHATHAVEBEENDONEINPASI174YEARSAREDISCUSSEDSYSIEMATICAILYBYTHE“MEORDELTHESESTUDIESAREVERYEXIENSIVEINCLUDINGGALOIS’MATHEMAIICALWORK，THEL訌EOFGALOISANDGALOIS’METHODOLOGY，LANGUAGEANDPEDAGOGYMOSTINTERESTINGIHINGISIHATFILMSANDDRAMASALSOAPPEALBYANALYZINGLHESESTUDIES，THETRANSMISSIONININTEMAEIONALISDISCUSSEDFINALLYTHEPROCESSOFINTRODUCIIONOFGALOISANDHISTHEORYTOCHINAISBRIENVEXPLOREDKEYWORDSGALOIS，GAIOISLHCOR弘“OUVILLE，JORDAN，TRANSMISSION

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簡(jiǎn)介：索取號(hào)Q21』12密級(jí)避南京坪魁犬掌教育碩士專業(yè)學(xué)‘位論文園試論數(shù)學(xué)史的教學(xué)價(jià)值作者院系指導(dǎo)教師學(xué)科專業(yè)趙思永數(shù)學(xué)與計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)院楊泰蘸教授學(xué)科教學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)ABSTRACTTHEHISTORYOFMATHEMATICSISWISDOMOFMATHEMATICSTHROE【GHSPACETIMETHEDEVELOPMENTOFITSHOWSUSAPICTURETHATISLONGSTANDING，WELLESTABLISHEDANDCHANGEABLEWITHEACHPASSINGDAYTHEADVANTAGESAREASFOLLOWS。FIRST，THESTUDYOFMATHEMATICSCANINSPIREOURTHOUGHTSANDCULTIVATEOURMIND。SECOND，ITCANHELPUSBROADENOUREYESIGHTANDUNDERSTANDTHEDEVELOPINGPROCEDUREOFITSEIFITSTHOUGHB，METHODSANDDEVELOPMENTTHIRD，ITALSOCANDEEPENOURKNOWLEDGEOFTHEESSENCEOFMATHEMATICSANDAECOMPFISHTHECOURSEOFMATHEMATICALINSTRUCTIONINTHEPROCEDUREFINALLYITCANHELPBOTHTEACHERSANDSTUDENTSFORMARIGHTVIEWOFMATHEMATICS，ANDHELPTHELATTERUNDERSTANDHOWMATHEMATICSCONCEPTFORMEDTHEHISTORYOFMATHEMATICSISANESSENTIALPARTOFMATHEMATICSEOUIS段APPLYINGTHEHISTORYOFMATHEMATICSTOTHECOURSEOFTEACHINGNOTONLYSHOWSTHEVALUEOFMATHEMATICALKNOWLEDGEANDTHINKINGWAYS，BUTALSOSHOWSEMOTION，ATTITUDEANDVALUEOFITONLYBYCOMBININGTHEDEVELOPINGPROCEDUREOFMATHEMATICALTHINKINGWAYSWITHTHECHANGINGPROCEDUREOFSTUDENTS’KNOWLEDGE，CANMATHEMATICSTEACHINGSHOWTHETEACHINGVALUEOFMATHEMATICS’THEFAMOUSMATHEMATICIANMKINETHINKSTHATEVERYMATHEMATICSTEACHERINMIDDLESCHOOLANDCOLLEGESHOULDKNOWTHEHISTORYOFMATHEMATICSTHEREAREMANYREASONSPERHAPSTHEMOSTIMPORTANTONEISTHATITISTHEGUIDEOFMATHEMATICALTEACHINGKEYWORDSHISTORYOFMATHEMATICS；VIEWOFMATHEMATICS；MATHEMATICSACTIVITYTEACHING；TEACHINGVALUEⅡ

簡(jiǎn)介：山西大學(xué)2008屆碩士學(xué)位論文語(yǔ)境視角下的有限元法發(fā)展史作者姓名指導(dǎo)教師學(xué)科專業(yè)研究方向培養(yǎng)單位學(xué)習(xí)年限李昱君郭貴春教授科學(xué)技術(shù)史學(xué)科史科學(xué)技術(shù)哲學(xué)研究中心2005年9月2008年6月2008年6月中文摘要計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)是現(xiàn)代數(shù)學(xué)的一個(gè)非常重要的分枝，但國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)發(fā)展史研究很不充分。本文研究了計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)中一種成熟而有效的計(jì)算方法一有限元法的發(fā)展史，并且對(duì)有限元法發(fā)展史作了語(yǔ)境分析。有限元法的發(fā)展歷程可以分為提出1943、發(fā)展19441960和完善1961一二十世紀(jì)九十年代三個(gè)階段。有限元法是受內(nèi)外動(dòng)力的綜合作用而產(chǎn)生的。1943年，柯朗發(fā)表的數(shù)學(xué)論文平衡和振動(dòng)問(wèn)題的變分解法和阿格瑞斯在工程學(xué)中取得的重大突破標(biāo)志著有限元法的誕生。有限元法早期19441960發(fā)展階段中，得出了有限元法的原始代數(shù)表達(dá)形式，開始了對(duì)單元?jiǎng)澐?、單元類型選擇的研究，并且在解的收斂性研究上取得了很大突破。1960年，克勞夫第一次提出了“有限元法“這個(gè)名稱，標(biāo)志著有限元法早期發(fā)展階段的結(jié)束。有限元法完善階段1961十世紀(jì)九十年代的發(fā)展有國(guó)外和國(guó)內(nèi)兩條線索。在國(guó)外的發(fā)展表現(xiàn)為第一，建立了嚴(yán)格的數(shù)學(xué)和工程學(xué)基礎(chǔ)；第二，應(yīng)用范圍擴(kuò)展到了結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)以外的領(lǐng)域；第三，收斂性得到了進(jìn)一步研究，形成了系統(tǒng)的誤差估計(jì)理論；第四，發(fā)展起了相應(yīng)的商業(yè)軟件包。在國(guó)內(nèi)，我國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家馮康在特定的環(huán)境中獨(dú)立于西方提出了有限元法。1965年，他發(fā)表論文基于變分原理的差分格式，標(biāo)志著有限元法在我國(guó)的誕生。馮康的這篇文章不但提出了有限元法，而且初步發(fā)展了有限元法。他得出了有限元法在特定條件下的表達(dá)式，獨(dú)創(chuàng)了“馮氏大定理”并且初步證明了有限元法解的收斂性。雖然馮康創(chuàng)造的有限元法不成熟，但他能在當(dāng)時(shí)的條件下獨(dú)立提出有限元法已十分不易。對(duì)于他的這項(xiàng)成就，國(guó)內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者和國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都有很高的評(píng)價(jià)。有限元法作為一種科學(xué)語(yǔ)言，具有語(yǔ)形、語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)用三個(gè)要素。有限元法的發(fā)展史可以歸為這三個(gè)方面。語(yǔ)形、語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)用三個(gè)要素在求解問(wèn)題的具體語(yǔ)境中實(shí)現(xiàn)了有機(jī)統(tǒng)一。有限元法發(fā)展過(guò)程中的廣義語(yǔ)境包括外語(yǔ)境集、科學(xué)家集、中介集、和研究對(duì)象集，這四個(gè)要素之間有特定的相互關(guān)系。它們一起構(gòu)成了有限元法發(fā)展的維度。所以說(shuō)有限元法的發(fā)展要依賴于特定的語(yǔ)境，這就是我們從語(yǔ)境的視角研究有限元法發(fā)展史的原因。關(guān)鍵詞有限元法；發(fā)展史；計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)；語(yǔ)境

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