病毒性腸胃炎

1、Health Promoting School: Hints for Prevention健康促進(jìn)學(xué)校防患未然小錦囊,Professor Albert LeeDirector of Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion Professor (Head of Family Medicine) Department of Community and Family Medi

2、cine The Chinese University of Hong KongHonorary Consultant of Family Medicine李大拔教授香港中文大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院健康教育及促進(jìn)健康中心主任香港中文大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院社區(qū)及家庭醫(yī)學(xué)系教授 (家庭醫(yī)學(xué)主管)家庭醫(yī)學(xué)榮譽(yù)顧問,課程改革有哪七個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)宗旨？,其中包括 健康生活方式 責(zé)任感資料來(lái)源：課程發(fā)展處教育統(tǒng)籌局,,,,Why is it Importan

3、t to Promote Health at Schools?為何在校推廣健康是如此的重要?,Health Status Learning Outcomes 健康狀況 學(xué)習(xí)成效Both health and education are linked to the economic performance and social

4、cohesion of modern industrialized society在現(xiàn)代化的城市裏，健康及教育均與經(jīng)濟(jì)成就和社會(huì)團(tuán)結(jié)有莫大關(guān)係,,Substantial evidence indicates that health is a major factor affecting the learning capacity of a person 不少証據(jù)顯示，健康是影響人們學(xué)習(xí)能力的主要因素(WHO, 1997;

5、 Ziglio, 1997; Lavin et al., 1992; World Bank, 1993; WHO, 1995),In line with Curriculum Reform配合課程改革,Enable students to develop healthy living model 確立學(xué)生的健康生活模式Promote self esteem 提升自信Cultivate correct values and

6、concepts of life 培養(yǎng)正確的價(jià)值觀,In line with Health Care reform配合醫(yī)護(hù)改革,Strengthen the implementation of preventive medicine 加強(qiáng)預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)的實(shí)踐與推行Empower the concept and skills of self help and self care. 增加自我照護(hù)的概念及技巧,Ther

7、e has not been any new case of SARS reported in Hong Kong since June 2003 but we have to prepare on the assumption that this will return.自從2003年6月，本港雖再?zèng)]有SARS新癥，然而我們須嚴(yán)陣以待，假設(shè)它會(huì)回來(lái)。,Timely issue: will SARS come back?最新話題︰S

8、ARS會(huì)回來(lái)嗎？,Related websites 相關(guān)網(wǎng)站,Checklist of measures to combat SARS www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200309/22checklist-e.pdfwww.info.gov.hk/info/sars/e_profession.htmwww.who.int/csr/sars/en/index.html,,構(gòu)成傳染病的 〝 三種 〞要素傳染原

9、(Infections Agent) ↓傳染途徑(Mode of spread) 易受病者 (Susceptible host )切斷 這三種要素之間任何二者的關(guān)係，便能控制傳染病的傳播,Infectious prevention and control in school學(xué)校傳染病預(yù)防及控制的方法,Norwalk-like Viruses,In developed co

10、untries, acute diarrheal illness remains an important cause of morbidity among both children and adults,在已發(fā)展的國(guó)家，由急性肚瀉帶來(lái)的身體不適是引致兒童和成人發(fā)病的主要因素,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Two distinct groups of viruses – the rotaviruses an

11、d the enteric caliciviruses, such as Norwalk virus – as well as a variety of bacterial pathogens have emerged as important etiologic agents of gastroenteritis包括兩類明顯的病毒– 1) 輪狀病毒和 2) Enteric caliciviruses,例如：諾沃克病毒 –和不同

12、種類的細(xì)菌病原體皆顯露出是腸胃炎的主要致病原,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Rotavirus infection occurs worldwideBy the age of 3 years, virtually every individual has been infected by rotaviruses at least once輪狀病毒感染可以是全球性發(fā)生由三歲開始,事實(shí)上每個(gè)人皆有致少感染過(guò)

13、一次輪狀病毒的可能性,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,In areas with a temperate climate, rotavirus infection is seasonal, occurring in the cooler winter months於溫帶地區(qū)，輪狀病毒感染是季節(jié)性發(fā)生，和多出現(xiàn)於較寒冷的冬季,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,The majority o

14、f rotavirus infections are subclinical or cause mild gastrointestinal illness that do not require hospitalizationThe onset of illness is usually abrupt大多數(shù)的輪狀病毒感染都沒有臨床癥狀，或會(huì)引致溫和的腸胃炎不適，而不需要住院治療通常是突發(fā)性病發(fā),Viral Gastroenteri

15、tis 病毒性腸胃炎,More than 80 percent of affected children develop vomiting followed by diarrheaAbout one-third of hospitalized children have a temperature of greater than 39°C (102.2°F)多過(guò)八成的受感染兒童會(huì)出現(xiàn)嘔吐過(guò)後接著是肚瀉的癥狀大概

