商務(wù)信函的翻譯

1、Chapter 6,Business Letters商務(wù)信函,英語1511 曾紅 2015105135,Knowledge aims： 1. To know about the characteristics of business letters in writing style ,format and stylistic features. 了解商務(wù)信函的行文方式、格式和文體特點。 2.To mas

2、ter the translation skills or techniques of business letters.掌握商務(wù)信函的常用翻譯技巧。Ability aims： 1. To be able to translate business letters correctly by using vocabulary and sentence patterns.能夠正確翻譯商務(wù)信函常用詞匯和句型。 2.To be

3、 able to translate all kinds of business letters. skillfully.能夠熟練地翻譯各類商務(wù)信函。,Business Letters,,Outline,Section 1 IntroductionSection 2 Types of business lettersSection 3 Components of Business LettersSection 4 Lingu

4、istic FeaturesSection 5 Stylistic Features Section 6 Translation RequirementsSection 7 Useful Terms Section 8 Quiz,Business Letters,Definifition: A business letter is usually a letter from one compa

5、ny to another, or between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. The overall style of letter depends on the relationship between the parties concerned.,Types of business letters,1、建立貿(mào)

6、易關(guān)系(Establishment of business relations)2、詢盤(一般的或具體的)(Enquiry (general and specific)) 受盤(acceptance)3、報盤(實盤或虛盤)( Offer (firm or without engagement)) 還盤 Counter-offer 4、貿(mào)易磋商(Business negotiations) 5、有關(guān)成交(Conclusi

7、on of business)6、有關(guān)銷售合同或銷售確認書(Sales contract or confirmation) 即期匯票（draft at sight）7、有關(guān)購貨合同或購貨確認書(Purchase contract or confirmation) 8、促銷信(Sales promotion)9、訂貨和執(zhí)行(Order and the fulfillment)10、有關(guān)信用證(Letter of C

8、redit),,11.催證(Urging the establishment of L/C)12、改正(L/C amendment);13、信用證展期(Extension of L/C).14、有關(guān)裝運(Shipment)15、催運(Urging shipment)16、裝運通知(Shipping advice)17、續(xù)訂(Repeat order)18、保險(Insurance)19、索賠(Claim) 合同訂立(pla

9、cing orders20、提出索賠(to lodge a claim),,21理賠(to settle a claim)22、尋找代理(Ask for an agent)24、加工貿(mào)易(Processing trade)25、補償貿(mào)易(Compensation trade)26、建立合資企業(yè)(Establishing a joint venture,What types of business letters are th

10、ey ?,建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系涵 Establishment of business relations,points,Key sentence structuresP 163-164 Key words and phrases,Enquiry詢盤涵,Key points,Key sentence structuresKey P 165-166 Key words and phrases,Offer and Counter-

11、offer報盤和還盤涵,Key points,Key sentence structures P 168Key words and phrases,議價還盤涵（Business negotiations 貿(mào)易磋商）,Key points,Key sentence structures P 171Key words and phrases,establishment of L/C 開立信用證涵,Key points,Key

12、 sentence structures P 173Key words and phrases,Claim for Compensation 索賠涵,Key points,Key sentence structures P 175-176Key words and phrases,Compositions of Business Letters,（一） Essential elements 基本部分，包括： （

13、a） 信頭(Letter Head) （b） 日期(Date) （c） 封內(nèi)地址(Inside Address) （d） 稱呼(Salutation or Greeting) （e） 信的正文(Body of the Letter) （f） 結(jié)束語(Complimentary Close) （g） 簽名(Signature) （二）Optional el

14、ements 其他部分，包括： （a） 附件(Enclosure)，簡寫Enc． （b） 附言(Postscript)，簡寫P.S． （c） 經(jīng)辦人姓名(Attention Line) （d） 事由(Subject or Heading) （e） 參考編號(Reference No.) （f） 抄送(Carbon Copy Notation)，簡寫C.C.P

15、160,,,Linguistic Features,商務(wù)信函屬于比較拘謹正式的公文體，行文端正、用字洗練，一般遵守商務(wù)英語的寫作原則，即七“C”原則：正確（correctness）、簡練（conciseness）、清楚（clearness）、完整（completeness）、具體（concreteness）、禮貌（courtesy）、體諒（consideration）。具體來講，有以下幾方面內(nèi)容。,,,,7 C Principles,

