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1、近年來,語(yǔ)言與文化密不可分,這一事實(shí)已成為學(xué)者和教師的共識(shí)。一方面,語(yǔ)言是文化不可分割的一部分,并能反映文化。從語(yǔ)言中我們可以窺見人們的傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、思想和生活方式。另一方面,文化是語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ),語(yǔ)言在文化中形成并得以發(fā)展。因此,學(xué)好一門語(yǔ)言不僅意味著學(xué)習(xí)該語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法和詞匯,還意味著了解相應(yīng)的文化。
圖示理論是由德國(guó)哲學(xué)家Immense Kant第一次提出的(Kant Immanuel,1963)。之后,很多學(xué)者都發(fā)展了該
2、理論并且提出了很多新觀點(diǎn)。該理論認(rèn)為,背景知識(shí),或者先前已獲得的知識(shí)在閱讀理解中的地位非常重要。
閱讀理解對(duì)于把英語(yǔ)作為一門外語(yǔ)的高中生來說至關(guān)重要,因?yàn)殚喿x是他們獲取目的語(yǔ)的主要途徑。然而,對(duì)于大多數(shù)高中生來說,閱讀理解并不那么簡(jiǎn)單。至于高職生,情況更是如此。原因有二。一方面他們掌握的詞匯和句型結(jié)構(gòu)十分有限,另一方面他們?nèi)狈ο嚓P(guān)的文化圖示,但這些圖示對(duì)于理解文本,特別是包含豐富文化內(nèi)涵的文本,卻是必不可少的。
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