16、有三分之一的住院兒童會(huì)出現(xiàn)發(fā)燒大過(guò)39°C (102.2°F)的情況,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Gastrointestinal symptoms usually last between 2 and 6 daysImmunity is not complete腸胃炎癥狀一般維持 2至6日暫時(shí)未有疫苗注射,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Norwalk

17、infection occurs year-round and is commonMore than 70 percent of adults in both developed and less developed countries have antibodies to this virus諾沃克病毒感染是普遍和每年皆發(fā)生於已發(fā)展和將近發(fā)展的國(guó)家中，多過(guò)七成的成人對(duì)此病毒已有抗體,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃

18、克類病毒,Antibody acquisition occurs at a younger age among children in less developed countries than among those in developed areas於將近發(fā)展國(guó)家的年幼兒童比起已發(fā)展國(guó)家的年幼兒童較容易產(chǎn)生抗體,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Norwalk virus is spread by the

19、fecal-oral routeIn developed countries, the virus is responsible for one-third of all epidemics of nonbacterial gastroenteritis諾沃克病毒的傳播媒介是經(jīng)口或糞便在已發(fā)展國(guó)家中，此病毒佔(zhàn)有全部非細(xì)菌性腸胃炎爆發(fā)的三分之一,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,The virus is a c

20、ommon cause of waterborne epidemics of gastroenteritis and has been shown to be the etiologic agent in nursing home, cruise ship, and institutional (summer camp and school) outbreaks此病毒正是導(dǎo)致經(jīng)由飲水而感染腸胃炎的主要原因而且，當(dāng)腸胃炎發(fā)生在家居護(hù)理

21、、遊輪及公共團(tuán)體時(shí)(如夏令營(yíng)和學(xué)校) ，皆顯示出此病毒便是致病原,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Norwalk illness has an incubation period of between 18 and 72 h.Disease is characterized by the abrupt onset of nausea and abdominal cramps followed by vomiti

22、ng and/or diarrhea諾沃克病毒疾病的潛伏期為 18至72小時(shí)其發(fā)病的特色主要是突發(fā)性的作嘔、腹痛、接著是嘔吐和/或肚瀉,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Vomiting is reported more frequently for children than for adultsLow-grade fever [above 37.5°C (99.5°F)] develo

23、ps in about half of affected individuals報(bào)告指出，兒童出現(xiàn)嘔吐的情況比成人多低溫發(fā)燒 [大概37.5°C (99.5°F)]出現(xiàn)於過(guò)半數(shù)的受感染者,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Headache, myalgias, and abdominal pain are commonThe illness is usually mild and self

24、-limited, lasting 24 to 48 h.一般癥狀包括：頭痛、肌痛和腹痛此疾病通常是溫和和自限的，維持24至48小時(shí),Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Most people do not develop long-term resistance多數(shù)人沒有產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)期抗性,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Reference 相關(guān)資訊,衛(wèi)生署熱線︰2961 8966教統(tǒng)局︰

25、預(yù)防傳染病在學(xué)校擴(kuò)散http://www.emb.gov.hk/circular/data/embcm/EMBCM03310C.pdf衛(wèi)生署：預(yù)防病毒性腸胃炎http://www.emb.gov.hk/mailattach/SchoolGE_C.pdf衛(wèi)生署：學(xué)校預(yù)防傳染病指引http://www.info.gov.hk/dh/diseases/guide-c.htm,衛(wèi)生署：病毒性腸胃炎討論會(huì)簡(jiǎn)報(bào)http://www.emb.go

26、v.hk/EDNEWHP/resource/viral_gastroenteritis/Chinese/download/vgs.ppt衛(wèi)生署：諾沃克類病毒感染http://www.info.gov.hk/dh/diseases/CD/Norwalkc.htm衛(wèi)生署：預(yù)防傳染病資訊集http://www.info.gov.hk/dh/diseases/CD/CD_indexc.html食環(huán)署：諾沃克類病毒知多少？http://ww

27、w.fehd.gov.hk/safefood/library/norwalk/norwalkc.html,Reference 相關(guān)資訊,Health Promotion (by WHO)世界衛(wèi)生組織將健康促進(jìn)定義為The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health增強(qiáng)人們掌控及改善自己健康的能力To ensure

28、 sustained positive changes 確保能持續(xù)地作出正面的改善To address the interwined social, educational, psychological, and health needs of school children 配合學(xué)童在社會(huì)、教育、心理和健康上的多種需要,Health Promoting Schools健康促進(jìn)學(xué)校,Hong Kong Healthy

29、 Schools Award Scheme香港健康學(xué)校獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)計(jì)劃,World Health Organisation世界衛(wèi)生組織,the Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion of the Faculty of Medicine of The CUHK香港中文大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院健康教育及促進(jìn)健康中心,Education and Manpower Bureau教育統(tǒng)籌局,H

30、ealth Promotion Programmes needing support from us 健康推廣計(jì)劃需要大家的支持,http://www.hkedcity.net/project/cuhk_sars/,http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/med/hep/hygiene_charter/hygiene_charter.htm,http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/med/hep/hygiene_chart