16、1. Correctness---準確原則商務(wù)書信要表達準確,不能言過其實;要用正確的語言把信息傳遞給對方。2. Conciseness---簡潔原則避免使用冗長的表達，用語盡量簡潔。3. Clearness---清楚原則選用簡明易懂的詞語，避免模糊和歧義；信函內(nèi)容條理清楚，邏輯性強4. Completeness---完整原則為達成交易，寫信人應(yīng)提供給對方所需的完整信息。5. Concreteness---具體原則

17、 為使閱信人留下明確具體的印象，應(yīng)避免使用抽象或籠統(tǒng)概念的詞語。6. Courtesy---禮貌原則彬彬有禮的書信可博取對方好感，使對方樂意與你合作。7. Consideration---體諒原則寫信時多為對方著想，多從對方角度看問題，可縮短彼此距離，使對方認真考慮信中所言。,Translation Requirements,1.簡潔 (conciseness)（一） 避免使用陳舊的商業(yè)術(shù)語 陳舊的與傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)術(shù)語（Com

18、mercial jargon）對信的內(nèi)容沒有什么作用，應(yīng)該避免使用。 Eg 1：Wordy: We wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter of November 14 with the check for Stg.10 enclosed and wish to thank you for same.Concise: We appreciate your letter of Novembe

19、r 14 and the check for Stg. 10 you sent with it.,Avoid wordy,(二)要長話短說，避免羅嗦 　　通常商業(yè)人士每天需要閱讀大量的書信，對開門見山，長話短說，直接切題的信特別歡迎。 例如： 不要寫Please see that an enquiry is conducted to determine the reason. 應(yīng)寫作Please find out th

20、e reason. 不要寫We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion.,Pay attention to the length of sentences,(三)要注意每句句子的長短 例如： “We would like to know whether you would allow us to exte

21、nd the time of shipment for twenty days, and if you would be so kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give us your reply by cable without delay.” 這句話過分“客氣”，使句子過長而不清楚。內(nèi)容要求對方同意延期交貨20天，一般情況下，應(yīng)盡可能提出延期到那一天的具體日期。這句話可壓縮為：

22、"Please reply by telegram immediately if you will allow us to delay the shipment until April 21.",2. 具體 (concreteness)3. 正確 (correctness)商業(yè)書信必須寫得正確，因為它涉及到買賣雙方的權(quán)利，義務(wù)，厲害關(guān)系，是各種商業(yè)單據(jù)（如合同）的根據(jù)。 廣義的說，商業(yè)書信的正確性表現(xiàn)在：（一）

23、 運用正確的語言 （二） 敘述得正確 （三） 數(shù)字要正確 （四） 正確理解和運用商業(yè)術(shù)語 （五） 合適的寫作技巧或方法，以及正確運用其他的六個 "Ｃ"。,,敘述得正確： 商業(yè)書信的內(nèi)容要敘述得正確，既不要說得不夠(Understatement)，更不要說得過頭(Overstatement)。 Eg: This stove is absolutely the best (or: the very be

24、st) on the market. (這種爐子是市場上絕對最好的爐子。) 這句話是用來介紹商品的，　但沒有具體介紹商品的性能，　而是抽象地斷定這種爐子是“市場上最好的”。這樣介紹商品，不但不能達到推銷的目的，反而使人對寫信人有“賣狗皮膏藥”的感覺。,［Revision ］ Our model A195 is designed on modern lines, without any increase in

25、 fuel consumption, 25% more heat than the older models. So you will agree that it is the outstanding stove for economy of fuel. (我們的Ａ１９５型爐子是按近代樣式設(shè)計的，在不增加燃料消耗的情況下，比其他各種舊式爐子溫度高２５％。所以，你會同意，這是優(yōu)良的節(jié)約燃料的爐子。),數(shù)字要正確,數(shù)字要正確：

26、 做對外貿(mào)易離不開數(shù)字。　對商業(yè)書信中的數(shù)字的正確性要特別加以注意，有時“失之毫厘，差之千里”。甚至引起不同的理解。 （a）“以上”，“以下”，“以前”，“以后”，“從….到... ”等的表達法 （b）二美元和二美元以上 $2 or (and) $2 above (over) 不少于５０羅的定單 50gross or (and) up (upwa

27、rd, upwards),正確理解和運用商業(yè)術(shù)語,理解和運用商業(yè)術(shù)語 ：一般常用的商業(yè)用語用字簡潔，意義明確，使用得好，工作進行得順利，使用得不好，就會引起混亂，誤解，甚至產(chǎn)生不必要的糾紛.如：You ask very short delivery for your order.寫信的人原意是說“你們要求趕快交你們的定貨?！?可是short delivery不是快點交貨的意思，而是“短交”的意思，這就用錯了商業(yè)術(shù)語。因此，應(yīng)該

28、說：Your require quick (prompt) delivery of your order. （五）正確運用其他的六個 "Ｃ"。,清晰 (clarity),（一）避免使用可能產(chǎn)生不同理解或意義不明確的詞 〈例一〉 　　 As to the steamers sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct se

29、rvices. 　　(從香港到舊金山有直達船，) 但是bimonthly 究竟是一個月兩次即半月一次呢，還是兩個月一次？不明確。 因此，最好清楚明白說明"一個月兩次"還是"兩個月一次”,（a） We have two direct sailings every month from Hongkong to San Francisco. 　　 （每月兩

30、次直達船） （b） We have semimonthly direct sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco. 　　 （每半月一次直達船） （c） We have a direct sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco every two month. 　 　 （每兩個月一次直達船）,（二

31、）注意修飾詞的位置，有時修飾詞的位置不同，會導(dǎo)致不同的含意.如： a) Please let us know what you wish us to do about this matter as soon as possible; b) Please let us know as soon as possible what you wish us to do about this matter. 以上兩句中的“as

32、soon as possible”修飾的內(nèi)容不同： a)請告訴我們你們要求我們盡快做些什么。 b) 請盡快告訴我們，你們要我們?yōu)榇耸伦鲂┦裁础薄?（三） 注意指代名詞，關(guān)系代詞和先行詞的關(guān)系 　　按照英語習(xí)慣， 句子中的代名詞和關(guān)系代詞一般是指離得最近的名詞，因此要特別注意，以免引起誤解或不清楚。 例句： 不好 ：They informed Messrs. John & Smith t

33、hat they would receive an answer in a few days. 較好： They informed Messrs. John & Smith that latter would receive an answer in a few days.,(四)注意前后一致和緊湊，連貫 不一致： Being a certified public accountant, I am sure yo

34、u can help us. 一致： Being a certified public accountant, you can surely help us. or; As you are a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us.,仔細和恰當(dāng)?shù)胤侄温?商業(yè)書信要寫得使人一讀就明白，因此必須按照內(nèi)容仔細和恰當(dāng)?shù)姆侄温洌?一般的

35、分段落原則是一個段落一個意思（A paragraph for each point is a good general rule.）. 現(xiàn)舉例說明：,Dear Sirs, 　　　　 It is reported in a domestic newspaper that the Iranian Central Bank has instructed the commercial banks to suspend their busi

36、ness of opening a new letter of credit as from the 3rd May for financial reason of foreign currency. //Although it is said that this arrangement would be a temporary one and with establishment of new import policy this e

37、mergency arrangement would be lifted, we are much concerned about the outcome of this movement toward restriction of import to Iran and shall be obliged if you will kindly keep us well advised of development of this new

38、arrangement especially in connection with import from France. Yours faithfully,,以上這封信只有一段，供兩句。第一句39字，第二句66句。 讀后雖然能基本了解其內(nèi)容， 但讀起來很舒服。信的內(nèi)容大體有三點： １． 伊朗中央銀行因外匯原因，通知個商業(yè)銀行從五月三日起停止 開立信用證； ２． 這臨時措施，新的進口政策一

39、訂，這個措施可能取消； ３. 希望對方隨時告之有關(guān)情況。,按照這三點，適當(dāng)?shù)胤侄危研胖匦赂膶?，讀起來比原來的清楚易懂：,Dear Sirs, 　　　 It is reported in a vernacular newspaper that the Iranian Central Bank has instructed the commercial banks to suspend their issuing

40、new Letters of Credit as from the 3rd May because of its decreasing foreign currency funds. Furthermore, it is said that the suspension seems a temporary one and will be released with establishment if a new impo

41、rt policy. We are much concerned, however, about the outcome of this movement toward restriction of import to Iran. We, therefore, shall be obliged if you will keep us well informed of development of this

42、new state of affairs, especially in connection with imports from France. Yours faithfully,,體諒 (consideration) 禮貌 (courtesy),COURTESY譯成“禮貌”。但是根據(jù)西方國家函電書籍作者普遍的看法，所謂COURTESY是“客氣而又體諒人”的意思。這樣的形式很多，現(xiàn)在提供一些常見的供參考： （一） 把命令變

43、成請求的常用形式： Please, Will you…….., Will /Would you please……..,如： a) Will you give us more detailed information on your requirement? b) Will you please (kindly) let us hear from you on these two points?,（二） 虛擬式（ Subjunc

44、tive From）如： a) Would you compare our sample with the goods of other firms? b) We would ask you to ship the goods by the first available vessel. c) We wish you would let us have your reply soo

45、n. d) This would seem to confirm our opinion. e) We should be grateful if you would help us with your suggestion. f) We might be of some service to you in a similar case. 　　 以上的b, 也可用

46、 will, shall, may, 但是用Subjunctive Form則表示更客氣 和婉轉(zhuǎn)些。,禮貌 (courtesy),（三） 緩和用法（Mitigation） 　　 為了緩和過分強調(diào)或刺激對方，常用: We are afraid, we would say, we may(or, might) say, we(would) think, it seems(or would seem) to us

47、, we(would) suggest, as you are (or: may be) aware, as we need hardly point out等等表達法來緩和語氣，如： a) It was unwise of you to have done that. 　 We would say that it was unwise of you to have done that. b)

48、You ought to have done it. 　 It seems to us that you ought to have done it. c) We cannot comply with your request. 　 We are afraid we cannot comply with your request. d) Our products are the very bes

49、t on the market. 　 We might say that our products are the very best on the market.,Stylistic Features 文體特點及其翻譯,商務(wù)信函的文體特點 1．1 詞匯使用特點 1．1．1 用詞規(guī)范正式 1．1．2 表意準確、

50、專業(yè)性強 1．1．3 用語樸素、淡于修飾 1．2 語法使用特點 1．2．1 句子類型 1．2．2 句式結(jié)構(gòu) （1）復(fù)合句與簡單句結(jié)合，以復(fù)合句為主 （2）常用并列結(jié)構(gòu)

51、 （3）狀語位置獨特 1．2．3 虛擬語氣的運用,Stylistic Features,1．1 詞匯使用特點1．1．1 用詞規(guī)范正式 （1）商務(wù)英語信函經(jīng)常以意義相同或相近的書面詞語代替基本詞匯和口語詞匯，如以inform或advise代替tell，以duplicate代替copy，以dispatch代替send，以otherwise代替or；

52、以介詞短語代替簡單的介詞，如以as for，in respect to，in connection with和with regarding to等代替about等。 例如： We are pleased to advise you that your order NO.105 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction. 我們很高興地通

53、知你們：第105號訂單貨物已遵照你方指示運出。,1．1．1 用詞規(guī)范正式,We will meet you half way by offering a discount of 5% in view of our long pleasant relations. 鑒于我們之間長期愉快的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系，本公司將酌情考慮給予5%的折扣。 （2）商務(wù)信函中還經(jīng)常使用here/there +介詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，如hereafter，h

54、ereby，hereunder，hereto，hereinafter，herewith，thereafter，therein，therefrom等。 例如： All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof. 所有報盤和銷售均應(yīng)遵守本報價單背面所印的條款。In s

55、uch a case, Seller is bound to reimburse Buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom. 在次情況下，賣方負責(zé)償還買方由此所遭受的損失。,1．1．2 表意準確、專業(yè)性強,商務(wù)信函用詞表意準確、專業(yè)性強，主要表現(xiàn)在使用大量的專業(yè)術(shù)語、行話、外來詞、縮略語以及一般詞語在商務(wù)英語語境中的特殊用法。 （1）專業(yè)術(shù)語類：Trimming c

56、harges 平倉費 insurance policy 保險單 coverage 保險項目 establishment 開證 counter-suggestion 反還盤 surcharges附加費,pro forma invoice形式發(fā)票 premium保險費 clearance sale清倉削價銷售

57、 underwriter 保險人 L/C 信用證 CIF 到岸價格 FOB離岸價格 bid 遞盤 C.B.D. 付現(xiàn)提貨 counter-offer還盤 irrevocable

58、 letter of credit 不可撤消信用證,1．1．2 表意準確、專業(yè)性強,例如：We shall cover TPND on your order. 我們將為你方的貨物投保盜竊和提貨不著險。It would be appreciated if you would let us know by returning your lowest possible price for t

59、he following goods on FOB London. 請報下列商品倫敦船上交貨之最低價。（2）外來詞類： 拉丁語的status quo（現(xiàn)狀），意大利語的del credere（保付貨價的），漢語中的litchi（荔枝），tungoil（桐油），mango（芒果）等。（3）行話：長期的函電交往使人們在使用術(shù)語上形成共識，本來意義差異很大的詞匯在特定的語境中所表達的內(nèi)涵和外延卻非常相似。Off

60、er, quotation表示“報價，發(fā)盤”Pamphlet, brochure, booklet, sales literature 表示商家用于宣傳介紹自己公司或產(chǎn)品的“說明材料”Shipment和consignment 表示“所發(fā)出的貨物”Financial standing/reputation/condition/position用于表示公司的“資信財務(wù)情況”Fulfill/complete/execute

61、an order用于表示“執(zhí)行訂單”A draft contract或a specimen contract 表示“合同樣本”,1．1．2 表意準確、專業(yè)性強,（4）商務(wù)信函準確性主要體現(xiàn)在數(shù)量詞的大量運用。商務(wù) 信函中的時間，價格，數(shù)量，金額，規(guī)格等問題貫穿商貿(mào)活動始終，數(shù)字的表達應(yīng)言之確鑿，避免摸棱兩可。例如：The vender shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 1

62、5. 賣方須于6月15日或之前將貨物交給買方。The market here for this product is active, and the best price we can offer is US $150 or over per long ton. 該產(chǎn)品在本地的銷售看好，我方出價可達每長噸150美元或以上。,1．1．3 用語樸素、淡于修飾,商貿(mào)信函的主要功能是傳遞信息，使收、發(fā)信函雙方發(fā)生貿(mào)易往來、達

63、成交易，因此除了必須使用專業(yè)術(shù)語等手段準確傳達自己的信息意圖外，還要求信函語言明白易懂，樸實平易。例如： Dear Sirs, Thank you for your interest in our fireworks. In reply to your enquiry of November 15, we are really sorry to say that we cann

64、ot divulge any of our sales information. We hope this will not bring you too much invonvenience. Yours truly, 敬啟者： 承蒙貴方

65、對我們的煙花感興趣，十分感謝。 茲復(fù)貴方11月15日詢價函，我們非常抱歉地奉告，我們不泄 我方任何銷售情況。我們希望這不會給貴方帶來很多不便。 敬上,1．2 語法使用特點,1．2．1 句子類型 英語句子

66、按使用目的可以分為四類： 陳述句（Declarative Sentences） 疑問句（Interrogative Sentences） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences） 感嘆句（Exclamatory Sentences）（1）商務(wù)信函主要使用陳述句。例如： Dear Sirs, We thank you for your promptness

67、in delivering the coffee we ordered on 20th, July. The number of bags delivered by your carrier this morning was, however, 160 whereas our order was for only 120. Unfortunately, our present needs are completel

68、y covered and as we cannot make use of the 40 bags in excess of order, we have put them in our warehouse to be held for you until we receive your instructions.

69、 Yours Truly,,1．2．1 句子類型,敬啟者： 收到我方7月20日訂購的咖啡，并對你方迅速交貨表示感謝。但是，你方承運人上午交來160袋，而我們只訂購120袋。 遺憾的是，我方需求已滿，無法接受你方多交的40袋。我們已將此貨入庫保存，等候你方指示。

70、 敬上 （2）祈使句表示請求、勸告、命令等，用祈使句可避免生硬刻板，比 陳述句更有禮貌。 Please look into the matter at once and let us have your definite reply by cable

71、 without any further delay. 請立即堅持此事，并盡快電告確切答復(fù)。 （3）疑問句也可用來表達寫信人的觀點或向?qū)Ψ教嶙h，疑問句給對方留有更大的余地，更有禮貌，它的使用頻率比祈使句相對要多。 Would you please send us a copy of your catalogue? 能否向我公司郵寄一份貴公司的產(chǎn)品目錄？（4）感嘆句雖然可以渲染氣氛，增強語